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Energy, Entropy, Constraints, and Creativity in Economic Growth and Crises
46/46 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-21
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 46 checked references that resolve
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On Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's contributions to economics: an obituary essay
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The Impact of Entropy Production and Emission Mitigation on Economic Growth
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Energy in Growth Accounting and the Aggregation of Capital and Output
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How energy conversion drives economic growth far from the equilibrium of neoclassical economics
resolves10.1007/s41247-017-0027-y
Economic Growth in the USA and Germany 1960–2013: The Underestimated Role of Energy
resolves10.3390/en10010051
Energy Rebound as a Potential Threat to a Low-Carbon Future: Findings from a New Exergy-Based National-Level Rebound Approach
resolves10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0663:TNTRTN]2.0.CO;2
The Need to Reintegrate the Natural Sciences with Economics
resolves10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106464
An integrated biophysical and economic modeling framework for long-term sustainability analysis: the HARMONEY model
resolves10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121420
Historical evolution of global inequality in carbon emissions and footprints versus redistributive scenarios
resolves10.1038/nclimate2867
Multiple carbon accounting to support just and effective climate policies
resolves10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111726
An ecological macroeconomics model: The energy transition in the EU
The 50 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThat was a much better treatment than the one proposed by the abolished Morgenthau Plan: To transform Germany into an agrarian state.
no DOI — not checkedR.K., see also [10] (p. XI).
no DOI — not checkedReif, F. (1965). Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, McGraw-Hill.
no DOI — not checkedMeadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J., and Behrens, W.W. (1972). The Limits to Growth, Universe Books.
no DOI — not checkedWatts (W) measure energy per unit time. The BP Statistical Review 2019, p. 8, shows that 13,864.9 MtOE were consumed in the 8760 h of 2018. 1tOE = 11,630 kWh. According to p. 9 of this statistic the shares of the different primary energy carriers in 2018 world energy consumption are: Oil 33.6%, Natural gas 23.8%, Coal 27.2%, Nuclear energy 4.4%, Hydro electricity 6.8%, Renewables 4.0%.
no DOI — not checkedvan Gool, W., and Bruggink, J.J.C. (1985). Energy and Time in the Economic and Physical Sciences, North-Holland.
no DOI — not checkedThe entropy law and the economic process in retrospect
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no DOI — not checkedKluge, G., and Neugebauer, G. (1993). Grundlagen der Thermodynamik, Spektrum Fachverlag.
no DOI — not checkedIn agrarian societies the factor capital includes hand tools, means of transportation moved by muscle power, water and wind, and buildings to accommodate people, animals, vehicles and tools; the factor land sustains the plants, which by photosynthesis absorb solar energy and convert it into food for humans and animals and wood for construction and fire.
no DOI — not checkedThe economics of resources or the resources of economics
no DOI — not checkedAggrandizement of land is no growth option in times of peace with fixed borders.
no DOI — not checkedIn 2013 the G7 countries had a share of 11 percent of global population and of 33 percent of global domestic product (adjusted for purchasing power) [30].
no DOI — not checkedO’Donnel, D. (2015). G7 in Figures, Statistisches Bundesamt.
no DOI — not checkedAn intercountry translog model of energy substitution responses
no DOI — not checkedEngineering and econometric interpretations of energy–capital complementarity
no DOI — not checkedThe role of energy in productivity growth
no DOI — not checkedExplanation of declining productivity growth
no DOI — not checkedHerman Daly [40] has summarized the studies of the renowned economists Nordhaus [41], Beckermann [42] and Schelling [43] on the economic impact of climate change, assuming that climate change only concerns agriculture. Since that sector contributed less than 3% to the GDP of the USA in 1992, they concluded that even a drastic decline of agricultural production should only result in small losses of welfare.
no DOI — not checkedNordhaus, W. (1991). Science, 1206, Available online: http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue78/Daly78.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedBeckermann, W. (1997). Small is Stupid, Duckworth.
no DOI — not checkedThe precise definition of output elasticities is in the Mathematical Appendix, Section 8.
no DOI — not checkedQuantum computers still have a long way to go.
no DOI — not checkedD.I. Stern [52] modified Solow’s growth model by adding an energy input. He described gross output by a function that “embeds a Cobb-Douglas function of capital (K) and labor (L) in a CES function of value added and energy (E).” The embedded Cobb-Douglas function weighs capital and labor with their cost shares. Time-dependent augmentation indices of labor and energy take care of changes in factor quality and technology. But gross output is the sum of GDP plus intermediate consumption. As a rule, the theory of economic growth considers GDP.
no DOI — not checkedConceptual objections against macroeconomic production functions such as the ones raised by Joan Robinson [54,55] in the “Cambridge controversy” have been dealt with in [10,31] by defining output and capital in terms of work performance and information processing and relating this to monetary units. In biophysical energy-dependent production functions the production factors are the ones actually used by the economic actors. These inputs are not those of neoclassical production possibility frontiers, where the degree of factor use is per definition 100 percent.
no DOI — not checkedThe production function’s implicit time dependence via the time dependence of K(t), L(t), E(t) is not indicated in Y(K, L, E; t) for notational simplicity.
no DOI — not checkedConstant returns to scale implies that the output of two identical production systems is twice the output of one of these systems.
no DOI — not checkedSamuelson, P.A. (1976). Economics, MacGraw-Hill Kogagusha LTD.. [10th ed.]. International Student Edition.
no DOI — not checkedProcedimiento de optimizacion no lineal para la cuantificacion del aporte de la energia electrica en el crecimiento economico colombiano, 1925–1997
no DOI — not checkedThis was the first negative oil-price shock for the oil-producing countries. The Soviet Union never recovered from it.
no DOI — not checkedEichhorn, W., and Solte, D. (2009). Das Kartenhaus Weltfinanzsystem, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.
no DOI — not checkedAtkinson, A.B., Rainwater, L., and Smeeding, T.M. (1995). Income Distribition in OECD Countries—Evidence from the Luxembourg Income Study, OECD.
no DOI — not checkedShah, A. (2020, October 02). Poverty Facts and Stats. Global Issues. Available online: http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats.
no DOI — not checkedThe decrease of inequality in energy consumption during the first decade of the 21st century also shows in the increase of the global average of energy consumption from 2 kW/capita in 2004 [10] (p. 61) to 2.5 kW/capita in 2010 [70] (Figure 3, left panel).
no DOI — not checkedNISA, and JNES (2020, October 02). The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Pacific Earthquake and the Seismic Damage to the NPPs. Available online: www.webcitation.org/5xuhLD1j7.
no DOI — not checkedGesellschaft für Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) (2020, October 06). Fukushima Daiichi 11. März 2011: Unfallablauf, Radiologische Folgen, 2. Aufl. GRS, Köln. Available online: https://www.grs.de/sites/default/files/pdf/GRS-S-53op1.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedWhen assessing German CO2-emissions one should keep in mind that the official numbers, e.g., 13.2 tons per person and year in 2011, are calculated from the emissions produced within the country. If one adds the emission caused by the production of the goods and services imported by and consumed in Germany, the number increases to 18.3 t. For comparison, the corresponding emissions in the USA are 23.5 t as per production principle, and 27.9 t as per consumption principle [76].
no DOI — not checkedSection 2, ref. 11.
no DOI — not checked(2020, October 06). Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen, Stand August 2018, AGEE-Stat.; Stand Ende 2018: AGEB, Energieverbrauch in Deutschland, Tabelle 14, AGEE-Stat. Available online: https://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/.
no DOI — not checkedNationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina (2010). Bioenergie—Möglichkeiten und Grenzen, Kurzfassung und Empfehlungen; Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.
no DOI — not checkedwww.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2017/10/the-opportunities-of-solar-panel-recycling.
no DOI — not checkedPaech, N. (2020, October 06). Liberation from Excess —The Road to a Post-Growth Economy. oekom verlag München, 2. Auflage. Available online: https://www.oekom.de/buch/liberation-from-excess-9783865813244.
no DOI — not checkedGlaser, P.E. (1973). Method and Apparatus for Converting Solar Radiation to Electrical Power. (3,781,647), U.S. Patent.
no DOI — not checkedBoeing Aerospace, Co. (1976). System’s Definition—Space Based Power Conversion Systems, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA, MSFC, Contract NAS8-31628, Fourth Performance Briefing.
no DOI — not checkedUS Department of Energy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1979). Satellite Power System, Reference System Report, October 1978, DOE/ER-0023.
no DOI — not checkedDiaz, F.C., and Seedhouse, E. (2017). To Mars and Beyond, Fast! Springer Praxis Books, Springer International Publishing.
no DOI — not checkedO’Neill, G.K. (1977). The High Frontier—Human Colonies in Space, William Morrow & Co.
no DOI — not checkedThe low (profile) road to space manufacturing
no DOI — not checkedGrey, J., and Hamdan, L.A. (1981, January 18–21). Space Manufacturing 4. Proceedings of the Fifth Princeton/AIAA Conference, Princeton, NJ, USA.
no DOI — not checkedA publication of scholars, who work in a program of investigating the role of energy and exergy in economic growth, interpreted the LinEx function’s linear dependence on E and exponential dependence on quotients of K,L,E as meaning that energy E is the only real factor of production. The exponential was understood as being just a function of time t, because the factors vary in time. In our resulting discussion with the colleagues via e-mail, in which the difference between explicit and implicit time dependence was explained, they raised the question under which conditions energy-dependent production functions will depend linearly on L, or on K, and exponentially on the factor quotients. The two paragraphs that contain Equations (11) and (12) give the general answer to this question. Special, explicit answers are presented elsewhere (in “Energie, Entropie, Kreativität”, Springer Spektrum, 2018).
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