Reference health
Tourism, Transport and Climate Change: The Carbon Footprint of International Air Traffic on Islands
19/19 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
39 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 19 checked references that resolve
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The Low-Carbon Imperative: Destination Management under Urgent Climate Change
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The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018
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Will technological progress be sufficient to stabilize CO2 emissions from air transport in the mid-term?
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Investigations on the distribution of air transport traffic and CO2 emissions within the European Union
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Environmental impact of aircraft emissions and aviation fuel tax in Japan
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The global scale, distribution and growth of aviation: Implications for climate change
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Climate-Friendly Ethics Prescribed by Top World Airlines: Empirical Evidence
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Territorial cohesion in insular contexts: assessing external attractiveness and internal strength of major Mediterranean islands
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Climate change adaptation under a social capital approach – An analytical framework for small islands
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A framework to account for the tourism carbon footprint at island destinations
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Risks, resilience, and pathways to sustainable aviation: A COVID-19 perspective
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EU Emissions Trading scheme in aviation: Policy analysis and suggestions
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Eco-anxiety and the flight shaming movement: implications for tourism
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no DOI — not checkedWorld Tourism Organization, UNWTO (2019). Panorama of International Tourism, OMT.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Tourism Organization, UNWTO (2020). Transport-related CO2 Emissions of the Tourism Sector—Modelling Results, OMT.
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Parliament (2020). Aircraft and Ship Emissions: Facts and Figures (Infographic), European Environment Agency, EEA.
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Union Aviation Safety Agency, EASA (2019). European Aviation Environmental Report 2019, European Union Aviation Safety Agency.
no DOI — not checkedBoeing (2021, January 10). Commercial Market Outlook 2020–2039. Available online: https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/market/assets/downloads/2020_CMO_PDF_Download.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedAirbus (2021, January 10). Global Market Forecast. Cities, Airports & Aircraft. 2019–2038. Available online: https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/market/global-market-forecast.html.
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no DOI — not checkedAnálisis de la sostenibilidad energética del transporte aéreo y su impacto en el turismo
no DOI — not checked(2021, January 10). Carbon Emissions Calculator, ICAO. Available online: https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Carbonoffset/Pages/default.aspx.
no DOI — not checkedGlobal Sustainable Tourism Dashboard (2021, January 10). Carbon Emissions, Griffit University. Available online: https://gugstdstg01.wpengine.com/carbon-emissions/.
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no DOI — not checkedIPCC (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.
no DOI — not checkedHuella ecológica y presión turística socio-ambiental: Aplicación en Canarias
no DOI — not checkedVicente Gozálvez, P., and Juan Antonio, M.M. (2011). El impacto territorial de la moratoria turística de Canarias. XXII Congreso de Geógrafos Españoles, Universidad de Alicante, Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles.
no DOI — not checkedProcesos de reciclaje aplicados al turismo de masas en el Sur de Gran Canaria
no DOI — not checkedRobaina, C.R., de la Nuez, C.F., López del Pino, F., and Escauriaza, M.J. (2021, January 10). Economía Circular y Turismo—Análisis de la Industria Hotelera: El Caso de las Islas Canarias. XX Congreso AECIT, Almería, España. Available online: https://aecit.org/files/congress/20/papers/382.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedExceltur (2018). IMPACTUR Canary Islands 2018. Study of the Economic Impact of Tourism on the Economy and Employment of the Canary Islands. Canary Islands Government, Available online: https://www.exceltur.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/IMPACTUR-Canarias-2018.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedHernández-Martín, R. (2016). Impactos económicos del turismo. ¿Existe un Modelo Turístico Canario?, Promotur Turismo Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna.
no DOI — not checkedGonzález-Lemus, N., González, A., and Hernández, J.A. (2012). El Viaje y el Turismo en Canarias, Anroart Ediciones.
no DOI — not checkedThe World Bank (IBRD) (2021, January 10). Data Bank. Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/.
no DOI — not checkedSpanish National Institute of Statistics (in Spanish INE) (2021, January 26). Global Service sector Surveys, Madrid. Available online: https://ine.es/.
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no DOI — not checkedEl hándicap del transporte aéreo para el desarrollo inicial del turismo de masas en las islas Canarias
no DOI — not checkedBalearic Islands Tourism Strategy Agency (in Spanish AETIB 2019) (2021, January 10). Tourist Agency of the Balearic Islands, Regional Ministry of the Economic Model, Tourism and Labor. Government of the Balearic Islands. Available online: http://www.caib.es/sites/estadistiquesdelturisme/f/325768.
no DOI — not checkedAENA (2021, January 10). Annual Statistical Report on Passenger Traffic, Operations and Cargo at Spanish Airports. Available online: http://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/174/519/00.Definitivo_2019.pdf.
no DOI — not checked(2021, January 26). OpenFlights. Available online: https://openflights.org/.
no DOI — not checkedCanary Statistics Institute (in Spanish ISTAC) (2021, January 10). Statistics of Tourist Movements on the Borders of the Canary Islands (FRONTUR-Canarias). Canary Islands Government. Available online: http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/istac/temas_estadisticos/sectorservicios/hosteleriayturismo/demanda/E16028B.html.
no DOI — not checkedNational Statistics Office of Malta, (NSOM) (2019). Report of Malta´s Tourism Performance in 2019.
no DOI — not checkedCarbon Footprint Ltd. (CFL) (2021, January 26). Available online: https://www.carbonfootprint.com/.
no DOI — not checked(2021, January 26). CeroCO2. Available online: https://www.ceroco2.org/.
no DOI — not checkedEl mercado de derechos de emisión de CO2 y otros gases de efecto invernadero: El sector de la navegación aérea y su impacto en el turismo
no DOI — not checkedCanary Islands Energy Yearbook (in Spanish AEC) (2021, January 10). Ecological Transition Area, Fight against Climate Change and Territorial Planning, Government of the Canary Islands. Available online: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsweb/export/sites/energia/doc/Publicaciones/AnuarioEnergeticoCanarias/ANUARIO-2018-27012020.pdf.
no DOI — not checked(2021, January 26). World Airport Codes. Available online: https://www.world-airport-codes.com/.
no DOI — not checked(2021, January 26). Canary Islands Tourism. Available online: https://turismodeislascanarias.com/.
no DOI — not checkedCanary Islands Tourism (2015). Profile of British Tourists Visiting the Canary Islands.
no DOI — not checkedCanary Islands Tourism (2018). Main indicators according to destination island, Tourist Expenditure Survey (2018).
no DOI — not checkedEnvironmental impact of long distance travel
no DOI — not checkedHosteltur (2021, January 10). Ashamed to Fly. Can this Movement Change Tourism?. Available online: https://www.hosteltur.com/130487_vergueenza-de-volar-puede-este-movimiento-cambiar-el-turismo.html.
no DOI — not checked(2021, January 10). Statista Annual Number of International Tourists who Arrived in Spain by Plane from 2000 to 2019. Available online: https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/474883/llegadas-de-turistas-extranjeros-a-espana-en-avion/.
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