Reference health
A Preliminary Checklist (METRICS) to Standardize the Design and Reporting of Studies on Generative Artificial Intelligence–Based Models in Health Care Education and Practice: Development Study Involving a Literature Review
94/94 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-16
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 94 checked references that resolve
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ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns
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Integrating AI in medical education: embracing ethical usage and critical understanding
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The ChatGPT (Generative Artificial Intelligence) Revolution Has Made Artificial Intelligence Approachable for Medical Professionals
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War of the chatbots: Bard, Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Ernie and beyond. The new AI gold rush and its impact on higher education
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Investigating the Impact of User Trust on the Adoption and Use of ChatGPT: Survey Analysis
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User Intentions to Use ChatGPT for Self-Diagnosis and Health-Related Purposes: Cross-sectional Survey Study
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Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming the practice of medicine
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Assessing the Utility of ChatGPT Throughout the Entire Clinical Workflow: Development and Usability Study
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Performance of ChatGPT on UK Standardized Admission Tests: Insights From the BMAT, TMUA, LNAT, and TSA Examinations
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Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice
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A Future of Smarter Digital Health Empowered by Generative Pretrained Transformer
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A Framework of AI-Based Approaches to Improving eHealth Literacy and Combating Infodemic
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Examining Real-World Medication Consultations and Drug-Herb Interactions: ChatGPT Performance Evaluation
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Ethics and discrimination in artificial intelligence-enabled recruitment practices
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ChatGPT: these are not hallucinations – they’re fabrications and falsifications
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A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis of ChatGPT in the Medical Literature: Concise Review
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Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era
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ChatGPT: Exploring the Role of Cybersecurity in the Protection of Medical Information
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How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment
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ChatGPT Output Regarding Compulsory Vaccination and COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy: A Descriptive Study at the Outset of a Paradigm Shift in Online Search for Information
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ChatGPT Interactive Medical Simulations for Early Clinical Education: Case Study
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ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope
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AI-Powered Renal Diet Support: Performance of ChatGPT, Bard AI, and Bing Chat
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Efficacy of AI Chats to Determine an Emergency: A Comparison Between OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing AI Chat
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Can novel multimodal chatbots such as Bing Chat Enterprise, ChatGPT-4 Pro, and Google Bard correctly interpret electrocardiogram images?
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Navigating the Landscape of Personalized Medicine: The Relevance of ChatGPT, BingChat, and Bard AI in Nephrology Literature Searches
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Battle of the (Chat)Bots: Comparing Large Language Models to Practice Guidelines for Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prevention
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The Role of ChatGPT, Generative Language Models, and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Conversation With ChatGPT and a Call for Papers
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Prompt Engineering as an Important Emerging Skill for Medical Professionals: Tutorial
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ChatGPT vs Google for Queries Related to Dementia and Other Cognitive Decline: Comparison of Results
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The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
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Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies
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Evaluating the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing AI, and Bard Against Conventional Drug-Drug Interactions Clinical Tools
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Sailing the Seven Seas: A Multinational Comparison of ChatGPT’s Performance on Medical Licensing Examinations
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ChatGPT—A double‐edged sword for healthcare education? Implications for assessments of dental students
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ChatGPT Conquers the Saudi Medical Licensing Exam: Exploring the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Knowledge Assessment and Implications for Modern Medical Education
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Snakebite Advice and Counseling From Artificial Intelligence: An Acute Venomous Snakebite Consultation With ChatGPT
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Exploring the Possible Use of AI Chatbots in Public Health Education: Feasibility Study
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Assessing the utility of ChatGPT as an artificial intelligence‐based large language model for information to answer questions on myopia
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Assessment of ChatGPT’s performance on neurology written board examination questions
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Artificial Intelligence and Public Health: Evaluating ChatGPT Responses to Vaccination Myths and Misconceptions
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Evaluating ChatGPT's Ability to Solve Higher-Order Questions on the Competency-Based Medical Education Curriculum in Medical Biochemistry
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Evaluating the limits of AI in medical specialisation: ChatGPT’s performance on the UK Neurology Specialty Certificate Examination
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Performance of ChatGPT-4 in answering questions from the Brazilian National Examination for Medical Degree Revalidation
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GPT-4 Artificial Intelligence Model Outperforms ChatGPT, Medical Students, and Neurosurgery Residents on Neurosurgery Written Board-Like Questions
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Exploring ChatGPT’s Potential in Facilitating Adaptation of Clinical Guidelines: A Case Study of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Guidelines
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ChatGPT’s quiz skills in different otolaryngology subspecialties: an analysis of 2576 single-choice and multiple-choice board certification preparation questions
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The Capability of ChatGPT in Predicting and Explaining Common Drug-Drug Interactions
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ChatGPT encounters multiple opportunities and challenges in neurosurgery
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Large Language Models in Hematology Case Solving: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-3.5, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing
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Evaluating ChatGPT Performance on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination
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Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT-4 on the United Kingdom Medical Licensing Assessment
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Translating radiology reports into plain language using ChatGPT and GPT-4 with prompt learning: results, limitations, and potential
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ChatGPT performance in the medical specialty exam: An observational study
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Accuracy, Reliability, and Comprehensibility of ChatGPT-Generated Medical Responses for Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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ChatGPT applications in medical, dental, pharmacy, and public health education: A descriptive study highlighting the advantages and limitations
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Comparing the Efficacy of Large Language Models ChatGPT, BARD, and Bing AI in Providing Information on Rhinoplasty: An Observational Study
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Radiology: A Deep Dive Into ChatGPT 4.0's Accuracy with the American Journal of Neuroradiology's (AJNR) "Case of the Month"
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Reliability of Medical Information Provided by ChatGPT: Assessment Against Clinical Guidelines and Patient Information Quality Instrument
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Performance and exploration of ChatGPT in medical examination, records and education in Chinese: Pave the way for medical AI
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Performance of ChatGPT on the pharmacist licensing examination in Taiwan
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Evaluating ChatGPT responses in the context of a 53-year-old male with a femoral neck fracture: a qualitative analysis
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Recent advances in deep learning models: a systematic literature review
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ChatGPT-Generated Differential Diagnosis Lists for Complex Case–Derived Clinical Vignettes: Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation
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Suicide Risk Assessments Through the Eyes of ChatGPT-3.5 Versus ChatGPT-4: Vignette Study
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Performance of ChatGPT on the Peruvian National Licensing Medical Examination: Cross-Sectional Study
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Comparison of Diagnostic and Triage Accuracy of Ada Health and WebMD Symptom Checkers, ChatGPT, and Physicians for Patients in an Emergency Department: Clinical Data Analysis Study
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Assessment of Resident and AI Chatbot Performance on the University of Toronto Family Medicine Residency Progress Test: Comparative Study
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Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): What we know and what is left to attain Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence
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The Potential and Concerns of Using AI in Scientific Research: ChatGPT Performance Evaluation
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How can we manage biases in artificial intelligence systems – A systematic literature review
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Accuracy of ChatGPT on Medical Questions in the National Medical Licensing Examination in Japan: Evaluation Study
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Performance of the Large Language Model ChatGPT on the National Nurse Examinations in Japan: Evaluation Study
resolves10.7759/cureus.49373
Pilot Testing of a Tool to Standardize the Assessment of the Quality of Health Information Generated by Artificial Intelligence-Based Models
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Clinical Accuracy of Large Language Models and Google Search Responses to Postpartum Depression Questions: Cross-Sectional Study
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Large Language Models for Therapy Recommendations Across 3 Clinical Specialties: Comparative Study
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Trialling a Large Language Model (ChatGPT) in General Practice With the Applied Knowledge Test: Observational Study Demonstrating Opportunities and Limitations in Primary Care
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Assessing the Accuracy and Comprehensiveness of ChatGPT in Offering Clinical Guidance for Atopic Dermatitis and Acne Vulgaris
resolves10.2196/48978
Performance of ChatGPT on the Situational Judgement Test—A Professional Dilemmas–Based Examination for Doctors in the United Kingdom
resolves10.2196/51300
An AI Dietitian for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management Based on Large Language and Image Recognition Models: Preclinical Concept Validation Study
resolves10.2196/54704
A Preliminary Checklist (METRICS) to Standardize the Design and Reporting of Studies on Generative Artificial Intelligence–Based Models in Health Care Education and Practice: Development Study Involving a Literature Review
resolves10.3389/feduc.2023.1333415
Below average ChatGPT performance in medical microbiology exam compared to university students
resolves10.7759/cureus.50629
ChatGPT Performance in Diagnostic Clinical Microbiology Laboratory-Oriented Case Scenarios
The 6 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedChoudhuryAElkefiSTounsiAExploring factors influencing user perspective of ChatGPT as a technology that assists in healthcare decision making: A cross sectional survey studymedRxiv20232024-02-02https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.23299685v1.full
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedDoshiRAminKKhoslaPBajajSChheangSFormanHUtilizing Large Language Models to Simplify Radiology Reports: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT3.5, ChatGPT4.0, Google Bard, and Microsoft BingmedRxiv20232024-02-02https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.23290786v2
no DOI — not checkedref39
no DOI — not checkedCASP Qualitative Studies ChecklistCritical Appraisal Skills Programme2023-11-10https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
no DOI — not checkedref51
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