Reference health
The Influencer Copycats
37/37 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-16
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
19 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 37 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00662.x
Is All That Talk Just Noise? The Information Content of Internet Stock Message Boards
resolves10.2308/TAR-2018-0259
Investor Disagreement, Disclosure Processing Costs, and Trading Volume Evidence from Social Media
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01364.x
Neighbors Matter: Causal Community Effects and Stock Market Participation
resolves10.1007/s11142-019-09498-9
Skin in the game: personal stock holdings and investors’ response to stock analysis on social media
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhu001
Wisdom of Crowds: The Value of Stock Opinions Transmitted Through Social Media
resolves10.1016/j.finmar.2019.100511
Social media, financial reporting opacity, and return comovement: Evidence from Seeking Alpha
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.07.018
The democratization of investment research and the informativeness of retail investor trading
resolves10.1111/1911-3846.12832
<scp>FinBERT</scp>
: A Large Language Model for Extracting Information from Financial Text*
resolves10.1016/j.jebo.2014.04.015
Investor sentiment from internet message postings and the predictability of stock returns
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01625.x
When Is a Liability Not a Liability? Textual Analysis, Dictionaries, and 10‐Ks
resolves10.1093/rfs/12.4.653
Conflict of Interest and the Credibility of Underwriter Analyst Recommendations
resolves10.1111/jofi.12208
The People in Your Neighborhood: Social Interactions and Mutual Fund Portfolios
resolves10.1016/0167-2681(89)90076-0
Survey evidence on diffusion of interest and information among investors
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01232.x
Giving Content to Investor Sentiment: The Role of Media in the Stock Market
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.09.018
Corporate actions and the manipulation of retail investors in China: An analysis of stock splits
The 19 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedLanguage Models are Few-shot Learners
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no DOI — not checkedShall We Talk? The Role of Interactive Investor Platforms in Corporate Communication
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no DOI — not checkedJieba: Chinese Text Segmentation
no DOI — not checkedAttention is All You Need
no DOI — not checkedTransformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing
no DOI — not checkedPanel D. Summary statistics of followers' characteristics and investment performance Obs Mean SD Min Median Max Market-adjusted Return (%)
no DOI — not checkedref54
no DOI — not checkedor the number of likes received on posts created by Influencer (# Post Likes). Panel C provides summary statistics of social learning among Influencers, which includes Influncer Post Similarity measures and social interactions among Influencers measures. To construct our similarity metrics, we employed various text-processing methods and large language models, resulting in four robustness measures. For interactions among influencers, we quantify their interactivity based on reading and following data, thus gauging both reading and attention interactions. Panel D presents summary statistics of followers' characteristics and their investment performance. Regarding investors, we sourced demographic attributes, such as age and gender, and determined monthly returns and Sharpe ratios from their holdings and transaction records. The FollowerExposure-InfluencerPostSimilarity metric, slightly more intricate, is derived from the reading data of investors and the post similarity of influencers. This measure reflects the social learning or imitation level of the influencers investors often read
no DOI — not checkedref56
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