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CAPTCHA and its Alternatives: A Review
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/sec.825openalex-snapshot
The design and implementation of a secure CAPTCHA against man‐in‐the‐middle attacks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39200-9_18openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA: Using Hard AI Problems for Security
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30144-8_22openalex-snapshot
Towards Human Interactive Proofs in the Text-Domain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30144-8_23openalex-snapshot
Image Recognition CAPTCHAs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04904-0_26openalex-snapshot
Bot, Cyborg and Automated Turing Test
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12165-4_32openalex-snapshot
Spam 2.0: The Problem Ahead
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15152-1_2openalex-snapshot
Attacking Image Recognition Captchas
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16720-1_23openalex-snapshot
Detecting Comment Spam through Content Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16732-4_46openalex-snapshot
A Study of CAPTCHA and Its Application to User Authentication
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29101-2_12openalex-snapshot
Enhanced STE3D-CAP: A Novel 3D CAPTCHA Family
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29280-4_66openalex-snapshot
A Novel Architecture for the Generation of Picture Based CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31274-8_4openalex-snapshot
Analysis and Detection of Web Spam by Means of Web Content
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39062-3_26openalex-snapshot
Towards the Personalization of CAPTCHA Mechanisms Based on Individual Differences in Cognitive Processing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-002-0089-1openalex-snapshot
PessimalPrint: a reverse Turing test
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-009-0171-2openalex-snapshot
Accessible privacy and security: a universally usable human-interaction proof tool
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1422-zopenalex-snapshot
FaceCAPTCHA: a CAPTCHA that identifies the gender of face images unrecognized by existing gender classifiers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1666-7openalex-snapshot
Game-based image semantic CAPTCHA on handset devices
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2010.08.003openalex-snapshot
Biometric personal authentication using keystroke dynamics: A review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2007.12.024openalex-snapshot
Avoiding Massive Automated Voting in Internet Polls
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.309openalex-snapshot
CaptchAll: An Improvement on the Modern Text-based CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(02)00037-3openalex-snapshot
Intrusion detection techniques and approaches
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(01)00608-3openalex-snapshot
Information Security — A Multidimensional Discipline
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00010-5openalex-snapshot
Understanding users' keystroke patterns for computer access security
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001openalex-snapshot
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1205
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/34.895972openalex-snapshot
Content-based image retrieval at the end of the early years
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/aina.2010.46openalex-snapshot
Against Spyware Using CAPTCHA in Graphical Password Scheme
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/aina.2010.55openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA Using Strangeness in Machine Translation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ccem.2012.6354589openalex-snapshot
A New Scheme for Mobile Based CAPTCHA Service on Cloud
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211346openalex-snapshot
Shape context and chamfer matching in cluttered scenes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211347openalex-snapshot
Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icastech.2009.5409718openalex-snapshot
Checking Internet masquerading using multiple CAPTCHA challenge-response systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2011.5963009openalex-snapshot
iCAPTCHA: The Next Generation of CAPTCHA Designed to Defend against 3rd Party Human Attacks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2009.105openalex-snapshot
Execution Time Prediction for 3D Interactive CAPTCHA by Keystroke Level Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2005.205openalex-snapshot
ScatterType: a legible but hard-to-segment CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2010.5480258openalex-snapshot
3D CAPTCHA: A Next Generation of the CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579426openalex-snapshot
Anti-SIFT Images Based CAPTCHA Using Versatile Characters
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ihci.2012.6481832openalex-snapshot
Image CAPTCHA: Based on human understanding of real world distances
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596677openalex-snapshot
A comparative study of machine learning techniques in blog comments spam filtering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/imcsit.2008.4747260openalex-snapshot
SemCAPTCHA—user-friendly alternative for OCR-based CAPTCHA systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2009.5409359openalex-snapshot
Drag and Drop: A Better Approach to CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mines.2009.298openalex-snapshot
A CAPTCHA Implementation Based on 3D Animation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2005.41openalex-snapshot
Automatic Generation of Artistic Chinese Calligraphy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2005.37openalex-snapshot
Is it human or computer? Defending e-commerce with Captchas
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/pccc.2012.6407782openalex-snapshot
GeoCAPTCHA — A novel personalized CAPTCHA using geographic concept to defend against 3rd Party Human Attack
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/second.2006.1629343openalex-snapshot
2D Captchas from 3D Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250195openalex-snapshot
Using a test-to-speech synthesizer to generate a reverse Turing test
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479682openalex-snapshot
BaffleText: a Human Interactive Proof
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055070openalex-snapshot
Designing human friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1296843.1296894openalex-snapshot
Developing usable CAPTCHAs for blind users
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1321440.1321486openalex-snapshot
Spam filtering for short messages
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1408664.1408671openalex-snapshot
Usability of CAPTCHAs or usability issues in CAPTCHA design
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1455770.1455839openalex-snapshot
A low-cost attack on a Microsoft captcha
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1572532.1572551openalex-snapshot
Balancing usability and security in a video CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1866307.1866329openalex-snapshot
Attacks and design of image recognition CAPTCHAs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2223660openalex-snapshot
Do cognitive styles of users affect preference and performance related to CAPTCHA challenges?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2381896.2381907openalex-snapshot
Robust detection of comment spam using entropy rate
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2481295openalex-snapshot
SeeSay and HearSay CAPTCHA for mobile interaction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/586110.586133openalex-snapshot
Securing passwords against dictionary attacks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/966389.966390openalex-snapshot
Telling humans and computers apart automatically
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181312561217openalex-snapshot
Evaluating the usability of CAPTCHAs on a mobile device with voice and touch input
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6610301.v1openalex-snapshot
Telling Humans and Computers Apart Automatically or How Lazy Cryptographers do AI
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2829285openalex-snapshot
Against Spyware Using CAPTCHA in Graphical Password Scheme
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-412openalex-snapshot
A reverse turing test using speech
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2011-476openalex-snapshot
Verifying human users in speech-based interactions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-012-12-1783openalex-snapshot
Persian/Arabic Baffletext CAPTCHA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3923/rjit.2011.215.228openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA: A Survey of Usability Features
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1312.6082openalex-snapshot
Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30465-2_12openalex-snapshot
Threat Modeling for Breaking of CAPTCHA System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40093-8_14openalex-snapshot
Usability Comparison of Text CAPTCHAs Based on English and Chinese
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5734-3_7openalex-snapshot
Challenges and Solutions for Balancing Usability and Security for Users with Physical Difficulties in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6550-2_25openalex-snapshot
Selection of Robust Text-Based CAPTCHA Using TensorFlow Object Detection Method
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00730-xopenalex-snapshot
Evaluating the accessibility and usability of a universal CAPTCHA based on gestures for smartphones
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11806-yopenalex-snapshot
RALF: an adaptive reinforcement learning framework for teaching dyslexic students
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16166-3openalex-snapshot
Challenges and opportunities for Arabic CAPTCHAs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-026-02749-3openalex-snapshot
Battling bots and bad data: enhancing data quality in online surveys
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.108058openalex-snapshot
The future of online or web-based research. Have you been BOTTED?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2017.08.006openalex-snapshot
A CAPTCHA model based on visual psychophysics: Using the brain to distinguish between human users and automated computer bots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101829openalex-snapshot
Segmentation-validation based handwritten Arabic CAPTCHA generation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.07.002openalex-snapshot
Do human cognitive differences in information processing affect preference and performance of CAPTCHA?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2023.02.004openalex-snapshot
Bankrupting Sybil despite churn
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2022.103318openalex-snapshot
Attack-filtered interactive arabic CAPTCHAs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2022.100224openalex-snapshot
Ready-to-(ab)use: From fake account trafficking to coordinated inauthentic behavior on Twitter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2020.1779618openalex-snapshot
HQEBSKG: Hybrid Query Expansion Based on Semantic Knowledgebase and Grouping
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2398890openalex-snapshot
An Ecologically Valid Approach to Evaluating Online Gatekeepers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ajim-08-2021-0215openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA for crowdsourced image annotation: directions and efficiency analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3119571openalex-snapshot
Interactive Handwritten and Text-Based Handwritten Arabic CAPTCHA Schemes for Mobile Devices: A Comparative Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00076openalex-snapshot
Multi-factor authentication for users of non-internet based applications of blockchain-based platforms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/cscloud/edgecom.2018.00013openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA: Machine or Human Solvers? A Game-Theoretical Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/cse/euc.2019.00049openalex-snapshot
Search Prevention with Captcha Against Web Indexing: A Proof of Concept
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2015.7275720openalex-snapshot
Anti-scraping application development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/iccke.2015.7365816openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHAs, are those needed anymore?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdcs51616.2021.00048openalex-snapshot
Bankrupting Sybil Despite Churn
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icitech.2017.8080034openalex-snapshot
A more secure scheme for CAPTCHA-based authentication in cloud environment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/inocon60754.2024.10511373openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA in Web Security and Deep-Captcha Configuration based on Machine learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sai.2017.8252183openalex-snapshot
Making defeating CAPTCHAs harder for bots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3447654.3447671openalex-snapshot
Pixy: A Privacy-Increasing Group Creation Scheme
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3757503openalex-snapshot
Safeguarding Crowdsourcing Surveys from ChatGPT through Prompt Injection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4300-4312openalex-snapshot
Research trends on CAPTCHA: A systematic literature
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v13.p006-013openalex-snapshot
A Usability Study on the Perception of Elderly Users Interacting with CAPTCHAs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18280/isi.270214openalex-snapshot
CAPTCHA Robustness- AI Approach Using to Web Security
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.22624/aims/accrabespoke2022/v34p4openalex-snapshot
Towards the Development of a Machine Learning Enhanceed Framework for Honeypot and CAPTCHA Intrusion Detection Systems
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.23919/cisti49556.2020.9140983openalex-snapshot
Exploratory Overview on Breaking CAPTCHAs Using the Theory of the Consolidated Meta-Analytic Approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2022.018929openalex-snapshot
Usability and Security of Arabic Text-based CAPTCHA Using Visual Cryptography
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2022.019913openalex-snapshot
A Parametric Study of Arabic Text-Based CAPTCHA Difficulty for Humans
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2020.01.005openalex-snapshot
Cloud based Distributed Denial of Service Alleviation System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1720547openalex-snapshot
Structuring privacy policy: an AI approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/app9102010openalex-snapshot
A Low-Cost Approach to Crack Python CAPTCHAs Using AI-Based Chosen-Plaintext Attack
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194084openalex-snapshot
Secure CAPTCHA by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0218openalex-snapshot
Examination of the impact of cyber security on networks operations: A case of Vodafone Ghana
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i10.30209openalex-snapshot
Dark Web Illegal Activities Crawling and Classifying Using Data Mining Techniques
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5533-6.ch014openalex-snapshot
Charting New Frontiers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.01067openalex-snapshot
Four-Dimensional Usability Investigation of Image CAPTCHA
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.01070openalex-snapshot
Usability Investigation on the Localization of Text CAPTCHAs: Take Chinese Characters as a Case Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2309.00744openalex-snapshot
"Make Them Change it Every Week!": A Qualitative Exploration of Online Developer Advice on Usable and Secure Authentication
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.52255/smarttourism.2022.2.4.2openalex-snapshot
The Effect of CAPTCHA Exposure on Traveler's Online Behaviors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2020.142openalex-snapshot
Development of authentication-based CAPTCHA mechanism on touch screen environment
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