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The Ico Rating Game: Biased Ratings of Crypto Experts in Initial Coin Offerings

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4531625
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17/17 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-18

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

7 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 17 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.001
Why do businesses go crypto? An empirical analysis of initial coin offerings
resolves10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101786
Digital Tulips? Returns to investors in initial coin offerings
resolves10.1111/1475-679X.12404
The Role of Disclosure and Information Intermediaries in an Unregulated Capital Market: Evidence from Initial Coin Offerings
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhu001
Wisdom of Crowds: The Value of Stock Opinions Transmitted Through Social Media
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhj007
Analysts’ Weighting of Private and Public Information
resolves10.1287/mnsc.1070.0810
Online Consumer Review: Word-of-Mouth as a New Element of Marketing Communication Mix
resolves10.1509/jmkr.43.3.345
The Effect of Word of Mouth on Sales: Online Book Reviews
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhaa089
Tokenomics: Dynamic Adoption and Valuation
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.01.007
Revolving doors on Wall Street
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.105661
The role of due diligence in crowdfunding platforms
resolves10.1287/mnsc.2019.3294
Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds
resolves10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.007
Initial coin offerings (ICOs) to finance new ventures
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106476
Experts or charlatans? ICO analysts and white paper informativeness
resolves10.1111/1540-6261.00526
Analyzing the Analysts: Career Concerns and Biased Earnings Forecasts
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhz131
Initial Coin Offerings: Financing Growth with Cryptocurrency Token Sales
resolves10.1093/rcfs/cfab014
The Wisdom of Crowds in FinTech: Evidence from Initial Coin Offerings
resolves10.1509/jm.74.2.133
Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Sales: The Moderating Role of Product and Consumer Characteristics
The 7 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe Role of "Expert Reviewers
no DOI — not checkedConflicted Analysts and Initial Coin Offerings
no DOI — not checkedBlockchain Litigation Year in Review (Part 2): Lessons From 2019 And What's Ahead For
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedref21
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedref23
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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