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Are Cryptocurrencies Exposed to Traditional Factor Risk?

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4595563
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41/41 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-29

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

29 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 41 checked references that resolve
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Blockchain Economics
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The Relationship between Bitcoin and Nasdaq, U.S. Dollar Index and Commodities
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Sovereign risk premia and global macroeconomic conditions
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Are cryptocurrencies priced in the cross-section? A portfolio approach
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Can volume predict Bitcoin returns and volatility? A quantiles-based approach
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Cryptocurrencies As an Asset Class? <i>An Empirical Assessment</i>
resolves10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102690
Investigating the nature of interaction between crypto-currency and commodity markets
resolves10.1016/j.frl.2016.09.025
On the hedge and safe haven properties of Bitcoin: Is it really more than a diversifier?
resolves10.1016/j.qref.2019.05.001
Cryptocurrencies as hedges and safe-havens for US equity sectors
resolves10.1016/j.bar.2016.03.001
Commodity risks and the cross-section of equity returns
resolves10.1257/0002828053828581
Bond Risk Premia
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhz007
Blockchain Disruption and Smart Contracts
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhaa040
Decentralized Mining in Centralized Pools
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhaa089
Tokenomics: Dynamic Adoption and Valuation
resolves10.1016/j.econlet.2018.01.004
Exploring the dynamic relationships between cryptocurrencies and other financial assets
resolves10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102947
Is downside risk priced in cryptocurrency market?
resolves10.1016/0304-405X(93)90023-5
Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds
resolves10.1086/260061
Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhz015
Sex, Drugs, and Bitcoin: How Much Illegal Activity Is Financed through Cryptocurrencies?
resolves10.1186/s40854-024-00645-z
Analyzing time–frequency connectedness between cryptocurrencies, stock indices, and benchmark crude oils during the COVID-19 pandemic
resolves10.1093/rof/rfs019
The Fundamentals of Commodity Futures Returns
resolves10.1016/j.tele.2016.05.005
Cryptocurrency value formation: An empirical study leading to a cost of production model for valuing bitcoin
resolves10.1093/restud/rdab014
Monopoly without a Monopolist: An Economic Analysis of the Bitcoin Payment System
resolves10.1016/j.irfa.2018.12.002
Dynamic connectedness and integration in cryptocurrency markets
resolves10.1111/1540-6261.00441
A Rational Expectations Model of Financial Contagion
resolves10.1016/j.jmoneco.2017.05.006
The cross-section and time series of stock and bond returns
resolves10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04752
Herding behaviour in digital currency markets: An integrated survey and empirical estimation
resolves10.1016/j.jempfin.2022.12.010
Are cryptocurrencies a safe haven for stock investors? A regime-switching approach
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhaa113
Risks and Returns of Cryptocurrency
resolves10.1111/jofi.13119
Common Risk Factors in Cryptocurrency
resolves10.1257/aer.97.1.89
The Cross Section of Foreign Currency Risk Premia and Consumption Growth Risk
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.07.001
Trading and arbitrage in cryptocurrency markets
resolves10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.011
Cryptocurrencies vs. US dollar: Evidence from causality in quantiles analysis
resolves10.1016/j.najef.2020.101343
Non-linear causal linkages of EPU and gold with major cryptocurrencies during bull and bear markets
resolves10.1016/j.jedc.2021.104155
Currency stability using blockchain technology
resolves10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.07.002
Some simple bitcoin economics
resolves10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101972
Investor attention in cryptocurrency markets
resolves10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.009
Is Bitcoin a hedge or safe haven for currencies? An intraday analysis
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Factor pricing of cryptocurrencies
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Bitcoin and the legitimacy crisis of money
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106246
Downside risk and the cross-section of cryptocurrency returns
The 29 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref3
no DOI — not checkedExploring fluctuations and interconnected movements in stock, commodity, and cryptocurrency markets
no DOI — not checkedThe impact of bitcoin on gold, the volatility index (vix), and dollar index (usdx): analysis based on var, svar, and wavelet coherence
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedSovereign risk premia
no DOI — not checkedref16
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedCryptocurrencies and investment diversification: Empirical evidence from seven largest cryptocurrencies
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedref29
no DOI — not checkedref31
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedRevisiting the safe haven role of gold across time and frequencies during the covid-19 pandemic
no DOI — not checkedThe cross-section of expected stock returns
no DOI — not checkedSize and book-to-market factors in earnings and returns
no DOI — not checkedref39
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedHigher moments, extreme returns, and cross-section of cryptocurrency returns
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedThe effects of geopolitical uncertainty on cryptocurrencies and other financial assets
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedref64
no DOI — not checkedAsset pricing of cryptocurrencies and momentum based patterns
no DOI — not checkedref69
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