Reference health
Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI
12/12 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-16
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
32 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 12 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1126/science.abj8754
Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a three-track neural network
resolves10.1007/s10961-021-09900-2
Identifying artificial intelligence (AI) invention: a novel AI patent dataset
resolves10.1016/S0048-7333(94)00790-X
Of life cycles real and imaginary: The unexpectedly long old age of optical lithography
resolves10.1017/S0022050704002608
A General-Purpose Technology at Work: The Corliss Steam Engine in the Late-Nineteenth-Century United States
resolves10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2
Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy
The 32 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedCompetition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship
no DOI — not checkedBefore and after AlphaFold2: An Overview of Protein Structure Prediction
no DOI — not checkedref5
no DOI — not checkedWhat Innovation Paths for AI to Become a GPT?
no DOI — not checkedThe Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox
no DOI — not checkedNeural Network Categorization Accuracy with Categorical Graph Neural Networks
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedHugging Face: Serving AI on a Platform
no DOI — not checkedDaniela Rus, and Radu Grosu. 2021
no DOI — not checkedVirtual environment scenarios and observers for autonomous machine applications
no DOI — not checkedref19
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedFair Learning
no DOI — not checkedref27
no DOI — not checkedAI Chatbots Lose Money Every Time You Use Them. That Is a Problem
no DOI — not checkedBenchmarking Safe Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning
no DOI — not checkedCompression in machine learning and deep learning processing
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedProcessing images using deep neural networks
no DOI — not checkedUnraveling the Process of Creative Destruction: Complementary Assets and Incumbent Survival in the Typesetter Industry
no DOI — not checkedref37
no DOI — not checkedAttention Is All You Need
no DOI — not checkedref40
no DOI — not checkedref41
no DOI — not checkedBenchmarking Open-Source Large Language Models, GPT-4 and Claude 2 on Multiple-Choice Questions in Nephrology
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedIntellectual Human Capital and the Birth of US Biotechnology Enterprises
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
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or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
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