Reference health
The Deep Roots of American Populism
76/76 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
42 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 76 checked references that resolve
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Multiple Inference and Gender Differences in the Effects of Early Intervention: A Reevaluation of the Abecedarian, Perry Preschool, and Early Training Projects
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The Strength of Issues: Using Multiple Measures to Gauge Preference Stability, Ideological Constraint, and Issue Voting
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Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure
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Gone For Good: Deindustrialization, White Voter Backlash, and US Presidential Voting
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Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States
resolves10.1080/17419166.2013.792250
A Distant Mirror: Nineteenth-Century Populism, Nativism, and Contemporary Right-Wing Radical Politics
resolves10.1017/S0020818320000314
Populism in Place: The Economic Geography of the Globalization Backlash
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Immigration, Cultural Distance and Natives' Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Evidence from Swiss Voting Results
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The Role of Communities in the Transmission of Political Values: Evidence from Forced Population Transfers
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The Trade Origins of Economic Nationalism: Import Competition and Voting Behavior in Western Europe
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Spatial correlation robust inference with errors in location or distance
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An exploration of Donald Trump's allegations of massive voter fraud in the 2016 General Election
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Accountability for the Local Economy at All Levels of Government in United States Elections
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A Method to Construct Geographical Crosswalks with an Application to US Counties since 1790
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Populists at the Polls: Economic Factors in the US Presidential Election of 1896
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New Area- and Population-based Geographic Crosswalks for U.S. Counties and Congressional Districts, 1790–2020
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Why does import competition favor republicans? Localized trade shocks and cultural backlash in the US
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Collective Remembrance and Private Choice: German–Greek Conflict and Behavior in Times of Crisis
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The Differential Effects of Economic Conditions and Racial Attitudes in the Election of Donald Trump
resolves10.1017/S0003055421001040
The Long-Term Effects of Oppression: Prussia, Political Catholicism, and the Alternative für Deutschland
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Third Parties, Elections, and Roll‐Call Votes: The Populist Party and the Late Nineteenth‐Century U.S. Congress
resolves10.1017/S0003055419000832
Legacies of the Third Reich: Concentration Camps and Out-group Intolerance
resolves10.1017/S1049096518000367
Explaining the Trump Vote: The Effect of Racist Resentment and Anti-Immigrant Sentiments
resolves10.1198/jasa.2011.tm09599
Multivariate Matching Methods That Are Monotonic Imbalance Bounding
resolves10.1017/S0020818317000194
Winners and Losers in International Trade: The Effects on US Presidential Voting
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The threat of increasing diversity: Why many White Americans support Trump in the 2016 presidential election
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<i>A Reappraisal of the Causes of Farm Protest in the United States, 1870–1900</i>
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Economic Causes of Late-Nineteenth Century Agrarian Unrest:New Evidence
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Voting for Populism in Europe: Globalization, Technological Change, and the Extreme Right
resolves10.1007/s11109-020-09641-2
Us Over Here Versus Them Over There…Literally: Measuring Place Resentment in American Politics
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Why Does Globalization Fuel Populism? Economics, Culture, and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism
resolves10.1002/polq.12737
Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism
resolves10.1080/07393148.2017.1378296
The Racial Gap in Voting Among Women: White Women, Racial Resentment, and Support for Trump
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Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany*
The 42 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedEconomic Decline, Social Identity, and Authoritarian Values in the United States
no DOI — not checkedPartisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952-1996
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no DOI — not checkedref23
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no DOI — not checkedHistorical Persistence
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no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedA Global Perspective on Party Organizations. Validating the Varieties of Party Identity and Organization Dataset (V-Party)
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no DOI — not checkedDemand and Supply of Populism
no DOI — not checkedref63
no DOI — not checkedThe Persistence of Populism
no DOI — not checkedref66
no DOI — not checkedIdentification, Inference and Sensitivity Analysis for Causal Mediation Effects
no DOI — not checkedTariffs and Growth in Late-Nineteenth-Century America
no DOI — not checkedref77
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no DOI — not checkedPopulism and the First Wave of Globalization: Evidence from the 1892 US Presidential Election
no DOI — not checkedref82
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no DOI — not checkedAmerican Party Platforms and Public Opinion
no DOI — not checkedStatus Threat, Not Economic Hardship, Explains the 2016 Presidential Vote
no DOI — not checkedFull Text: 2017 Donald Trump Inauguration Speech Transcript
no DOI — not checkedIf Elected, I Promise': American Party Platforms
no DOI — not checkedref105
no DOI — not checkedHow Today Is Like the 1890s
no DOI — not checkedref111
no DOI — not checkedWealth of Tongues: Why Peripheral Regions Vote for the Radical Right in Germany
no DOI — not checkedref118
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