Reference health

Dynamic Evolution of Antimicrobial Peptides Underscores Trade-Offs Between Immunity and Ecological Fitness

https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02620
CiteStamped reference-health badge
78/78 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

1 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 78 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.017
Antimicrobial peptides
resolves10.5114/pdia.2015.48066
The role of antimicrobial peptides in chronic inflammatory skin diseases
resolves10.1016/j.crohns.2013.05.006
Human colonic mucus is a reservoir for antimicrobial peptides
resolves10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.028
Antimicrobial Defense of the Intestine
resolves10.1007/s40121-013-0015-5
The Role of Human Beta-Defensin-2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pulmonary Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
resolves10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81895-4
Human β-Defensin-1 Is a Salt-Sensitive Antibiotic in Lung That Is Inactivated in Cystic Fibrosis
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.0803959
LL-37 Complexation with Glycosaminoglycans in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Inhibits Antimicrobial Activity, Which Can Be Restored by Hypertonic Saline
resolves10.1183/09031936.00080806
Release of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 from DNA/F-actin bundles in cystic fibrosis sputum
resolves10.1126/scitranslmed.aav3879
Inhaled corticosteroid suppression of cathelicidin drives dysbiosis and bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
resolves10.1128/AAC.01310-08
The Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Selectively Permeabilizes Apoptotic Leukocytes
resolves10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.003
Human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 induces glial-mediated neuroinflammation
resolves10.1007/s00005-015-0359-5
The Role of Cathelicidin LL-37 in Cancer Development
resolves10.3233/JAD-171133
Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β is an Antimicrobial Peptide: A Review of the Evidence
resolves10.1126/sciadv.aau3333
<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in Alzheimer’s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0009505
The Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Amyloid β-Protein Is an Antimicrobial Peptide
resolves10.1073/pnas.1306220110
Dnr1 mutations cause neurodegeneration in <i>Drosophila</i> by activating the innate immune response in the brain
resolves10.1002/arch.21464
Overexpression of antimicrobial peptides contributes to aging through cytotoxic effects in <i>Drosophila</i> tissues
resolves10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.007
NF-κB Immunity in the Brain Determines Fly Lifespan in Healthy Aging and Age-Related Neurodegeneration
resolves10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141615
The Host Defense of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
resolves10.1371/journal.ppat.1004876
An Effector Peptide Family Required for Drosophila Toll-Mediated Immunity
resolves10.1159/000489831
Short-Form Bomanins Mediate Humoral Immunity in &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
resolves10.1098/rstb.2015.0291
The potential for adaptive maintenance of diversity in insect antimicrobial peptides
resolves10.1093/gbe/evz191
Balancing Selection Drives the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in Drosophila Antimicrobial Peptides
resolves10.1186/s12862-016-0805-y
Immune genes and divergent antimicrobial peptides in flies of the subgenus Drosophila
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.063
Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila
resolves10.1007/s00239-004-0053-4
Birth-and-Death Evolution of the Cecropin Multigene Family in Drosophila
resolves10.1534/genetics.105.045435
The Evolution of Antifungal Peptides in Drosophila
resolves10.1038/ng.2007.60
Dynamic evolution of the innate immune system in Drosophila
resolves10.1093/gbe/evr023
Copy-Number Variation: The Balance between Gene Dosage and Expression in Drosophila melanogaster
resolves10.1086/378157
Extensive Normal Copy Number Variation of a β-Defensin Antimicrobial-Gene Cluster
resolves10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.06.003
Human defensin gene copy number polymorphisms: Comprehensive analysis of independent variation in α- and β-defensin regions at 8p22–p23
resolves10.3389/fimmu.2015.00115
An Evolutionary History of Defensins: A Role for Copy Number Variation in Maximizing Host Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
resolves10.1073/pnas.1519374113
Bovine <i>NK-lysin</i> : Copy number variation and functional diversification
resolves10.1016/j.cois.2018.12.007
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics of host–pathogen interactions in insects: evolutionary insights and future directions
resolves10.1186/gb-2010-11-2-r21
Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum
resolves10.1093/molbev/msv093
Comparative Genomics Reveals the Origins and Diversity of Arthropod Immune Systems
resolves10.1098/rspb.2017.0401
<i>Tetranychus urticae</i> mites do not mount an induced immune response against bacteria
resolves10.1038/ncomms10165
Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome
resolves10.1098/rspb.2010.1563
How the insect immune system interacts with an obligate symbiotic bacterium
resolves10.1016/j.crvi.2018.03.005
Endosymbiosis as a source of immune innovation
resolves10.1093/molbev/msx116
TimeTree: A Resource for Timelines, Timetrees, and Divergence Times
resolves10.1371/journal.pbio.1002078
Numerous Transitions of Sex Chromosomes in Diptera
resolves10.1007/s00427-009-0281-0
Extremely small genomes in two unrelated dipteran insects with shared early developmental traits
resolves10.1080/11956860.2000.11682614
Flowering phenology and seed predation by a tephritid fly: Escape of seeds in time and space
resolves10.1007/BF00345697
Breeding site specificity in the domestic species of Drosophila
resolves10.7554/eLife.06793
The secret lives of Drosophila flies
resolves10.1007/BF02424469
Genetics of food preference inDrosophila sechellia
resolves10.1093/gbe/evu012
Evolution of a Cellular Immune Response in Drosophila: A Phenotypic and Genomic Comparative Analysis
resolves10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.027
A phylogenetic examination of host use evolution in the quinaria and testacea groups of Drosophila
resolves10.7554/eLife.44341
Synergy and remarkable specificity of antimicrobial peptides in vivo using a systematic knockout approach
resolves10.1371/journal.pgen.1007440
Antimicrobial peptides modulate long-term memory
resolves10.1006/bbrc.2000.3988
Expression and Evolution of the Drosophila Attacin/Diptericin Gene Family
resolves10.1074/jbc.M313608200
Primary Structure and in Vitro Antibacterial Properties of the Drosophila melanogaster Attacin C Pro-domain
resolves10.1099/ijs.0.000117-0
Providencia sneebia sp. nov. and Providencia burhodogranariea sp. nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster
resolves10.1038/nature10811
The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel
resolves10.1093/molbev/msw195
A Thousand Fly Genomes: An Expanded <i>Drosophila</i> Genome Nexus
resolves10.1111/ele.12761
Community structure of the gut microbiota in sympatric species of wild <i>Drosophila</i>
resolves10.1099/jmm.0.45846-0
Importance of Providencia species as a major cause of travellers’ diarrhoea
resolves10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v107.i1.12002
Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri in a tertiary hospital
resolves10.1101/sqb.2009.74.045
Measuring Natural Selection on Genotypes and Phenotypes in the Wild
resolves10.1371/journal.pgen.1007612
Parallel clinal variation in the mid-day siesta of Drosophila melanogaster implicates continent-specific targets of natural selection
resolves10.1016/j.tig.2015.05.006
Revisiting classic clines in Drosophila melanogaster in the age of genomics
resolves10.1097/MOG.0b013e328136c580
Defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in inflammatory bowel disease
resolves10.2174/138920312804871139
Direct and Indirect Antimicrobial Activities of Neuropeptides and their Therapeutic Potential
resolves10.2741/s339
Antimicrobial peptides in the brain neuropeptides and amyloid
resolves10.1038/ni1209
The nervous system and innate immunity: the neuropeptide connection
resolves10.1097/NEN.0b013e31825018f7
Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature
resolves10.3233/JAD-170223
Evidence that the Human Innate Immune Peptide LL-37 may be a Binding Partner of Amyloid-β and Inhibitor of Fibril Assembly
resolves10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023924
Reproduction–Immunity Trade-Offs in Insects
resolves10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x
Trade‐offs in evolutionary immunology: just what is the cost of immunity?
resolves10.1371/journal.ppat.0030158
Contrasting Infection Strategies in Generalist and Specialist Wasp Parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster
resolves10.1098/rspb.2002.1959
Bateman's principle and immunity
resolves10.1093/sysbio/syq010
New Algorithms and Methods to Estimate Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies: Assessing the Performance of PhyML 3.0
resolves10.7554/eLife.46440
Host-pathogen coevolution increases genetic variation in susceptibility to infection
resolves10.1101/383877
The genome of <i>Drosophila innubila</i> reveals lineage-specific patterns of selection in immune genes
resolves10.1111/jeb.13089
X chromosome drive in a widespread Palearctic woodland fly, <i>Drosophila testacea</i>
resolves10.1371/journal.pgen.1004775
Genomic Evidence of Rapid and Stable Adaptive Oscillations over Seasonal Time Scales in Drosophila
resolves10.1371/journal.pgen.1005030
The Complex Contributions of Genetics and Nutrition to Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster
The 1 reference without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedSuttonGG StrausbergR KirknessEF HaasBJ SunW BraigHR 20566863Genome Sequences of the Human Body Louse and Its Primary Endosymbiont Provide Insights into the Permanent Parasitic Lifestyle.2010
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

checked 2026-07-22 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record

Embed this badge

Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.

<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02620"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02620/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[![CiteStamped reference-health badge](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02620/badge.svg)](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02620)