Reference health
First Evidence of West Nile Virus Overwintering in Mosquitoes in Germany
34/34 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
13 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 34 checked references that resolve
resolves10.3390/pathogens9010048
Comparative Pathology of West Nile Virus in Humans and Non-Human Animals
resolves10.1186/1756-3305-7-323
A review of the vector management methods to prevent and control outbreaks of West Nile virus infection and the challenge for Europe
resolves10.1080/14787210.2020.1713751
The knowns and unknowns of West Nile virus in Europe: what did we learn from the 2018 outbreak?
resolves10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.46.2001786
Autochthonous West Nile virus infection outbreak in humans, Leipzig, Germany, August to September 2020
resolves10.3201/eid0704.017426
West Nile Virus in Overwintering<i>Culex</i>Mosquitoes, New York City, 2000
resolves10.1093/jmedent/42.3.490
Detection of West Nile Viral RNA from an Overwintering Pool of<i>Culex pipens pipiens</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) in New Jersey, 2003
resolves10.2987/20-6949.1
Overwintering of Culex modestus and Other Mosquito Species in a Reedbed Ecosystem, Including Arbovirus Findings
resolves10.1111/jvec.12286
Mosquito species composition and phenology (Diptera, Culicidae) in two German zoological gardens imply different risks of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission
resolves10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.016
Direct broad-range detection of alphaviruses in mosquito extracts
resolves10.1177/104063871002200515
Two New Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays with Unique Target Sites for the Specific and Sensitive Detection of Lineages 1 and 2
<i>West Nile Virus</i>
Strains
resolves10.1007/s00436-017-5652-2
The thermophilic mosquito species Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) moves north in Germany
resolves10.3390/v11060492
Culex torrentium: A Potent Vector for the Transmission of West Nile Virus in Central Europe
resolves10.3390/v12050561
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Vector Competence of Indigenous Culex and Aedes Mosquitoes from Germany at Temperate Climate Conditions
resolves10.1007/s13337-014-0234-8
Putative novel lineage of West Nile virus in Uranotaenia unguiculata mosquito, Hungary
resolves10.1007/978-3-319-94075-5_5
Vector Potential of Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) Occurring in Central Europe
resolves10.1089/vbz.2007.0266
Vector Competence of Some French
<i>Culex</i>
and
<i>Aedes</i>
Mosquitoes for West Nile Virus
resolves10.1603/0022-2585-38.3.462
Effect of Incubation at Overwintering Temperatures on the Replication of West Nile Virus in New York <I>Culex pipiens</I> (Diptera: Culicidae)
resolves10.3389/fvets.2020.00243
Enhanced West Nile Virus Circulation in the Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy Regions (Northern Italy) in 2018 Detected by Entomological Surveillance
resolves10.3390/tropicalmed6020045
Screening of Mosquitoes for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Croatia, 2015–2020
resolves10.1186/s13071-021-04736-z
West Nile and Usutu viruses co-circulation in central Italy: outcomes of the 2018 integrated surveillance
resolves10.3201/eid0704.017415
West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mosquitoes, New York State, 2000
resolves10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105514
West Nile virus lineage 2 in Culex mosquitoes in Thessaly, Greece, 2019
resolves10.1038/sj.hdy.6884120
Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations
resolves10.3390/ijerph15020389
The Role of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Virus Transmission in Europe
resolves10.1038/s41598-018-24133-4
Overwintering of West Nile virus in a bird community with a communal crow roost
The 13 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe role of birds in the ecology of West Nile virus in Europe and Africa
no DOI — not checkedECDC (European Center for Disease Prevention and Control) (2021, October 19). Epidemiological Update: West Nile Virus Transmission Season in Europe, 2018. Available online: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-west-nile-virus-transmission-season-europe-2018.
no DOI — not checkedECDC (European Center for Disease Prevention and Control) (2021, October 19). Distribution of West Nile Virus Infections among Human and Outbreaks among Equids and/or Birds in the EU, Transmission Season 2020. Available online: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/images/WNF_HumanAndAnimal_Historical2020.png.
no DOI — not checkedThe discovery of West Nile virus in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
no DOI — not checkedSchaffner, F., Angel, G., Geoffroy, B., Hervy, J.P., Rhaiem, A., and Brunhes, J. (2001). The Mosquitoes of Europe. An Identification and Training Programme, IRD Editions (CD-Rom).
no DOI — not checkedA novel Pan-Flavivirus detection and identification assay based on RT-qPCR and microarray
no DOI — not checkedCDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) (2021, November 01). West Nile Virus—Resources, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resourcepages/mosqSurvSoft.html.
no DOI — not checkedDie Culicidenvorkommen in den Rheinauen des Oberrheingebiets mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Uranotaenia (Culicidae, Diptera)—einer neuen Stechmückengattung für Deutschland
no DOI — not checkedIsolation in Portugal of West Nile virus from Anopheles maculipennis mosquitoes
no DOI — not checkedWest Nile virus and other zoonotic viruses in Russia: Examples of emerging-reemerging situations
no DOI — not checkedCDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) (2021, October 19). Mosquito Species in which West Nile Virus Has Been Detected, United States, 1999–2016, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/MosquitoSpecies1999-2016.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedMosquito surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses in four territorial units of Slovakia and description of a confirmed autochthonous human case of West Nile fever, 2018 to 2019
no DOI — not checkedFLI (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut) (2021, October 19). West Nile Virus. Available online: https://www.fli.de/en/news/animal-disease-situation/west-nile-virus.
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-07-22 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/v13122463"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/v13122463/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.3390/v13122463)