Reference health
Crime Rates and Legal Sanctions
2 of 23 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-29
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
12 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.2307/1029443
does not resolve to a known work10.2307/1028395
The 21 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2307/2086309
The Deterrent Influence of Corporal Punishment upon Prisoners Who Have Been Whipped
The 12 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe Sociology of Social Problems
no DOI — not checkedr44
no DOI — not checkedThe Effectiveness of a Prison and Parole System
no DOI — not checkedPenal Philosophy
no DOI — not checkedDonald R. Cressey, "Crime," in RobertK. Merton and Robert A. Nisbet, editors,Contemporary Social Problems, Chicago:Harcourt, 1966, pp. 136-192.CresseyCrime136Contemporary Social Problems1966
no DOI — not checkedSee Quinn McNemar, PsychologicalStatistics, New York: Wiley, 1955, pp. 149-150McNemar149Psychological Statistics1955
no DOI — not checkedSocial Behavior: Its Elementary Forms
no DOI — not checkedBandura and Walters, op. cit.
no DOI — not checkedLemert, op. cit.
no DOI — not checkedSocial Theory and Social Structure
no DOI — not checkedA Theory of Social Control
no DOI — not checkedPuttkammer, op. cit.
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-29 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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