Reference health
The Impact of Incarceration on Employment, Earnings, and Tax Filing
48/48 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-07
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 48 checked references that resolve
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Semiparametric instrumental variable estimation of treatment response models
resolves10.1093/qje/qjx028
Ban the Box, Criminal Records, and Racial Discrimination: A Field Experiment*
resolves10.1093/qje/qjv003
Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges *
resolves10.1080/01621459.1995.10476535
Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation of Average Causal Effects in Models with Variable Treatment Intensity
resolves10.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199901/02)14:1<57::AID-JAE501>3.0.CO;2-G
Jackknife instrumental variables estimation
resolves10.1093/qje/qjy003
Divergent Paths: A New Perspective on Earnings Differences Between Black and White Men Since 1940
resolves10.2307/2951662
Alternative Approximations to the Distributions of Instrumental Variable Estimators
resolves10.1093/qje/qjz042
Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States: an Intergenerational Perspective*
resolves10.1257/aer.20161503
The Effects of Pre-Trial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges
resolves10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.05.004
Smart sentencing guidelines: The effect of marginal policy changes on recidivism
resolves10.2307/2109547
Arrests, Persistent Youth Joblessness, and Black/White Employment Differentials
resolves10.1086/501089
Perceived Criminality, Criminal Background Checks, and the Racial Hiring Practices of Employers
resolves10.1086/209917
Measuring Program Impacts on Earnings and Employment: Do Unemployment Insurance Wage Reports from Employers Agree with Surveys of Individuals?
resolves10.1093/qje/qjs052
How should inmates be released from prison? An assessment of parole versus fixed-sentence regimes *
resolves10.1111/1745-9125.12000
DOES IMPRISONMENT ALTER THE LIFE COURSE? EVIDENCE ON CRIME AND EMPLOYMENT FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT
resolves10.1257/aer.20190221
The Causal Interpretation of Two-Stage Least Squares with Multiple Instrumental Variables
resolves10.1086/708063
Does Banning the Box Help Ex-Offenders Get Jobs? Evaluating the Effects of a Prominent Example
resolves10.1093/qje/qjaa046
Who Gets a Second Chance? Effectiveness and Equity in Supervision of Criminal Offenders
resolves10.1086/716561
How Does Incarceration Affect Reoffending? Estimating the Dose-Response Function
resolves10.1086/696209
Work as Foraging: A Smartphone Study of Job Search and Employment after Prison
The 41 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe impact of criminal records on employment, earnings, and tax filing
no DOI — not checkedThe effect of criminal records on access to employment
no DOI — not checkedref7
no DOI — not checkedLifetime earnings and the vietnam era draft lottery: evidence from social security administrative records
no DOI — not checkedParental incarceration and children's educational attainment
no DOI — not checkedref14
no DOI — not checkedProblems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak
no DOI — not checkedThe impact of maternal imprisonment on children's educational achievement results from children in chicago public schools
no DOI — not checkedThe long-run effects of attending an elite school: Evidence from the united kingdom
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedThe impact of family income on child achievement: Evidence from the earned income tax credit
no DOI — not checkedProviding after prison: Nonresident fathers' formal and informal contributions to children. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation
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no DOI — not checkedMeasuring intergenerational exposure to the us justice system: Evidence from longitudinal links between survey and administrative data
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no DOI — not checkedThe downstream consequences of misdemeanor pretrial detention
no DOI — not checkedThe health effects of prison
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no DOI — not checkedIncarceration and unwed fathers in fragile families
no DOI — not checkedPre-imprisonment employment drops: another instance of the ashenfelter dip
no DOI — not checkedref65
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no DOI — not checkedref72
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no DOI — not checkedState of recidivism: The revolving door of america's prisons
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no DOI — not checkedref81
no DOI — not checkedDistortion of justice: How the inability to pay bail affects case outcomes
no DOI — not checkedref84
no DOI — not checkedsubstitute into Equation E.5. In North Carolina, we estimate this model separately for each of the five felony classes and take the average of the estimates. In Ohio, we take the predicted probabilities at the 5 th and 95 th percentiles of the leave-out judge severity distribution to calculate p(d, 0) and p(d, 1), respectively. Using this method, we bound the share of extensive-margin compliers to
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