Reference health
The Gender Gap in Math: What are We Measuring?
38/38 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-29
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
19 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 38 checked references that resolve
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Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement
resolves10.1038/s41467-019-11691-y
Females show more sustained performance during test-taking than males
resolves10.1111/j.1745-3984.1991.tb00341.x
Gender Differences in Multiple‐Choice Tests: The Role of Differential Guessing Tendencies
resolves10.1257/pandp.20191077
The Gender Socialization of Children Growing Up in Nontraditional Families
resolves10.1111/j.1745-3984.1990.tb00740.x
Method of Measurement and Gender Differences in Scholastic Achievement
resolves10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.001
An international comparison of students' ability to endure fatigue and maintain motivation during a low-stakes test
resolves10.1111/j.1745-3984.1992.tb00377.x
A Comparison of Quantitative Questions in Open‐Ended and Multiple‐Choice Formats
resolves10.1162/rest_a_00749
Gender Gap under Pressure: Evidence from China's National College Entrance Examination
resolves10.3102/1076998614558485
Student, School, and Country Differences in Sustained Test-Taking Effort in the 2009 PISA Reading Assessment
resolves10.1037/0012-1649.14.3.268
Sex differences in learned helplessness: II. The contingencies of evaluative feedback in the classroom and III. An experimental analysis.
resolves10.1080/03054980600976320
Educational standards and the changing discourse on education: the reception and consequences of the PISA study in Germany
resolves10.1037/0003-066X.39.3.193
The real test bias: Influences of testing on teaching and learning.
resolves10.17763/haer.80.3.l050025058204016
On Replicating Ethnic Test Bias Effects: The Santelices and Wilson Study
resolves10.1016/j.appdev.2003.09.002
Improving adolescents' standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat
resolves10.1007/s10887-012-9081-x
Do better schools lead to more growth? Cognitive skills, economic outcomes, and causation
resolves10.1080/08957340902754635
Gender Differences in Large-Scale Math Assessments: PISA Trend 2000 and 2003
resolves10.1057/9780230281295_4
Turn of the Tide—New Horizons in German Education Policymaking through IO Influence
resolves10.3102/0013189X18762105
The Relationship Between Test Item Format and Gender Achievement Gaps on Math and ELA Tests in Fourth and Eighth Grades
resolves10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.06.005
Shying away from demanding tasks? Experimental evidence on gender differences in answering multiple-choice questions
resolves10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102162
Gender differences in leaving questions blank on high-stakes standardized tests
resolves10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613
A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance.
resolves10.1080/08957347.2012.687650
Gender DIF in Reading and Mathematics Tests With Mixed Item Formats
resolves10.1002/berj.3329
Intergenerational transmission of gender segregation: How parents’ occupational field affects gender differences in field of study choices
resolves10.1207/s15324818ame1901_3
Sex Differences in the Tendency to Omit Items on Multiple-Choice Tests: 1980–2000
resolves10.1086/705799
When Students Don’t Care: Reexamining International Differences in Achievement and Student Effort
The 19 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedSex Bias in ASAT?
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no DOI — not checkedref10
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no DOI — not checkedParental occupation and the gender math gap: Examining the social reproduction of academic advantage among elementary and middle school students
no DOI — not checkedHigh school choices and the gender gap in stem
no DOI — not checkedref22
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no DOI — not checkedref29
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no DOI — not checkedThe confirmatory investigation of apm items with loadings as a function of the position and easiness of items: A two-dimensional model of apm
no DOI — not checkedSetting response time thresholds for a cat item pool: The normative threshold method
no DOI — not checkedPredictors of individual performance changes related to item positions in pisa assessments
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