Reference health
Dual-Active-Sites Cooperation Lead to Both Ultra-High Nh3 Yield and Faradaic Efficiency: A “Push-Pull” Mechanism for Nitrogen Fixation
1 of 25 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-07-23
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
30 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
marked retracted — notice via Crossref, record curated by Retraction Watch10.1126/science.1254234
RETRACTED: Ammonia synthesis by N
<sub>2</sub>
and steam electrolysis in molten hydroxide suspensions of nanoscale Fe
<sub>2</sub>
O
<sub>3</sub>
The 24 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1039/C7EE02220D
Rational design of electrocatalysts and photo(electro)catalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia (NH
<sub>3</sub>
) under ambient conditions
resolves10.1021/jacs.8b08379
Mechanistic Insights into Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Vanadium Nitride Nanoparticles
resolves10.1126/science.1085326
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia at a Single Molybdenum Center
resolves10.1016/j.chempr.2020.01.013
Accelerated Dinitrogen Electroreduction to Ammonia via Interfacial Polarization Triggered by Single-Atom Protrusions
resolves10.1007/s12274-020-3049-5
Iron-group electrocatalysts for ambient nitrogen reduction reaction in aqueous media
resolves10.1021/acscentsci.0c00552
Highly Efficient Photo-/Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen into Ammonia by Dual-Metal Sites
resolves10.1039/C9TA07845B
Atomically dispersed metal dimer species with selective catalytic activity for nitrogen electrochemical reduction
resolves10.1021/jacs.9b13349
Tackling the Activity and Selectivity Challenges of Electrocatalysts toward the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction via Atomically Dispersed Biatom Catalysts
resolves10.1016/j.jechem.2020.09.002
Anchoring Mo on C9N4 monolayers as an efficient single atom catalyst for nitrogen fixation
resolves10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151839
Unveiling the underlying mechanism of nitrogen fixation by a new class of electrocatalysts two-dimensional TM@g-C4N3 monosheets
resolves10.1021/jacs.0c09527
Realizing a Not-Strong-Not-Weak Polarization Electric Field in Single-Atom Catalysts Sandwiched by Boron Nitride and Graphene Sheets for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
resolves10.1039/D0CC04843G
Isolated diatomic Zn–Fe in N-doped carbon for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia
resolves10.1002/anie.201810175
An Isolated Zinc–Cobalt Atomic Pair for Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Reduction
resolves10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00686
Atomically Dispersed Fe/N-Doped Hierarchical Carbon Architectures Derived from a Metal–Organic Framework Composite for Extremely Efficient Electrocatalysis
resolves10.1039/C4TA00029C
Enriched graphitic N-doped carbon-supported Fe
<sub>3</sub>
O
<sub>4</sub>
nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
resolves10.1038/s41586-019-1260-x
A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements
resolves10.1021/acscatal.8b03802
Rational Design of Fe–N/C Hybrid for Enhanced Nitrogen Reduction Electrocatalysis under Ambient Conditions in Aqueous Solution
resolves10.1021/acscentsci.8b00734
High-Performance N<sub>2</sub>-to-NH<sub>3</sub> Conversion Electrocatalyzed by Mo<sub>2</sub>C Nanorod
resolves10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.092
Nitrogen-coordinated single Fe sites for efficient electrocatalytic N2 fixation in neutral media
resolves10.1002/anie.202014302
Gel‐Derived Amorphous Bismuth–Nickel Alloy Promotes Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation via Optimizing Nitrogen Adsorption and Activation
resolves10.1021/acscatal.9b02944
Copper Single Atoms Anchored in Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon as Efficient pH-Universal Catalysts for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
The 30 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedHigh-performance Artificial Nitrogen Fixation at Ambient Conditions using a Metal-free Electrocatalyst
no DOI — not checkedFacilitating Nitrogen Accessibility to Boron-rich Covalent Organic Frameworks via Electrochemical Excitation for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
no DOI — not checkedRecent Progress on Electrocatalyst and Photocatalyst Design for Nitrogen Reduction
no DOI — not checkedDramatically Enhanced Ambient Ammonia Electrosynthesis Performance by In-Operando Created Li-S Interactions on MoS 2 Electrocatalyst
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedSynthesis Strategies, Catalytic Applications, and Performance Regulation of Single-Atom Catalysts
no DOI — not checkedref14
no DOI — not checkedElectrochemical Reduction over Ru Single-Atom Catalysts
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checked55% Faradaic Efficiency of Ambient Ammonia Synthesis Enabled by Positively Shifting the Reaction Potential
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedTurning on Zn 4s Electrons in a N 2 -Zn-B 2 Configuration to Stimulate Remarkable ORR Performance
no DOI — not checkedref29
no DOI — not checkedEnhanced Fe 3d Delocalization and Moderate Spin Polarization in Fe Single Bond Ni Atomic Pairs for Bifunctional ORR and OER Electrocatalysis
no DOI — not checkedDial the Mechanism Switch of VN from Conversion to Intercalation toward Long Cycling Sodium-Ion Battery
no DOI — not checkedIdentification and Elimination of False Positives in Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Studies
no DOI — not checkedref36
no DOI — not checkedEngineering Surface Atomic Architecture of NiTe Nanocrystals Toward Efficient Electrochemical N 2 Fixation
no DOI — not checkedPromotion of Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on N-doped Porous Carbon with Secondary Heteroatoms
no DOI — not checkedref41
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedref46
no DOI — not checkedref49
no DOI — not checkedConfined Fe-Cu Clusters as Sub-nanometer Reactors for Efficiently Regulating the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
no DOI — not checkedThe Challenge of Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: A New Perspective on the Role of Nitrogen Scaling Relations
no DOI — not checkedHighly Efficient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis via Nitrogen Reduction Reactions on a VN Nanowire Array under Ambient Conditions
no DOI — not checkedref53
no DOI — not checkedAtomically Dispersed Molybdenum Catalysts for Efficient Ambient Nitrogen Fixation
no DOI — not checkedEngineering Ordered Vacancies and Atomic Arrangement over the Intermetallic PdM/CNT (M = Pb, Sn, In) Nanocatalysts for Synergistically Promoting Electrocatalysis N 2 Fixation
no DOI — not checkedAmorphous NiSb 2 O 6-x Nanofiber: A d-/p-block Janus Electrocatalyst toward Efficient NH 3 Synthesis Through Boosted N 2 Adsorption and Activation
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