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Markets, Wars and Instability: A Theory of Conflict in Economics through the Study of the Gravitational Field Model in International Trade

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3850912
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10/10 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-25

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

28 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 10 checked references that resolve
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Empirical Mathematical Rules concerning the Distribution and Equilibrium of Population
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Demographic Gravitation: Evidence and Applications
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The Development of Social Physics
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Space as gravitational field: the empire and the Atlantic in the political thought of Thomas Pownall
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Walter Isard and the Role of Regional Science and Peace Science for the Poor Countries
resolves10.2307/2146675
Conflict and Defense: A General Theory, <i>by Kenneth E. Boulding</i>
resolves10.1007/s10110-003-0180-0
The new economic geography: Past, present and the future
resolves10.7551/mitpress/6389.001.0001
The Spatial Economy
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Location Theory and Trade Theory: Short-Run Analysis
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The 28 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedstudying Urban economics, simplified the principles of spatial interaction into two main factors that reflect Newton's gravity: the agglomeration of masses due to a gravitational attraction function and the friction costs due to distance
no DOI — not checkedPotential of Population and its Relationship to Marketing
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedFor the scholar, in fact, it was necessary to demonstrate that the theory of International Trade is only part of a general theory of location. For this, the collaboration between economists and economic geographers was necessary in order to simultaneously consider spatial and price aspects. Furthermore, according to the economist
no DOI — not checkedwith the coming of the New Economic Geography (NEG), which is an ensemble of new abstract models that can explain spatial concentration, specialization and economic disparity. These models Bibliography Anderson J & Van Wincoop E (2003) Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle
no DOI — not checkedThe bargaining theory of war and peace. The economics of Peace and
no DOI — not checkedref12
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no DOI — not checkedDeterminants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical World
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no DOI — not checkedPeace economics: A Topical Perspective. Peace economics
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no DOI — not checkedA Gravity Model Reformulation of Trade and Conflict in Turkey
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no DOI — not checkedPotential of Population and its Relationship to Marketing
no DOI — not checkedref40
no DOI — not checkedDie Standortslehre und die Handelspolitik
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