Reference health
On the Use of Outcome Tests for Detecting Bias in Decision Making
55/55 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-19
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
23 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 55 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1162/rest.91.1.163
A New Look at Racial Profiling: Evidence from the Boston Police Department
resolves10.1257/000282806776157579
An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence
resolves10.3982/ECTA9626
Sparse Models and Methods for Optimal Instruments With an Application to Eminent Domain
resolves10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00318.x
<scp>Racial Profiling, Statistical Discrimination, and the Effect of a Colorblind Policy on the Crime Rate</scp>
resolves10.1093/qje/qjab027
Affirmative Action, Mismatch, and Economic Mobility after California’s Proposition 209
resolves10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.06.006
On the observational implications of taste-based discrimination in racial profiling
resolves10.1146/annurev.economics.102308.124448
Studying Discrimination: Fundamental Challenges and Recent Progress
resolves10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.01.005
Inference on an extended Roy model, with an application to schooling decisions in France
resolves10.1257/aer.20130612
Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041915
OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE AND EARNINGS DETERMINATION: THE ROLE OF SAMPLE SELECTION AND NON-PECUNIARY FACTORS
*
resolves10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01127.x
Crime Minimisation and Racial bias: What can we Learn from Police Search Data?
resolves10.1257/aer.97.5.1583
Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care
resolves10.1086/590216
Child Protection and Adult Crime: Using Investigator Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of Foster Care
resolves10.1198/016214506000000168
Testing for Racial Profiling in Traffic Stops From Behind a Veil of Darkness
resolves10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06071-0
Chapter 71 Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part II: Using the Marginal Treatment Effect to Organize Alternative Econometric Estimators to Evaluate Social Programs, and to Forecast their Effects in New Environments
resolves10.1086/696150
When the Shadow Is the Substance: Judge Gender and the Outcomes of Workplace Sex Discrimination Cases
resolves10.2307/2526310
Unionism and Wage Rates: A Simultaneous Equations Model with Qualitative and Limited Dependent Variables
resolves10.1086/695285
The Unintended Impact of Pretrial Detention on Case Outcomes: Evidence from New York City Arraignments
resolves10.1257/aer.103.5.1797
Does Disability Insurance Receipt Discourage Work? Using Examiner Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of SSDI Receipt
resolves10.2307/2526280
Nash-Bargained Household Decisions: Toward a Generalization of the Theory of Demand
resolves10.3982/ECTA15463
Using Instrumental Variables for Inference About Policy Relevant Treatment Parameters
resolves10.3386/w29276
The Returns to College(s): Relative Value-Added and Match Effects in Higher Education
resolves10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01126.x
Generalising the Hit Rates Test for Racial Bias in Law Enforcement, with an Application to Vehicle Searches in Wichita
resolves10.2307/3003571
An Investigation of Sex Discrimination in Commercial Banks' Direct Consumer Lending
resolves10.1257/aer.20151398
How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome
resolves10.1111/1468-0262.00277
Independence, Monotonicity, and Latent Index Models: An Equivalence Result
The 23 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAmerican Bar Association
no DOI — not checkedTesting for the Role of Prejudice in Emergency Departments Using Bounceback Rates
no DOI — not checkedAffirmative Action and the Quality-Fit Tradeoff
no DOI — not checkedMeasuring Racial Discrimination in Bail Decisions
no DOI — not checkedCorrection Appendix to 'Racial Bias in Bail Decisions
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedNobel Lecture: The Economic Way of Looking at Behavior
no DOI — not checkedref18
no DOI — not checkedref19
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedSelf-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants
no DOI — not checkedref26
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedDetecting Discrimination
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedRacial Profiling Or Racist Policing? Bounds Tests In Aggregate Data
no DOI — not checkedHuman Decisions and Machine Predictions
no DOI — not checkedref53
no DOI — not checkedref67
no DOI — not checkedref71
no DOI — not checkedref78
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