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Modeling Uncertainty in Latent Class Membership: A Case Study in Criminology

https://doi.org/10.2307/2669989
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1 of 23 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-27

At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.

14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

References needing attention

does not resolve to a known work10.1080/00401706.1992.10485228
The 22 checked references that resolve
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Calculation of Polychotomous Logistic Regression Parameters Using Individualized Regressions
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Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the <i>EM</i> Algorithm
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Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Substance Abuse
resolves10.1086/227905
Age and the Explanation of Crime
resolves10.2307/1143790
Are There Multiple Paths to Delinquency?
resolves10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
Bayes Factors
resolves10.1080/01621459.1995.10476592
A Reference Bayesian Test for Nested Hypotheses and its Relationship to the Schwarz Criterion
resolves10.1177/0049124196024004001
A Comparison of Poisson, Negative Binomial, and Semiparametric Mixed Poisson Regression Models
resolves10.1007/978-1-4757-5644-9
Latent Trait and Latent Class Models
resolves10.1214/aos/1176348772
Consistent Estimation of a Mixing Distribution
resolves10.1214/cbms/1462106013
Mixture Models
resolves10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy.
resolves10.1111/j.0006-341X.1999.00463.x
Finite Mixture Modeling with Mixture Outcomes Using the EM Algorithm
resolves10.1111/j.1745-9125.1995.tb01173.x
LIFE‐COURSE TRAJECTORIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OFFENDERS*
resolves10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01133.x
AGE, CRIMINAL CAREERS, AND POPULATION HETEROGENEITY: SPECIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF A NONPARAMETRIC, MIXED POISSON MODEL*
resolves10.1111/1467-8624.00086
Trajectories of Boys' Physical Aggression, Opposition, and Hyperactivity on the Path to Physically Violent and Nonviolent Juvenile Delinquency
resolves10.1016/0047-259X(88)90137-6
Maximum likelihood principle and model selection when the true model is unspecified
resolves10.1137/1026034
Mixture Densities, Maximum Likelihood and the EM Algorithm
resolves10.1080/01621459.1997.10474044
Practical Bayesian Density Estimation Using Mixtures of Normals
resolves10.1177/0011128793039003010
Crime in the Making
resolves10.1214/aos/1176344136
Estimating the Dimension of a Model
resolves10.1017/CBO9780511802256
Asymptotic Statistics
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedClogg , C. C. 1995 . “Latent Class Models,” . In Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences , Edited by: Arminger , G. , Clogg , C. C. and Sobel , M. E. New York : Plenum .
no DOI — not checkedFarrington , D. P. 1986 . “Stepping Stones to Adult Criminal Careers,” . In Development of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior , Edited by: Olweus , D. , Block , J. and Yarrow , M. R. New York : Academic Press .
no DOI — not checkedFarrington , D. P. and West , D. J. 1990 . “The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development: A Prospective Longitudinal Survey of 411 Males,” . In Criminality: Personality, Behavior and Life History , Edited by: Kerner , H. and Kaiser , G. New York : Springer-Verlag .
no DOI — not checkedGhosh , J. K. and Sen , P. K. “On the Asymptotic Performance of the Log-Likelihood Ratio Statistic for the Mixture Model and Related Results,” . Proceedings of the Berkeley Conference in Honor of Jerzy Neyman and Jack Kiefer . Edited by: Le Cam , L. M. and Olshen , R. A. pp. 789 – 806 . Belmont , CA : Wadsworth .
no DOI — not checkedGreene , W. H. 1997 . LIMDEP User's Manual , Bellport , NY : Econometric Software, Inc. .
no DOI — not checkedJeffreys , H. 1961 . Theory of Probability, , 3rd ed. , London : Oxford University Press .
no DOI — not checkedJones , R. , Nagin , D. S. and Roeder , K. “A SAS Procedure Based on Mixture Models for Estimating Developmental Trajectories,” . In Sociological Methods and Research (in press)
no DOI — not checkedKeribin , C. 1998 . “Consistent Estimation of the Order of Mixture Models,” , Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Laboratorie Anlyse et Probabilité . Working paper 61
no DOI — not checkedLoeber , R. and LeBlanc , M. 1990 . “Toward a Developmental Criminology,” . In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research , Edited by: Tonry , M. and Morris , N. Vol. 12 , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
no DOI — not checkedLoeber , R. and Stouthamer-Loeber , M. “Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Deliquency” . Crime and Justice , 7
no DOI — not checkedRaftery , A. E. 1995 . “Bayesian Model Selection in Social Research” . In Sociological Methodology , Edited by: Marsden , P. V. Cambridge , MA : Blackwell . (with discussion)
no DOI — not checkedRost , J. and Langeheine , R. 1997 . Applications of Latent Trait and Latent Class Models in the Social Sciences , New York : Waxmann .
no DOI — not checkedSampson , R. J. and Laub , J. H. 1991 . “Crime and Deviance Over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds” . American Sociological Review , 55 : 608 – 627 .
no DOI — not checkedWilson , J. Q. and Herrnstein , R. 1985 . Crime and Human Nature , New York : Simon and Shuster .
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