Reference health
Economic Impact of Bolar Exemptions
71/71 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
39 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 71 checked references that resolve
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A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of R&D, Patents, and Product Innovation on Firm Performance
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Reverse causality in the R&D–patents relationship: an interpretation of the innovation persistence
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Innovation and firm value: An investigation of the changing role of patents, 1985–2007
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Brand Loyalty, Generic Entry and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals in the Quarter Century after the 1984 Waxman-Hatch Legislation
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The International Dynamics of R&D and Innovation in the Long Run and in the Short Run
resolves10.1136/jech-2017-210106
Synthetic control methodology as a tool for evaluating population-level health interventions
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Generic competition and the incentives for early-stage pharmaceutical innovation
resolves10.1177/1536867X19874224
Estimation of pre- and posttreatment average treatment effects with binary time-varying treatment using Stata
resolves10.1093/jiplp/jpt177
The UK research and 'Bolar' exemptions: broadening the scope for innovation?
resolves10.1108/IJEBR-06-2015-0126
Access to bank finance for UK SMEs in the wake of the recent financial crisis
resolves10.1023/A:1007864315687
The Determinants of R & D Expenditures: A Study of the Canadian Biotechnology Industry
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2006.07.004
Patent systems for encouraging innovation: Lessons from economic analysis
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Bank credit supply and firm innovation behavior in the financial crisis
resolves10.1002/smj.4250140803
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The Interaction between Product Market and Financing Strategy: The Role of Venture Capital
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Moving from non-interventionism to industrial strategy: The roles of tentative and definitive governance in support of the UK biotech sector
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Extending the Monopoly – How ‘Secondary Patents’ Can Be Used to Delay or Prevent Generic Competition upon Expiry of the Basic Product Patent
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Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01639.x
Private Equity and Long‐Run Investment: The Case of Innovation
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.07.001
Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral
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Does international research and development increase patent output? An analysis of Japanese pharmaceutical firms
resolves10.1162/rest.89.3.436
Do National Patent Laws Stimulate Domestic Innovation in a Global Patenting Environment? A Cross-Country Analysis of Pharmaceutical Patent Protection, 1978–2002
resolves10.1080/1043859042000188719
The private values of ‘thickets’ and ‘fences’: towards an updated picture of the use of patents across industries
resolves10.1093/cje/bel006
Patents, firm size and financial constraints: an empirical analysis for a panel of Italian manufacturing firms
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Copayments for ambulatory care in Germany: a natural experiment using a difference-in-difference approach
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An exploratory analysis of patent fencing in pharmaceuticals: The case of PDE5 inhibitors
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The 39 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedFinancing constraints, intellectual property rights protection and incremental innovation: Evidence from transition economy firms
no DOI — not checkedref6
no DOI — not checkedEconomic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention
no DOI — not checkedPatent term extension strategies in the pharmaceutical industry
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedPatent expiration, entry, and competition in the US pharmaceutical industry
no DOI — not checkedEffects of the Monopolistic Patenting of Medicine in Italy since 1978
no DOI — not checkedProtecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why US manufacturing firms patent (or not)
no DOI — not checkedPatents as signals for startup financing
no DOI — not checkedThe Bolar exemption: Legislative models and drafting opinions
no DOI — not checkedref35
no DOI — not checkedref37
no DOI — not checkedref38
no DOI — not checkedref39
no DOI — not checkedCommunication from the commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions
no DOI — not checkedref44
no DOI — not checkedLonger Patents for Lower Imitation Barriers: The 1984 Drug Act
no DOI — not checkedref48
no DOI — not checkedref51
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedA Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Experimental Use Exemptions in Patent Law on Incentives to Innovate
no DOI — not checkedref64
no DOI — not checkedref65
no DOI — not checkedOutside the box: using synthetic control methods as a forecasting technique
no DOI — not checkedIntellectual Property Rights and Access to Innovation -Evidence from TRIPS
no DOI — not checkedOvercoming intellectual property monopolies in the COVID-19 pandemic
no DOI — not checkedref82
no DOI — not checkedPatent breadth, patent life and the pace of technological progress
no DOI — not checkedref84
no DOI — not checkedref89
no DOI — not checkedGeneric drug industry dynamics
no DOI — not checkedSuite 500, Cambridge, MA 02142-1046
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no DOI — not checkedSynthetic Forecasting Method for COVID-19: Applications to UK and Turkey
no DOI — not checkedDo Stronger Patent Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1998 Japanese Patent Law Reforms
no DOI — not checkedref98
no DOI — not checkedref100
no DOI — not checkedManaging generic competition and patent strategies in the pharmaceutical industry
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