Reference health
Individual Differences in Overconfidence and their Psychological Bases
75/75 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
25 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 75 checked references that resolve
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Individual consistency in the accuracy and distribution of confidence judgments
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Mind-Reading and Metacognition: Narcissism, not Actual Competence, Predicts Self-Estimated Ability
resolves10.1080/00223890902935878
The HEXACO-60: A Short Measure of the Major Dimensions of Personality
resolves10.1177/1073191117700268
Teasing Apart Overclaiming, Overconfidence, and Socially Desirable Responding
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Individual differences in decision processing and confidence judgments in comparative judgment tasks: The role of cognitive styles
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.60
Skilled or unskilled, but still unaware of it: How perceptions of difficulty drive miscalibration in relative comparisons.
resolves10.3758/s13428-019-01273-7
Online panels in social science research: Expanding sampling methods beyond Mechanical Turk
resolves10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications.
resolves10.1093/rof/rfn023
An Experimental Test of the Impact of Overconfidence and Gender on Trading Activity
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.5
How chronic self-views influence (and potentially mislead) estimates of performance.
resolves10.1037/0033-295X.101.3.519
Simultaneous over- and underconfidence: The role of error in judgment processes.
resolves10.1002/bdm.1773
True Overconfidence in Interval Estimates: Evidence Based on a New Measure of Miscalibration
resolves10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105659
Unskilled, underperforming, or unaware? Testing three accounts of individual differences in metacognitive monitoring
resolves10.1017/S1930297500005921
The role of actively open-minded thinking in information acquisition, accuracy, and calibration
resolves10.1002/bdm.678
Do positive illusions predict overconfidence in judgment? A test using interval production and probability evaluation measures of miscalibration
resolves10.1038/s41562-021-01057-0
A rational model of the Dunning–Kruger effect supports insensitivity to evidence in low performers
resolves10.1287/mnsc.39.1.17
Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts: A Cognitive Perspective on Risk Taking
resolves10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.609
How do we know that we know? The accessibility model of the feeling of knowing.
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121
Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments.
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.65.5.861
Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information.
resolves10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.10.002
Social comparison and confidence: When thinking you’re better than average predicts overconfidence (and when it does not)
resolves10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.053
Direct and interactive effects of narcissism and power on overconfidence
resolves10.1111/j.1354-7798.2005.00302.x
Does Overconfidence Affect Corporate Investment? CEO Overconfidence Measures Revisited
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.07.002
Who makes acquisitions? CEO overconfidence and the market's reaction☆
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01685.x
Overconfidence and Early‐Life Experiences: The Effect of Managerial Traits on Corporate Financial Policies
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.07.009
Financial overconfidence over time: Foresight, hindsight, and insight of investors
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.972
Error and bias in comparative judgment: On being both better and worse than we think we are.
resolves10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.03.002
Measuring overconfidence: Methodological problems and statistical artifacts
resolves10.1016/j.paid.2020.110280
Grandiose narcissists and decision making: Impulsive, overconfident, and skeptical of experts–but seldom in doubt
resolves10.1080/00221300209602099
The Role of Individual Differences in the Accuracy of Confidence Judgments
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.890
The over-claiming technique: Measuring self-enhancement independent of ability.
resolves10.1016/0749-5978(87)90012-4
Components of probability judgment accuracy: Individual consistency and effects of subject matter and assessment method
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.
resolves10.3758/BF03210798
The domain specificity and generality of overconfidence: Individual differences in performance estimation bias
resolves10.1207/s15327906mbr2304_8
Psychometric and Geometric Characteristics of the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS-R)
resolves10.1016/0030-5073(82)90237-9
External correspondence: Decompositions of the mean probability score
resolves10.1007/s11336-003-0974-7
Cronbach’s <i>α</i>, Revelle’s <i>β</i>, and Mcdonald’s <i>ω<sub>H</sub></i>: their Relations with Each Other and Two Alternative Conceptualizations of Reliability
The 25 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
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no DOI — not checkedKnowing with certainty: The appropriateness of extreme confidence
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedStability and variability in the realism of confidence judgments over time, content domain, and gender
no DOI — not checkedSubjective confidence and the sampling of knowledge
no DOI — not checkedReasons for Confidence
no DOI — not checkedref53
no DOI — not checkedThe Overconfidence Test (OCT): A parsimonious measure of trait-level overconfidence (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4893481)
no DOI — not checkedref59
no DOI — not checkedref64
no DOI — not checkedref66
no DOI — not checkedref67
no DOI — not checkedIndividual Differences in Overconfidence
no DOI — not checkedref71
no DOI — not checkedref72
no DOI — not checkedref74
no DOI — not checkedref81
no DOI — not checkedref82
no DOI — not checkedref83
no DOI — not checkedOverconfidence in Interval Estimates
no DOI — not checkedOverconfidence in Probability Distributions: People Know They Don't Know, but They Don't Know What to Do About It
no DOI — not checkedGeneral Intelligence' Objectively Determined and Measured
no DOI — not checkedSubjective Probability Intervals: How to Reduce Overconfidence by Interval Evaluation
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