Reference health

Regulatory Arbitrage or Random Errors? Implications of Race Prediction Algorithms in Fair Lending Analysis

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4417513
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41/41 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

25 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 41 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhaa087
Does Borrower and Broker Race Affect the Cost of Mortgage Credit?
resolves10.1257/000282806776157579
An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence
resolves10.1093/qje/qjy012
Racial Bias in Bail Decisions*
resolves10.1257/aer.102.3.532
Access to Credit by Small Businesses: How Relevant Are Race, Ethnicity, and Gender?
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.05.047
Consumer-lending discrimination in the FinTech Era
resolves10.1257/aer.20140571
Attention Discrimination: Theory and Field Experiments with Monitoring Information Acquisition
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhx035
What Drives Racial and Ethnic Differences in High-Cost Mortgages? The Role of High-Risk Lenders
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.03.001
Color and credit: Race, regulation, and the quality of financial services
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.06.009
Do banks price discriminate spatially? Evidence from small business lending in local credit markets
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhz099
On the Rise of FinTechs: Credit Scoring Using Digital Footprints
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.09.004
Bank size, lending technologies, and small business finance
resolves10.1257/0002828042002561
Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhaa047
Do Minorities Pay More for Mortgages?
resolves10.1162/003465303772815835
Discrimination in the Small-Business Credit Market
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.03.011
Fintech, regulatory arbitrage, and the rise of shadow banks
resolves10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00515.x
Do Politicians Racially Discriminate Against Constituents? A Field Experiment on State Legislators
resolves10.1086/593073
Prejudice and Wages: An Empirical Assessment of Becker’s <i>The Economics of Discrimination</i>
resolves10.3386/w30682
Funding Black High-Growth Startups
resolves10.1111/jofi.12613
Is Fraud Contagious? Coworker Influence on Misconduct by Financial Advisors
resolves10.1093/restud/rdaa078
Measuring Bias in Consumer Lending
resolves10.1086/718964
When Harry Fired Sally: The Double Standard in Punishing Misconduct
resolves10.1007/s10742-009-0047-1
Using the Census Bureau’s surname list to improve estimates of race/ethnicity and associated disparities
resolves10.1287/mnsc.2021.3998
Black and White: Access to Capital Among Minority-Owned Start-ups
resolves10.1086/510763
Why Are Black‐Owned Businesses Less Successful than White‐Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital
resolves10.1162/0033553041502180
The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhz018
The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending
resolves10.15195/v4.a19
How Black Are Lakisha and Jamal? Racial Perceptions from Names Used in Correspondence Audit Studies
resolves10.1093/jeea/jvx045
Racial Discrimination in Local Public Services: A Field Experiment in the United States
resolves10.1086/318603
Racial Bias in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence
resolves10.1086/722093
Distinctively Black Names and Educational Outcomes
resolves10.2307/2579183
The Dimensions of Residential Segregation
resolves10.1177/0956797611434539
Temporal Distance and Discrimination
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1994.tb04418.x
The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data
resolves10.1073/pnas.1721355115
Face recognition accuracy of forensic examiners, superrecognizers, and face recognition algorithms
resolves10.1111/jofi.12208
The People in Your Neighborhood: Social Interactions and Mutual Fund Portfolios
resolves10.1162/qjec.2010.125.4.1859
Racial Discrimination Among NBA Referees
resolves10.1007/s11187-017-9878-2
Testing for racial bias in business credit scores
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhy137
Peer-to-Peer Lenders Versus Banks: Substitutes or Complements?
resolves10.2307/2946707
Redlining in Boston: Do Mortgage Lenders Discriminate Against Neighborhoods?
resolves10.1080/2330443X.2018.1427012
Using First Name Information to Improve Race and Ethnicity Classification
resolves10.1287/mnsc.2016.2579
Assessing Fair Lending Risks Using Race/Ethnicity Proxies
The 25 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedSmiles in profiles: Improving fairness and efficiency using estimates of user preferences in online marketplaces
no DOI — not checkedWhat is fueling fintech lending? The role of banking market structure
no DOI — not checkedDeleting a signal: Evidence from pre-employment credit checks
no DOI — not checkedref18
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedHow costly are cultural biases?
no DOI — not checkedDoes fintech substitute for banks? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program
no DOI — not checkedDid the $660 billion Paycheck Protection Program and $220 Bbillion Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program get disbursed to minority communities in the early stages of COVID-19?
no DOI — not checkedThe impact of minority representation at mortgage lenders
no DOI — not checkedWhen race/ethnicity data are lacking: Using advanced indirect estimation methods to measure disparities
no DOI — not checkedUsing high-frequency evaluations to estimate discrimination: Evidence from mortgage loan officers
no DOI — not checkedLender automation and racial disparities in credit access
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedref44
no DOI — not checkedLightface: A hybrid deep face recognition framework
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedPsychology data from the race implicit association test on the project implicit demo website
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedref62
no DOI — not checkedref63
no DOI — not checkedref64
no DOI — not checkedref65
no DOI — not checkedref66
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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