Reference health
The Problem of Disinformation
12/12 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-24
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
57 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 12 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1108/JD-05-2017-0075
Algorithmic detection of misinformation and disinformation: Gricean perspectives
The 57 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
no DOI — not checkedCharacterizing the 2016 Russian IRA influence campaign
no DOI — not checkedref3
no DOI — not checkedref4
no DOI — not checkedFake News' and Conceptual Ethics
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedExposure to the Russian Internet Research Agency foreign influence campaign on Twitter in the 2016 US election and its relationship to attitudes and voting behavior
no DOI — not checkedExperts appointed to the High-Level Group on Fake News and online disinformation
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedDisinformation, Misinformation And Limits On Freedom Of Expression During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Critical Inquiry. The Age of
no DOI — not checkedThe Press Versus the President
no DOI — not checkedLogic and Conversation
no DOI — not checkedStop Talking About Fake News! Inquiry
no DOI — not checkedConceptualizing Disinformation
no DOI — not checked2023a. The Applied Epistemology of Official Stories
no DOI — not checkedIntelligence Agencies' Communications with the Public
no DOI — not checkedAcademic Complicity in the Censorship Industry: the case of Kate Starbird
no DOI — not checkedThe Communicative Model of Disinformation: A Literature Note
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedGrice's Cooperative Maxims as Linguistic Criteria for News Selectivity
no DOI — not checkedCold War Operations: The Politics Of Communist Confrontation: Part VII: The Intelligence Organization
no DOI — not checkedref28
no DOI — not checkedCombating disinformation with AI: Epistemic and ethical challenges
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedref31
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedref33
no DOI — not checkedReady-to-(ab)use: From fake account trafficking to coordinated inauthentic behavior on Twitter
no DOI — not checkedPropositions
no DOI — not checkedref37
no DOI — not checkedref38
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no DOI — not checkedref41
no DOI — not checkedCoordinated Behavior on Social Media in 2019 UK General Election
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedref45
no DOI — not checkedMultidisciplinary Approaches to Mis-and Disinformation Studies
no DOI — not checkedDisentangling Disinformation: What Makes Regulating Disinformation So Difficult?
no DOI — not checkedFergus Bell and Alexios Mantzarlis
no DOI — not checkedref51
no DOI — not checkedref52
no DOI — not checkedref53
no DOI — not checkedIdentifying Coordinated Accounts on Social Media through Hidden Influence and Group Behaviours
no DOI — not checkedA Guide to Understanding the Hoax of the Century
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedref59
no DOI — not checkedref60
no DOI — not checkedref62
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no DOI — not checkedref64
no DOI — not checkedref65
no DOI — not checkedref66
no DOI — not checkedMisinformation Has Created a
no DOI — not checkedInformation Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking
no DOI — not checkedThe focus on misinformation leads to a profound misunderstanding of why people believe and act on bad information
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-07-24 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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