Reference health

Lead (Pb) Exposure Enhances Expression of Factors Associated with Inflammation

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061813
CiteStamped reference-health badge
115/115 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-24

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

21 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 115 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1038/372739a0
A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis
resolves10.1080/10408440500534297
Lead and Immune Function
resolves10.3390/ijms17122140
Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
resolves10.1038/sj.embor.7401099
Interleukin 2: from immunostimulation to immunoregulation and back again
resolves10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00690.x
IL-4: role in disease and regulation of production
resolves10.1016/j.taap.2005.09.016
Below background levels of blood lead impact cytokine levels in male and female mice
resolves10.1016/0014-5793(92)80909-Z
Interleukin‐8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine
resolves10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4843
The Interleukin-8 Pathway in Cancer
resolves10.1002/tox.21909
Pb<sup>2+</sup> induced IL‐8 gene expression by extracellular signal‐regulated kinases and the transcription factor, activator protein 1, in human gastric carcinoma cells
resolves10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.018
Thrombin-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8/CXCL8 release is mediated by c-Src-dependent Shc, Raf-1, and ERK pathways in lung epithelial cells
resolves10.1189/jlb.72.5.847
Multiple control of interleukin-8 gene expression
resolves10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.017
Divalent lead cations induce cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by epidermal growth factor receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in A431carcinoma cells
resolves10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.004
Involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in Pb2+-induced activation of cPLA2/COX-2 genes and PGE2 production in vascular smooth muscle cells
resolves10.1186/1471-2164-13-344
Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells
resolves10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.211011
Lead Contributes to Arterial Intimal Hyperplasia Through Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor–Mediated Endothelial Interleukin 8 Synthesis and Subsequent Invasion of Smooth Muscle Cells
resolves10.1089/ars.2005.7.385
Molecular Mechanisms Activating the Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway of Antioxidant Gene Regulation
resolves10.1089/107999099313866
Regulation of Interleukin-8 Gene Expression
resolves10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.009
Leptin and IL-8: Two novel cytokines screened out in childhood lead exposure
resolves10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014
Cytokines and chemokines: At the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease
resolves10.1006/brbi.2001.0641
Neonatal Lead Exposure Potentiates Sickness Behavior Induced by Listeria monocytogenes Infection of Mice
resolves10.1093/toxsci/57.1.87
The Efficiency of Maternal Transfer of Lead and Its Influence on Plasma IgE and Splenic Cellularity of Mice
resolves10.1002/jbt.20358
Central nervous system cytokine gene expression: Modulation by lead
resolves10.1016/S1043-4666(03)00120-0
Expression of cytokines by multipotent neural progenitor cells
resolves10.1080/009841098159222
DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 IN THE BRAIN AND SPLEEN OF MICE TREATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF LEAD
resolves10.1038/srep24251
MHC-class-II are expressed in a subpopulation of human neural stem cells in vitro in an IFNγ–independent fashion and during development
resolves10.1016/S0300-483X(97)00107-8
Effects of occupational lead and cadmium exposure on some immunoregulatory cytokine levels in man
resolves10.1006/taap.1996.0108
Lead Differentially Modifies Cytokine Productionin Vitroandin Vivo
resolves10.1006/taap.1997.8308
Interleukin-12 Promotes Enhanced Resistance toInfection of Lead-Exposed Mice
resolves10.1093/toxsci/42.2.129
Developmental Exposure to Lead Causes Persistent Immunotoxicity in Fischer 344 Rats
resolves10.1093/toxsci/kfl182
Posttranscriptional Inhibition of Interferon-Gamma Production by Lead
resolves10.1007/s10616-013-9626-7
The influence of drinking-water pollution with heavy metal on the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ in mice by real-time polymerase chain reaction
resolves10.1002/jlb.59.6.932
The heavy metal lead modulates the expression of both TNF-α and TNF-α receptors in lipopolysaccharide-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
resolves10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42188-0
Lead activation of protein kinase C from rat brain. Determination of free calcium, lead, and zinc by 19F NMR.
resolves10.1038/372560a0
Decreased sensitivity to tumour-necrosis factor but normal T-cell development in TNF receptor-2-deficient mice
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.155.4.2005
Differences in the shedding of soluble TNF receptors between endotoxin-sensitive and endotoxin-resistant mice in response to lipopolysaccharide or live bacterial challenge
resolves10.1073/pnas.87.24.9769
Human tumor necrosis factor alpha gene regulation by virus and lipopolysaccharide.
resolves10.1289/ehp.8550
Lead Increases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury through Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Overexpression by Monocytes/Macrophages: Role of Protein Kinase C and p42/44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
resolves10.3109/08923978909005373
Role of Tumour Necrosis Factor in the Enhanced Sensitivity of Mice to Endotoxin After Exposure to Lead
resolves10.1016/0008-8749(89)90087-7
A flow cytometric and immunofluorescence microscopic study of tumor necrosis factor production and localization in human monocytes
resolves10.1007/BF03402207
The 55-kD Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and CD95 Independently Signal Murine Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Subsequent Liver Failure
resolves10.1053/jhep.2003.50011
Dominant negative MORT1/FADD rescues mice from CD95 and TNF-induced liver failure
resolves10.1016/S0165-2478(96)02642-9
ICE-protease inhibitors block murine liver injury and apoptosis caused by CD95 or by TNF-α
resolves10.1152/ajpcell.00228.2003
PKCϵ is involved in JNK activation that mediates LPS-induced TNF-α, which induces apoptosis in macrophages
resolves10.1042/bj3020723
Structure of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene
resolves10.1074/jbc.270.42.24965
Transcriptional Regulation of Human Prostaglandin-endoperoxide Synthase-2 Gene by Lipopolysaccharide and Phorbol Ester in Vascular Endothelial Cells
resolves10.1074/jbc.M003894200
Sp1 Increases Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Hypoxic Vascular Endothelium
resolves10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.005
MAPK pathway activation by chronic lead-exposure increases vascular reactivity through oxidative stress/cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathways
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.35.1.68
Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Angiotensin II in Cultured Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
resolves10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.012
Sodium arsenite induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human uroepithelial cells through MAPK pathway activation and reactive oxygen species induction
resolves10.1002/tox.21976
Function of DNA methyltransferase 3a in lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>)‐Induced <i>Cyclooxygenase‐2</i> gene
resolves10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00035-7
Mammalian arachidonate 15-lipoxygenases
resolves10.1016/j.cyto.2005.02.004
Gene expression alterations of human peripheral blood monocytes induced by medium-term treatment with the TH2-cytokines interleukin-4 and -13
resolves10.1073/pnas.89.1.217
Specific inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression of human monocyte 15-lipoxygenase.
resolves10.1016/j.plipres.2010.10.005
Functional and pathological roles of the 12- and 15-lipoxygenases
resolves10.1016/j.plefa.2007.08.001
The two faces of the 15-lipoxygenase in atherosclerosis
resolves10.1074/jbc.M109.000901
Dual 12/15- and 5-Lipoxygenase Deficiency in Macrophages Alters Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Attenuates Peritonitis and Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knock-out Mice
resolves10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00031-X
Prostaglandins and other lipid mediators in Alzheimer’s disease
resolves10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00465.x
Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease
resolves10.1006/enrs.2002.4338
Metals and Women's Health
resolves10.1016/0891-5849(94)00159-H
Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions
resolves10.2174/1568026013394831
Toxic Metals and Oxidative Stress Part I: Mechanisms Involved in Me-tal induced Oxidative Damage
resolves10.1093/aje/kwr375
Relation of Blood Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Levels to Biomarkers of Lipid Peroxidation in Premenopausal Women
resolves10.1016/j.envres.2009.12.008
A population-based assessment of blood lead levels in relation to inflammation
resolves10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.024
Assessment of semen function and lipid peroxidation among lead exposed men
resolves10.1177/0748233708098127
Lead-induced oxidative stress adversely affects health of the occupational workers
resolves10.1007/s12011-012-9490-x
The Effect of Occupational Lead Exposure on Blood Levels of Zinc, Iron, Copper, Selenium and Related Proteins
resolves10.1126/science.172.3987.1031
Lead Suppression of Mouse Resistance to <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>
resolves10.1289/ehp.747113
Lead Aggravates Viral Disease and Represses the Antiviral Activity of Interferon Inducers
resolves10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.003011
The Role of Protein Tyrosine Kinases and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in T Cell Antigen Receptor Signal Transduction
resolves10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.002325
Signal Transduction by the B Cell Antigen Receptor and its Coreceptors
resolves10.1016/0167-5699(95)80140-5
T-cell activation: integration of signals from the antigen receptor and costimulatory molecules
resolves10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb26646.x
Inositol Trisphosphate and Calcium Signaling
resolves10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.005145
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION BETWEEN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS OF T LYMPHOCYTES
resolves10.1016/S0022-3565(24)38011-5
Lead Stimulates Lymphocyte Proliferation Through Enhanced T Cell-B Cell Interaction
resolves10.1016/0006-8993(89)91680-6
Effect of lead on intracellular free calcium ion concentration in a presynaptic neuronal model: 19F-NMR study of NG108-15 cells
resolves10.1016/0006-8993(93)90422-J
Lead increases inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate levels but does not interfere with calcium transients in primary rat astrocytes
resolves10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151
G PROTEINS: TRANSDUCERS OF RECEPTOR-GENERATED SIGNALS
resolves10.1007/s004200050330
Expression of lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine serum levels, and blood and urinary trace elements in asymptomatic atopic men exposed to an urban environment
resolves10.1016/S0024-3205(96)00669-8
Effects of chromium on lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins from normal population and exposed workers
resolves10.1016/0272-0590(87)90136-9
Effect of different levels and periods of lead exposure on tissue levels and excretion of lead, zinc, and calcium in the rat
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.145.2.671
The heavy metal lead exhibits B cell-stimulatory factor activity by enhancing B cell Ia expression and differentiation.
resolves10.1016/0041-008X(91)90129-3
Lead, a major environmental pollutant, is immunomodulatory by its differential effects on CD4+ T cell subsets
resolves10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<349::AID-AJIM16>3.0.CO;2-Z
Effects of lead on immune parameters in occupationally exposed workers
resolves10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00091-X
Effect of lead exposure on the immune response of some occupationally exposed individuals
resolves10.3109/08923979709046980
Simultaneous Effects of Lead and Cadmium on NK Cell Activity and Some Phenotypic Parameters
resolves10.1016/S0887-2333(99)00089-2
The immunomodulatory effect(s) of lead and cadmium on the cells of immune system in vitro
resolves10.1189/jlb.71.3.417
Enhanced proinflammatory response to endotoxin after priming of macrophages with lead ions
resolves10.1128/iai.31.1.136-143.1981
In vivo and in vitro effects of lead on humoral and cell-mediated immunity
resolves10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.009
Lead ions abrogate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric monoxide toxicity by reducing the expression of STAT1 and iNOS
resolves10.1182/blood.V95.12.3823.012k07_3823_3831
LPS induces apoptosis in macrophages mostly through the autocrine production of TNF-α
resolves10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01885.x
Effect of arsenic, cadmium and lead on the induction of apoptosis of normal human mononuclear cells
resolves10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00232-8
Lead nitrate induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages from rat lung
resolves10.1002/jbt.21572
Lead Modulation of Macrophages Causes Multiorgan Detrimental Health Effects
resolves10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.001
Lead effects on development and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells promote Th2 immune responses
resolves10.1007/978-1-60761-401-2_19
Dendritic Cells in Immunotoxicity Testing
resolves10.1002/eji.1830271141
Dendritic cells differently respond to haptens and irritants by their production of cytokines and expression of co‐stimulatory molecules
resolves10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00090-7
Influence of exposure to environmental lead on serum immunoglobulin in preschool children
resolves10.1080/009841000156556
SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND LYMPHOCYTE SUBSET DISTRIBUTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS LIVING IN COMMUNITIES ASSESSED FOR LEAD AND CADMIUM EXPOSURE
resolves10.3109/01480545.2013.866133
Lead exposure affects inflammatory mediators, total and differential white blood cells in sensitized guinea pigs during and after sensitization
resolves10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.029
Advances in mechanisms of allergic disease in 2016
resolves10.1006/cimm.1997.1160
In Vivothe Environmental Pollutants Lead and Mercury Induce Oligoclonal T Cell Responses Skewed toward Type-2 Reactivities
resolves10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00061-7
A pilot survey of blood lead levels in various types of workers in the United Arab Emirates
resolves10.5812/ircmj.4134
Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Testes in Lead Exposed Workers
resolves10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.025
Tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin; and lung inflammation in guinea pigs exposed to inhaled lead after sensitization
resolves10.2174/1871529X11313010005
The Effect of Lead Exposure on Selected Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Guinea pigs
resolves10.1097/00005344-199706000-00017
Detection of Endothelin Receptors in Human Coronary Artery Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells But Not Endothelial Cells by Using Electron Microscope Autoradiography
resolves10.1681/ASN.V1271359
Endothelin-1 Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Via Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cell Transcription Factor in Glomerular Mesangial Cells
resolves10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00657-0
Endothelin-1 induced proinflammatory markers in the myocardium and leukocytes of guinea-pigs Role of glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptors
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.88.3.1166
Effect of endothelin-1 on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and perfused heart.
resolves10.1016/0304-3940(93)90432-K
Endothelin induction of adhesion molecule expression on human brain microvascular endothelial cells
resolves10.1097/00003246-199501000-00009
Endothelin-1 increases intracellular calcium in human monocytes and causes production of interleukin-6
resolves10.1093/ajh/6.9.723
Lead-Induced Hypertension: Possible Role of Endothelial Factors
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.30.6.1487
Lead-Induced Hypertension
resolves10.1006/enrs.1994.1023
Effect of Chelation Treatment with Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) on Lead-Related Blood Pressure Changes
The 21 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s) (2017, September 01). CERCLA Priority List of Most Hazardous Substances, Available online: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla.
no DOI — not checkedEP (Environmental Protection) (2017, September 25). The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations; No. 2748, Available online: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/2748/pdfs/uksi_20052748_en.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedEP (Environmental Protection) (2017, October 25). The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Amendment) Regulations; No. 581, Available online: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/581/pdfs/uksi_20090581_en.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedEU European Commission Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (2017, September 25). Toxicology and Chemical Substances (& ECB): Opinion of the TC NES on the Environment Part of Industry Voluntary Risk Assessments on Lead and Lead Compounds. Available online: http://echa.europa.eu/doc/trd_substances/VRAR/Lead/tcnes_opinion/tcnes_opinion_env.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization (WHO) (2009). Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks, World Health Organization. Available online: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedWpływ ołowiu i kadmu na funkcje układu immunologicznego
no DOI — not checkedSchuster, H.P. (1997). Intensywna Terapia w Posocznicy, Sanmedica. [1st ed.].
no DOI — not checkedEndothelial MMP-9 drives the inflammatory response in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
no DOI — not checkedRoper, W.L., Houk, V., Falk, H., and Binder, S. (1991). Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control, October 1991, Centers for Disease Control. Available online: http://www.nmic.org/nyccelp/medical-studies/CDC-Preventing-lead-poisoning-10-91.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedCDC (2017, July 25). Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/final_document_030712.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedDifferential effects of lead and cAMP on development and activities of Th1- and Th2-lymphocytes
no DOI — not checkedModification of bovine interferon and tumor necrosis factor production by lead in vivo and in vitro
no DOI — not checkedRelationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and neutrophils in endotoxin-induced liver injury
no DOI — not checkedThe biology of cachectin/TNF—A primary mediator of the host response
no DOI — not checkedLipoxygenase modulation to reverse carcinogenesis
no DOI — not checkedZnaczenie białka C-reaktywnego w patofizjologii miażdżycy. Role of C-reactive protein in atherogenesis
no DOI — not checkedSzczeklik, A. (2005). Choroby Wewnętrzne. Tom II, Wydawnictwo Medycyna Praktyczna.
no DOI — not checkedDepression of humoral immunity in rats following chronic developmental lead exposure
no DOI — not checkedTrace elements in biological samples and immunologic parameters in environmentally exposed populations (preliminary study)
no DOI — not checkedFrequency of cold infections in workers at a lead refinery
no DOI — not checkedDecreased immune status in Nigerian workers occupationally exposed to lead
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

checked 2026-07-24 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record

Embed this badge

Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.

<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/ijms19061813"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/ijms19061813/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[![CiteStamped reference-health badge](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/ijms19061813/badge.svg)](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/ijms19061813)