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Influenza A Virus Modulates ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity in Human Cardiomyocytes

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3952087
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32/32 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

16 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 32 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1038/s41588-020-00759-x
A novel ACE2 isoform is expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in response to interferons and RNA respiratory virus infection
resolves10.1093/cvr/cvaa267
SARS-CoV-2 infects and induces cytotoxic effects in human cardiomyocytes
resolves10.1093/cvr/cvaa078
The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
resolves10.1002/jmv.26817
Co‐infection of influenza A virus and SARS‐CoV‐2: A retrospective cohort study
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Evidence for antiviral effect of nitric oxide. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication.
resolves10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.10.010
Membrane-associated zinc peptidase families: comparing ACE and ACE2
resolves10.1128/JVI.02202-13
TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 Cleave ACE2 Differentially and Only Proteolysis by TMPRSS2 Augments Entry Driven by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein
resolves10.1073/pnas.1900784116
IFITM3 protects the heart during influenza virus infection
resolves10.1001/jama.2020.6266
Rates of Co-infection Between SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens
resolves10.1002/eji.200535587
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite have different antiviral effects against hantavirus replication and free mature virions
resolves10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.016
Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis
resolves10.1007/s00134-020-06205-0
The prevalence, risk factors and outcome of cardiac dysfunction in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
resolves10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3551
Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases
resolves10.1038/s41586-020-2797-4
Cells of the adult human heart
resolves10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.048
Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19
resolves10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.008
SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Impairing Electrical and Mechanical Function
resolves10.1038/s41588-020-00732-8
Tissue-specific and interferon-inducible expression of nonfunctional ACE2 through endogenous retroelement co-option
resolves10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa311
Cell type-specific expression of the putative SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in human hearts
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0073637
Cardiomyocyte MEA Data Analysis (CardioMDA) – A Novel Field Potential Data Analysis Software for Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes
resolves10.1056/NEJMc2011400
Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2
resolves10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.034
M. tuberculosis-Initiated Human Mannose Receptor Signaling Regulates Macrophage Recognition and Vesicle Trafficking by FcRγ-Chain, Grb2, and SHP-1
resolves10.1128/JVI.73.10.8880-8883.1999
Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication by Nitric Oxide
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.0000251865.35728.2f
Angiotensin-(1-7) Through Receptor Mas Mediates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation via Akt-Dependent Pathways
resolves10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80003-5
An Antiviral Mechanism of Nitric Oxide
resolves10.1093/glycob/cwaa101
Comprehensive characterization of N- and O- glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 human receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2
resolves10.1002/ejhf.1828
Myocardial Localization of Coronavirus in COVID-19 Cardiogenic Shock
resolves10.1517/13543784.2012.664131
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonists: where should they be applied?
resolves10.1007/s00018-004-4240-7
What’s new in the renin-angiotensin system?
resolves10.1093/infdis/jiz405
Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enhancement of Macrophage P-Glycoprotein Expression and Activity on Intracellular Survival During Antituberculosis Drug Treatment
resolves10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.015
A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Platform to Study SARS-CoV-2 Tropism and Model Virus Infection in Human Cells and Organoids
resolves10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5
First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights
resolves10.1111/jcmm.16239
The role of SARS‐CoV‐2 target ACE2 in cardiovascular diseases
The 16 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedHuman Type I IFN neutralizing antibody mix (39000-1) was obtained from PBL Assay Science. Anti-ACE2 antibody (10108-T56 and T60) and anti
no DOI — not checkedCulture of Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes Human iPSC-CMs were plated using the supplier protocol. Briefly, hiPSC-CMs were plated as a monolayer in sterile 12 well cell culture plates coated with 0.1% gelatin and incubated at 37�C and 5% CO 2 in a humidified atmosphere for 48h. Then cells were transferred into CDI maintenance medium for further culture and the maintenance medium was changed every alternate day. For, gelatin coating, 1ml of 0.1% gelatin was added into each well of a 12 well plate and incubated at 37�C for a minimum of 1h. Human iPSC-CMs functional assay with Multi-electrode array system (MEA) After 5-7 days of hiPSC-CMs culturing in the 12 well cell culture plate, the cells were replated onto MEA plate. For this, the sterile 24 well CytoView MEA culture plate (Cat#M384-tMEA-24W
no DOI — not checkedref3
no DOI — not checkedSequential infection with H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 aggravated COVID-19 pathogenesis in a mammalian model, and co-vaccination as an effective method of prevention of COVID-19 and influenza
no DOI — not checkedAngiotensin converting enzyme 2 is a novel target of the ?-secretase complex
no DOI — not checkedHost Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection
no DOI — not checkedSARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection
no DOI — not checkedref14
no DOI — not checkedDual nature of human ACE2 glycosylation in binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike
no DOI — not checkedInterferons and viruses induce a novel truncated ACE2 isoform and not the full-length SARS-CoV-2 receptor
no DOI — not checkedref36
no DOI — not checkedref37
no DOI — not checkedOpposing activities of IFITM proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection
no DOI — not checkedFigure Legends: C57BL/6 mice were infected with IAV-PR68 (1x10 4 PFU) and on day 6 the mice were euthanized to harvest the lungs. The lung sections were stained with anti-ACE2 and macrophage marker F4/80 antibodies, followed by AF594 and AF488 conjugated secondary antibodies respectively. The nuclei were stained with DAPI
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedData analysis was performed using the cardiac analysis tool. (A) Activity map showing changes in beat rate of cardiomyocytes treated with HK SARS-CoV-2. Shown is a representative well from quadruplicate samples for each treatment (N=2). The graphs shown in B is the number of cardiomyocyte beats per minute at baseline and at 12, 18 and 24h post treatment. Data shown is a representative of two independent experiments performed in quadruplicate wells
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