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Trust Me, I’m a Chatbot: How Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Fails the Turing Test

https://doi.org/10.2196/16222
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22/22 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-21

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

2 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 22 checked references that resolve
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Doctor in the house: the Internet as a source of lay health knowledge and the challenge to expertise
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Empirical Studies Assessing the Quality of Health Information for Consumers on the World Wide Web
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The importance of being expert: the quest for cancer information on the Internet
resolves10.1080/713768551
'E-health': the internet and the transformation of patients into consumers and producers of health knowledge
resolves10.1186/1471-244x-3-19
Cross-sectional survey of users of Internet depression communities
resolves10.1136/bmj.328.7449.1166
Health related virtual communities and electronic support groups: systematic review of the effects of online peer to peer interactions
resolves10.1016/j.pec.2018.04.001
A cross sectional survey of the UK public to understand use of online ratings and reviews of health services
resolves10.2196/jmir.2240
Effectiveness of a Web-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Tool to Improve Mental Well-Being in the General Population: Randomized Controlled Trial
resolves10.2196/jmir.8598
Assessing the Efficacy of Mobile Health Apps Using the Basic Principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Systematic Review
resolves10.2196/jmir.8775
Beyond Adoption: A New Framework for Theorizing and Evaluating Nonadoption, Abandonment, and Challenges to the Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability of Health and Care Technologies
resolves10.1371/journal.pmed.1002689
Machine learning in medicine: Addressing ethical challenges
resolves10.2196/13659
Artificial Intelligence and the Implementation Challenge
resolves10.2196/10010
Artificial Intelligence Versus Clinicians in Disease Diagnosis: Systematic Review
resolves10.2196/12887
Physicians’ Perceptions of Chatbots in Health Care: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey
resolves10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433
I.—COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
resolves10.1056/NEJMp1109283
Shared Decision Making — The Pinnacle of Patient-Centered Care
resolves10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
resolves10.1257/jep.29.3.3
Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation
resolves10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001684
Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology
resolves10.1186/1472-6963-13-111
Using computer decision support systems in NHS emergency and urgent care: ethnographic study using normalisation process theory
resolves10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00325.x
Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organizations: Systematic Review and Recommendations
resolves10.1177/1357633X14529246
A study of automated self-assessment in a primary care student health centre setting
The 2 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAcademy of Medical Royal Colleges201901282019-10-16LondonArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare https://www.aomrc.org.uk/reports-guidance/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare/
no DOI — not checkedref17
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

checked 2026-08-21 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record

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