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Pathogenesis of Hypertension

https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00011
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102/102 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

9 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 102 checked references that resolve
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Essential Hypertension
resolves10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00241-0
Molecular Mechanisms of Human Hypertension
resolves10.1056/NEJMra011078
Subtle Acquired Renal Injury as a Mechanism of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
resolves10.1126/science.2063193
Blood Pressure Control—Special Role of the Kidneys and Body Fluids
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112464
THE NHLBI TWIN STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS: METHODOLOGY AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113862
ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC SOURCES OF FAMILIAL AGGREGATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN
resolves10.1126/science.1062844
Human Hypertension Caused by Mutations in WNK Kinases
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.101.24.2810
QTL Influencing Blood Pressure Maps to the Region of <i>PPH1</i> on Chromosome 2q31-34 in Old Order Amish
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.36.4.477
Evidence for a Gene Influencing Blood Pressure on Chromosome 17
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.0000018580.24644.18
Linkage of Essential Hypertension to Chromosome 18q
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.0000022660.28915.B1
Genome Scans for Blood Pressure and Hypertension
resolves10.1016/0092-8674(92)90275-H
Molecular basis of human hypertension: Role of angiotensinogen
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.33.6.1324
Seven Lessons From Two Candidate Genes in Human Essential Hypertension
resolves10.1097/00004872-199917010-00003
M235T angiotensinogen gene polymorphism and cardiovascular renal risk
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.97.18.1773
Variation in the Region of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Influences Interindividual Differences in Blood Pressure Levels in Young White Males
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.97.18.1766
Evidence for Association and Genetic Linkage of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Locus With Hypertension and Blood Pressure in Men but Not Women in the Framingham Heart Study
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.33.2.698
Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphisms M235T/T174M
resolves10.1097/00041552-200005000-00009
Molecular genetics of human hypertension
resolves10.1016/0092-8674(94)90250-X
Liddle's syndrome: Heritable human hypertension caused by mutations in the β subunit of the epithelial sodium channel
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.31.5.1118
Mutations and Variants of the Epithelial Sodium Channel Gene in Liddle’s Syndrome and Primary Hypertension
resolves10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.5.C1413
Hyperactive ENaC identifies hypertensive individuals amenable to amiloride therapy
resolves10.1001/jama.1991.03460160057029
Concordance for Dyslipidemic Hypertension in Male Twins
resolves10.1056/NEJM199807233390404
Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes and in Nondiabetic Subjects with and without Prior Myocardial Infarction
resolves10.1056/NEJM199602083340607
Hypertension and Associated Metabolic Abnormalities — The Role of Insulin Resistance and the Sympathoadrenal System
resolves10.1016/S0895-7061(00)00228-4
Autonomic imbalance, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.33.2.640
Heart Rate and Subsequent Blood Pressure in Young Adults
resolves10.1016/S0895-7061(00)00225-9
The sympathetic system and hypertension*1
resolves10.1097/00000441-198804000-00019
Mechanisms of Resetting of Arterial Baroreceptors: An Overview
resolves10.1161/01.RES.53.2.223
Arterial baroreflexes in renal hypertensive rabbits. Selectivity and redundancy of baroreceptor influence on heart rate, vascular resistance, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity.
resolves10.1172/JCI114754
Mechanism of decreased baroreceptor activity in chronic hypertensive rabbits. Role of endogenous prostanoids.
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.17.1.72
Rapid baroreceptor resetting in chronic hypertension. Implications for normalization of arterial pressure.
resolves10.1161/01.RES.79.4.802
Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals Contribute to Baroreceptor Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Rabbits
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.11.6.608
Potentiation of sympathetic nerve responses to hypoxia in borderline hypertensive subjects.
resolves10.1172/JCI118235
Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea.
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.90.2.928
Sex-specific determinants of increased left ventricular mass in the Tecumseh Blood Pressure Study.
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.26.2.348
Sympathetic Modulation of Radial Artery Compliance in Congestive Heart Failure
resolves10.1152/physrev.1990.70.4.963
Overflow of catecholamine neurotransmitters to the circulation: source, fate, and functions
resolves10.1097/00005792-197501000-00002
RENAL VASCULAR TONE IN ESSENTIAL AND SECONDARY HYPERTENSION
resolves10.1042/cs057197s
Recordings of Renal and Splanchnic Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
resolves10.1056/NEJM199212313272704
Sympathetic Overactivity in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
resolves10.1093/ajh/4.7.586
Hypertensives’ Pressor Response to Norepinephrine
resolves10.1038/ki.1986.81
Blood pressure control in normotensive members of hypertensive families
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.22.6.801
Normotensive blacks have heightened sympathetic response to cold pressor test.
resolves10.1152/physrev.1982.62.2.347
Physiological aspects of primary hypertension.
resolves10.1152/physrev.1990.70.4.921
Structure and function of small arteries
resolves10.1097/00041552-200109000-00011
Effects of antihypertensive drugs on vascular remodeling: do they predict outcome in response to antihypertensive therapy?
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.25.4.474
Effect of Antihypertensive Treatment on Small Arteries of Patients With Previously Untreated Essential Hypertension
resolves10.1152/physrev.1947.27.1.120
THE RENAL ORIGIN OF HYPERTENSION
resolves10.3109/10641969609088965
The Evidence for a Pathophysiologic Significance of the Sympathetic Overactivity in Hypertension
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.25.4.663
The Renal Medulla and Hypertension
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.36.1.142
Induction of Oxidative Stress by Glutathione Depletion Causes Severe Hypertension in Normal Rats
resolves10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.5.F769
Roles of NO and oxygen radicals in tubuloglomerular feedback in SHR
resolves10.1097/00004872-198811000-00001
On the renal basis for essential hypertension: nephron heterogeneity with discordant renin secretion and sodium excretion causing a hypertensive vasoconstriction-volume relationship
resolves10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90117-1
Renal function reserve and sodium sensitivity in essential hypertension
resolves10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00922-4
Uric acid: is it a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.34.1.144
Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Events in Successfully Treated Hypertensive Patients
resolves10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00003
Serum Uric Acid and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Death: The Framingham Heart Study
resolves10.1001/jama.283.18.2404
Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Mortality
resolves10.7326/0003-4819-93-6-817
Serum Uric Acid in Essential Hypertension: An Indicator of Renal Vascular Involvement
resolves10.1111/j.1532-5415.1978.tb02396.x
Serum Uric Acid and the Renin‐Angiotensin System in Hypertension
resolves10.1097/00004872-200018080-00021
Serum uric acid, diuretic treatment and risk of cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
resolves10.1161/hy1101.092839
Elevated Uric Acid Increases Blood Pressure in the Rat by a Novel Crystal-Independent Mechanism
resolves10.1152/ajprenal.00283.2001
Hyperuricemia induces a primary renal arteriolopathy in rats by a blood pressure-independent mechanism
resolves10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93017-6
Uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by increasing platelet-derived growth factor A-chain expression
resolves10.1038/sj.jhh.1000930
Hypothesis on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly
resolves10.1152/jappl.1968.25.5.542
Vasoconstrictor response to simulated diving in man.
resolves10.1161/01.RES.18.3.263
Comparative Changes in Segmental Vascular Resistance in Response to Nerve Stimulation and to Norepinephrine
resolves10.1016/S0895-7061(97)88656-6
Reduction of wave reflection is the principal beneficial action of felodipine in isolated systolic hypertension
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07330-4
Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials
resolves10.1001/jama.288.12.1491
Effects of Losartan on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
resolves10.1177/00912709922008155
Practical Considerations of the Pharmacology of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
resolves10.1007/s11906-002-0053-y
Small artery remodeling in hypertension
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.35.5.1069
Proapoptotic and Growth-Inhibitory Role of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats In Vivo
resolves10.1210/er.2003-0001
Newly Recognized Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular and Renal Regulation
resolves10.1161/01.RES.80.1.45
p22phox mRNA Expression and NADPH Oxidase Activity Are Increased in Aortas From Hypertensive Rats
resolves10.1172/JCI118623
Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone.
resolves10.1089/ars.1999.1.2-167
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Mediate Angiotensin II-Induced NADH/NADPH Oxidase Activity and Hypertrophy in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
resolves10.1161/01.RES.83.9.952
Angiotensin II Induces Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.100.11.1223
Angiotensin II Induces Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression In Rat Vasculature
resolves10.1056/NEJM200001203420301
Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients
resolves10.1056/NEJMoa021716
A Comparison of Outcomes with Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitors and Diuretics for Hypertension in the Elderly
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08089-3
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol
resolves10.1056/NEJMoa011161
Effects of Losartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
resolves10.1056/NEJMoa011303
Renoprotective Effect of the Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in Patients with Nephropathy Due to Type 2 Diabetes
resolves10.1056/NEJMoa011489
The Effect of Irbesartan on the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
resolves10.1001/jama.289.19.2560
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;The JNC 7 Report&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
resolves10.1097/00004872-200306000-00001
2003 European Society of Hypertension???European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension*
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08090-X
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol
resolves10.1001/jama.288.23.2981
Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
resolves10.1006/jmcc.2000.1129
Induction of Cardiac Fibrosis by Aldosterone
resolves10.1056/NEJM199909023411001
The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure
resolves10.1056/NEJMoa030207
Eplerenone, a Selective Aldosterone Blocker, in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction
resolves10.1007/s11906-002-0011-8
Resistant hypertension
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6
Hyperaldosteronism Among Black and White Subjects With Resistant Hypertension
resolves10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840
Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress
resolves10.1056/NEJM200111013451810
High-Normal Blood Pressure — More “High” Than “Normal”
resolves10.1073/pnas.88.22.10045
Does superoxide underlie the pathogenesis of hypertension?
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.95.3.588
Role of Superoxide in Angiotensin II–Induced but Not Catecholamine-Induced Hypertension
resolves10.1161/01.HYP.28.4.652
Racial Differences in Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentrations in Individuals With Essential Hypertension
resolves10.1056/NEJM199803193381202
The Effect of an Endothelin-Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, on Blood Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06250-X
Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebocontrolled study
resolves10.1056/NEJMoa010273
Characteristics of Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension in the United States
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