Reference health
Foraging Behavior and Pollen Transport by Flower Visitors of the Madeira Island Endemic Echium candicans
52/52 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
29 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 52 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1007/s11829-013-9246-3
The most effective pollinator revisited: pollen dynamics in a spring-flowering herb
resolves10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120330
Nectar Robbing: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives
resolves10.1007/s11258-013-0247-1
So many visitors and so few pollinators: variation in insect frequency and effectiveness governs the reproductive success of an endemic milkwort
resolves10.1126/science.225.4661.519
Variation Among Floral Visitors in Pollination Ability: A Precondition for Mutualism Specialization
resolves10.1111/ele.12224
A quantitative review of pollination syndromes: do floral traits predict effective pollinators?
resolves10.1093/aob/mct261
In the right place at the right time: Parnassia resolves the herkogamy dilemma by accurate repositioning of stamens and stigmas
resolves10.1007/s10682-008-9259-z
Associations between floral specialization and species diversity: cause, effect, or correlation?
resolves10.1002/ece3.1191
Changes in pollinator fauna affect altitudinal variation of floral size in a bumblebee‐pollinated herb
resolves10.1002/ece3.2897
Does the morphological fit between flowers and pollinators affect pollen deposition? An experimental test in a buzz‐pollinated species with anther dimorphism
resolves10.1093/aobpla/plw001
Butterflies visit more frequently, but bees are better pollinators: the importance of mouthpart dimensions in effective pollen removal and deposition
resolves10.2307/3565970
Effects of Plant Size, Plant Density and Sex Differential Nectar Reward on Pollinator Visitation in the Protandrous Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae)
resolves10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00810.x
Interaction frequency as a surrogate for the total effect of animal mutualists on plants
resolves10.1007/s11829-020-09759-4
Effect of diurnal vs. nocturnal pollinators and flower position on the reproductive success of Echium simplex
resolves10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00108.x
A framework for comparing pollinator performance: effectiveness and efficiency
resolves10.2307/3565403
Components of Pollinator "Quality": Comparative Analysis of a Diverse Insect Assemblage
resolves10.1155/2018/3904973
Some Unresolved Issues of Measuring the Efficiency of Pollinators: Experimentally Testing and Assessing the Predictive Power of Different Methods
resolves10.1007/s00606-011-0454-y
Fly pollination of dichogamous Angelica sylvestris (Apiaceae): how (functionally) specialized can a (morphologically) generalized plant be?
resolves10.1073/pnas.0802290105
Species invasions and extinction: The future of native biodiversity on islands
resolves10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01474.x
Effectiveness of short‐tongued bees as pollinators of apparently ornithophilous New Zealand mistletoes
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0047415
Inbreeding Depression under Drought Stress in the Rare Endemic Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) on Tenerife, Canary Islands
resolves10.26786/1920-7603(2011)9
Diversity and pollination value of insects visiting the flowers of a rare buckwheat (<i>Eriogonum pelinophilum</i>: Polygonaceae) in disturbed and "natural" areas
resolves10.1111/plb.12926
Reproductive success of the Canarian
<i>Echium simplex</i>
(
<i>Boraginaceae</i>
) mediated by vertebrates and insects
resolves10.1111/icad.12216
Impact of land‐use change on flower‐visiting insect communities on an oceanic island
resolves10.1111/icad.12431
Increase of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0006275
Impact of Alien Plant Invaders on Pollination Networks in Two Archipelagos
resolves10.3989/ajbm.2239
A new species of Echium (Boraginaceae) from the island of Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago)
resolves10.1007/BF00380158
Pollinator abundance, morphology, and flower visitation rate: analysis of the “quantity” component in a plant-pollinator system
resolves10.1086/382806
Influence of Geographical Distribution and Floral Traits on Species Richness of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Visiting<i>Echium</i>Species (Boraginaceae) of the Canary Islands
resolves10.1038/s41598-019-41271-5
Honeybees disrupt the structure and functionality of plant-pollinator networks
resolves10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03443.x
Structure of a plant–flower‐visitor network in the high‐altitude sub‐alpine desert of Tenerife, Canary Islands
resolves10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01167-0
Native birds and insects, and introduced honey bees visiting Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) in the Canary Islands
resolves10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025055
Non-Bee Insects as Visitors and Pollinators of Crops: Biology, Ecology, and Management
resolves10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00004-1
Lizards as pollinators and seed dispersers: an island phenomenon
resolves10.26786/1920-7603(2013)8
Efficiency in pollen foraging by honey bees: Time, motion and pollen depletion on flowers of <i>Sisyrinchium palmifolium</i> Linnaeus (Asparagales: Iridaceae)
resolves10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00541.x
Pollination efficiency of wild bees and hoverflies provided to oilseed rape
resolves10.3732/ajb.94.2.203
Visitation, effectiveness, and efficiency of 15 genera of visitors to wild radish, <i>Raphanus raphanistrum</i> (Brassicaceae)
resolves10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00010-X
Honeybees reduce fitness in the pioneer shrub Melastoma affine (Melastomataceae)
resolves10.1111/1365-2664.12325
Extremely frequent bee visits increase pollen deposition but reduce drupelet set in raspberry
resolves10.1038/s41559-017-0249-9
Honeybee spillover reshuffles pollinator diets and affects plant reproductive success
resolves10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00568.x
Late-acting inbreeding depression in both male and female function of Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae)
resolves10.1603/EN12303
Multiple Criteria for Evaluating Pollinator Performance in Highbush Blueberry (Ericales: Ericaceae) Agroecosystems
resolves10.3390/insects7040069
Positive and Negative Impacts of Non-Native Bee Species around the World
resolves10.1016/j.baae.2015.11.004
Collateral effects of beekeeping: Impacts on pollen-nectar resources and wild bee communities
The 29 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedKearns, C.A., and Inouye, D.W. (1993). Techniques for Pollination Biologists, University Press of Colorado.
no DOI — not checkedDafni, A., Kevan, P.G., and Husband, B.C. (2005). Practical Pollination Biology, Environquest Ltd.
no DOI — not checkedFunctional diversity of plant-pollinator interaction webs enhances the persistence of plant communities
no DOI — not checkedPollination, biogeography and phylogeny of oceanic island bellflowers (Campanulaceae). Perspect
no DOI — not checkedSerrano, A.R.M., Borges, P.A.V., Boieiro, M., and Oromí, P. (2010). Pollination on islands: Examples from the Macaronesian archipelagos. Terrestrial Arthropods of Macaronesia: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Sociedade Portuguesa dàe Entomología.
no DOI — not checkedVolatiles of the inflorescences of the Madeiran orchids, Goodyera macrophylla Lowe and Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. and their role in pollination
no DOI — not checkedWild bees (Anthophila) of Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago) and their habitats: Species diversity, distribution patterns and bee-plant network
no DOI — not checkedWild bee-plant network of Madeira Island with a comparison to Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal)
no DOI — not checkedComments on the butterfly fauna (Papilionoidea) of Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago): Species list, distribution patterns, and butterfly-plant network
no DOI — not checkedGeographic patterns in plant–pollinator mutualistic networks
no DOI — not checked1972. A revision of the genus Echium in Macaronesia
no DOI — not checkedCatálogo sintaxonómico e florístico das comunidades vegetais da Madeira e Porto Santo
no DOI — not checkedLobo, C., Teixeira, D., Menezes, D., and Pestana, N. (2020, June 21). Planos de Ação e Conservação das Espécies e Habitats Alvo do Projeto LIFE Maciço Montanhoso; Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, Available online: https://ifcn.madeira.gov.pt/images/Doc_Artigos/POG/POGMMC.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedPress, J.R., and Short, M.J. (1994). Flora of Madeira, Natural History Museum. Stationery Office Books.
no DOI — not checkedLobo, C., Gouveia, L., Teixeira, D., Fernandes, F., and Menezes, D. (2017). The Eastern Mountainous Massif of Madeira, Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, IP-RAM.
no DOI — not checkedSilva, L., Ojeda, E.L., and Rodríguez, J.L. (2008). Invasive Terrestial Flora & Fauna of Macaronesia, ARENA. TOP 100 in Azores, Madeira y Canarias.
no DOI — not checkedNew bees from the Madeiran Islands (Hym)
no DOI — not checkedFumero, M.B. (1977). Los Sírfidos de las Islas Canarias (Diptera, Syrphidae), Instituto de Estudios Canarios En La Univerisdad de La Laguna de Tenerife. Monografias Volumen XV.
no DOI — not checkedWakeham-Dawson, A., Salmon, M., and Franquinho Aguiar, A.M. (2000). A Field Guide to the Butterflies of the Funchal Ecological Park and Madeiran Archipelago, Câmara Municipal do Funchal.
no DOI — not checkedThe hoverflies (Diptera; Syrphidae) of Madeiran Archipelago Portugal
no DOI — not checkedAndrena (Suandrena) portosanctana Cockerell, 1922 and A. (Suandrena) maderensis Cockerell, 1922—New taxonomical and ecological data for two closely related endemic bee species of the Madeira Archipelago, Portugal
no DOI — not checkedUpdated checklist of the wild bees of the Madeira Archipelago and the Selvagens Islands (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)
no DOI — not checkedA centrifuging method for the removal of insect pollen loads
no DOI — not checkedR Core Team (2018). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https://www.R-project.org/.
no DOI — not checkedBorges, P.A.V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A.M.F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sérgio, C., Serrano, A.R.M., and Vieira, P. (2008). A List of the Terrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens Archipelagos, Direcção Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Açores.
no DOI — not checkedFlower-visiting lizards on Madeira
no DOI — not checkedThe Madeiran lizard-flower connection observed in a natural habitat
no DOI — not checkedPollination effectiveness and pollinator importance in a population of Heterotheca subaxillaris (Asteraceae)
no DOI — not checkedThe worldwide importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural habitats
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-07-22 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/insects12060488"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/insects12060488/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/insects12060488)