Reference health
The Opportunities and Costs of AI in Behavioural Science
74/74 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
69 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 74 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7
Artificial intelligence in education: Addressing ethical challenges in K-12 settings
resolves10.1016/j.chb.2020.106572
The importance of the assurance that “humans are still in the decision loop” for public trust in artificial intelligence: Evidence from an online experiment
resolves10.1093/abm/kaaa095
Artificial Intelligence and Behavioral Science Through the Looking Glass: Challenges for Real-World Application
resolves10.1038/s41562-021-01143-3
Behavioural science is unlikely to change the world without a heterogeneity revolution
resolves10.1073/pnas.2216115120
What can machine learning teach us about habit formation? Evidence from exercise and hygiene
resolves10.1126/science.aal4230
Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases
resolves10.1177/1745691621995183
Nudgeability: Mapping Conditions of Susceptibility to Nudge Influence
resolves10.1016/j.joep.2014.12.003
Like ripples on a pond: Behavioral spillovers and their implications for research and policy
resolves10.3390/su132313347
Different Shades of Nudges: Moderating Effects of Individual Characteristics and States on the Effectiveness of Nudges during a Fast-Food Order
resolves10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00342
How to Measure Behavioral Spillovers: A Methodological Review and Checklist
resolves10.1287/mnsc.2014.1961
Website Morphing 2.0: Switching Costs, Partial Exposure, Random Exit, and When to Morph
resolves10.1073/pnas.2216315120
Efficiently exploring the causal role of contextual moderators in behavioral science
resolves10.1007/s10489-021-02363-w
Personalized recommendation system based on knowledge embedding and historical behavior
resolves10.1017/bpp.2018.43
When and why defaults influence decisions: a meta-analysis of default effects
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60095-2
Social network targeting to maximise population behaviour change: a cluster randomised controlled trial
resolves10.1017/pds.2021.551
SYSTEM DESIGN CANVAS FOR IDENTIFYING LEVERAGE POINTS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM MODELS, CAMBODIA
resolves10.1037/a0039210
Facebook as a research tool for the social sciences: Opportunities, challenges, ethical considerations, and practical guidelines.
resolves10.1073/pnas.1218772110
Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior
resolves10.1007/s11625-021-00961-8
Leverage points for sustainability transformations: nine guiding questions for sustainability science and practice
resolves10.1257/jep.35.4.71
Fragile Algorithms and Fallible Decision-Makers: Lessons from the Justice System
resolves10.1073/pnas.1710966114
Psychological targeting as an effective approach to digital mass persuasion
resolves10.1073/pnas.2115126119
A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies
resolves10.1093/qje/qjab046
Diagnosing Physician Error: A Machine Learning Approach to Low-Value Health Care
resolves10.1007/s00146-019-00928-5
Behavioural artificial intelligence: an agenda for systematic empirical studies of artificial inference
resolves10.1016/j.chb.2020.106347
Nudge me right: Personalizing online security nudges to people's decision-making styles
resolves10.1002/per.2310
A (More) Behavioural Science of Personality in the Age of Multi–Modal Sensing, Big Data, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence
resolves10.1080/26395916.2021.1912829
Key advantages of the leverage points perspective to shape human-nature relations
resolves10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580111
The Impact of Complexity on Methods and Findings in Psychological Science
resolves10.1177/1745691619848688
Redefining Science: The Impact of Complexity on Theory Development in Social and Behavioral Research
resolves10.1080/0020174X.2013.806139
The Behavioural Economist and the Social Planner: To Whom Should Behavioural Welfare Economics Be Addressed?
resolves10.1080/13571510903227064
On Nudging: A Review of<i>Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness</i>by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein
resolves10.1073/pnas.2200732119
No reason to expect large and consistent effects of nudge interventions
resolves10.1017/S1930297500002874
Welfare effects of nudges: The emotional tax of calorie menu labeling
resolves10.1016/j.jebo.2018.07.005
Nudges that hurt those already hurting – distributional and unintended effects of salience nudges*
resolves10.1007/s10657-010-9193-8
Libertarian paternalism is an oxymoron: an essay in defence of liberty
The 69 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedUsing Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple MHumans and Replicate Human Subject Studies
no DOI — not checkedGenerative AI is sowing the seeds of doubt in serious science
no DOI — not checkedPersonalized Recommendations in EdTech: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
no DOI — not checkedBehavioural public policies for the social brain
no DOI — not checkedAlgorithmic Harm in Consumer Markets
no DOI — not checkedDesigning Freedom' Anansi: Canada Beer, S
no DOI — not checkedThe Smarter Screen: Surprising Ways to Influence and Improve Online Behavior' Portfolio: USA
no DOI — not checked_Behavioural_Economics_What_Have_we_Missed_Explo ring_Classical_Behavioural_Economics_Roots_in_AI_Cognitive_Psychology_and_Compl exity_Theory/links/60a6c68da6fdcc6d626878ee
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedPicking on the Same Person: Does Algorithmic Monoculture lead to Outcome Homogenization?
no DOI — not checkedUnderstanding the Origins of Bias in Word Embeddings
no DOI — not checkedThe i-frame and the s-frame: How focusing on individuallevel solutions has led behavioural public policy astray
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedThe Scientific Method in the Science of Machine Learning
no DOI — not checkedThe scant science behind Cambridge Analytica's controversial marketing techniques
no DOI — not checkedref41
no DOI — not checkedMaking Sense of the "Do Nudges Work?
no DOI — not checkedTraining a single AI model can emit as much carbon as five cars in their lifetimes
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedPsychological targeting: nudge or boost to foster mindful and sustainable consumption?
no DOI — not checkedLarge Language Models as Simulated Economics Agents: What Can We Learn from Homo Silicus?
no DOI — not checkedWhy Most Published Research Findings Are False
no DOI — not checkedHow Netflix's Choice Engine Drives Its Business
no DOI — not checkedCapturing Failures of Large Language Models via Human Cognitive Biases
no DOI — not checkedref59
no DOI — not checkedref60
no DOI — not checkedCan vaccination intentions against COVID-19 be nudged?
no DOI — not checkedHuman Decisions and Machine Predictions
no DOI — not checkedDiscrimination in the Age of Algorithms
no DOI — not checkedPublic attitudes towards algorithmic personalization and use of personal data online: evidence from Germany, Great Britain, and the United States
no DOI — not checkedLooking at Spillovers in the Mirror: Making a Case for
no DOI — not checkedFrom libertarian paternalism to liberalism: behavioural science and policy in an age of new technology
no DOI — not checkedref73
no DOI — not checkedTroubling Trends in Machine Learning Scholarship
no DOI — not checkedref76
no DOI — not checkedDancing with Systems
no DOI — not checkedLeverage points: Places to intervene in a system
no DOI — not checkedThe Human Behaviour-Change Project: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning for evidence synthesis and interpretation
no DOI — not checkedEfficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
no DOI — not checkedref87
no DOI — not checkedAI for Behavioural Science
no DOI — not checkedThe Future of Nudging Will Be Personal
no DOI — not checkedThe autonomous choice architect
no DOI — not checkedSeeing the nudge from the trees: The 4S framework for evaluating nudges
no DOI — not checkedLibertarian Paternalism is an Oxymoron
no DOI — not checkedTwo sides of the digital advertising coin: putting hypernudging into perspective
no DOI — not checkedNudge Effect of Fact-Check Alerts: Source Influence and Media Skepticism on Sharing of News Misinformation in Social Media
no DOI — not checkedReply to: Alternative meta-analysis of behavioural interventions to promote action on climate change yields different conclusions
no DOI — not checkedGenerative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior
no DOI — not checkedref103
no DOI — not checkedref107
no DOI — not checkedref109
no DOI — not checkedThe knowledge problem of new paternalism
no DOI — not checkedComplexity and behavioral economics
no DOI — not checkedHuman Compatible: AI and the Problem of Control' Penguin Books: UK Ryan
no DOI — not checkedEthically contentious aspects of artificial intelligence surveillance: a social science perspective
no DOI — not checkedBehave: The Biology of Humans at our Best and Worst' Penguin Books: UK Schimmelpfennig
no DOI — not checkedBehavioral brittleness: the case for strategic behavioral public policy
no DOI — not checkedHey, Google, leave those kids alone: Against hypernudging children in the age of big data
no DOI — not checkedLinguistically-Informed Self-Attention for Semantic Role Labelling
no DOI — not checkedThe use of algorithms in society
no DOI — not checkedGoverning by Algorithm? No Noise and (Potentially) Less Bias
no DOI — not checkedref129
no DOI — not checkedThe Hours Have Lost Their Clock: The Politics of Nostalgia' Repeater Books: UK
no DOI — not checkedAlternative meta-analysis of behavioral interventions to promote action on climate change yields different conclusions
no DOI — not checkedAchieving behaviour change: A guide for national government
no DOI — not checkedref140
no DOI — not checkedref141
no DOI — not checkedref142
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-03 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.4490597"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.4490597/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.4490597)