Reference health
Causal Returns to Education
27/27 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-27
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
19 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 27 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1086/654403
How Large Are Human-Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws
resolves10.1257/jep.15.4.69
Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments
resolves10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.10.007
The effect of human capital on earnings: Evidence from a reform at Colombia's top university
resolves10.1016/S0927-5371(99)00041-X
A review of estimates of the schooling/earnings relationship, with tests for publication bias
resolves10.1257/0002828053828635
Why the Apple Doesn’t Fall Far: Understanding Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital
resolves10.1111/1468-0262.00237
Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems
resolves10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104902
School quality and the return to schooling in Britain: New evidence from a large-scale compulsory schooling reform
resolves10.1257/aer.91.4.795
Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment
resolves10.1108/IJM-03-2021-0184
A data set of comparable estimates of the private rate of return to schooling in the world, 1970–2014
resolves10.1257/000282806776157641
Estimating Average and Local Average Treatment Effects of Education when Compulsory Schooling Laws Really Matter
resolves10.1111/j.1467-9914.2005.00318.x
Schooling and Labor Market Impacts of a Natural Policy Experiment
resolves10.1162/rest.90.3.592
Zero Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Germany: Evidence and Interpretation
resolves10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02080.x
The Impact of Length of the School Year on Student Performance and Earnings: Evidence from the German Short School Years
resolves10.1080/09645292.2018.1484426
Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature
The 19 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedEstimates of the economic return to schooling from a new sample of twins
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedEarnings of university dropouts across
no DOI — not checkedReturns to education: individuals
no DOI — not checkedUsing geographic variation in college proximity to estimate the return to schooling
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedThe long-run educational cost of World War II: An example of local average treatment effect estimation
no DOI — not checkedVitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedref31
no DOI — not checkedref33
no DOI — not checkedEstimating the return to schooling using the Mincer equation
no DOI — not checkedInvestment in human capital
no DOI — not checkedAt least five interesting things to your week (#28)
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedref44
no DOI — not checkedref46
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work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
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or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
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