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Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs in Germany: Characteristics and Earning s Differentials

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Does Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self‐Employment
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Germany’s Economic Unification: An Assessment after Ten Years
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1997.tb02029.xopenalex-snapshot
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIGINS: A LONGITUDINAL INQUIRY
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EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00431.xopenalex-snapshot
I Can't Get No Satisfaction—Necessity Entrepreneurship and Procedural Utility
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Social Capital, Cognition, and Entrepreneurial Opportunities: A Theoretical Framework
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A General Theory of Entrepreneurship

What points at this work

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Disparities in entrepreneurial activity and attitude across EU countries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2026.2712574openalex-snapshot
Opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship and education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1688136openalex-snapshot
Creative industries agglomeration and entrepreneurship in China: necessity or opportunity?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2023.2226091openalex-snapshot
Imitation or innovation? New ventures’ NPD strategies in emerging markets
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2016.1270947openalex-snapshot
No More Status Quo! Canadian Web-Series Creators’ Entrepreneurial Motives Through a Contextualized “Entrepreneuring As Emancipation” Framework
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2021.1915072openalex-snapshot
Relationship between unemployment and new business registrations at the local level: the case of Poland
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2020.1824896openalex-snapshot
Stimulating return migration to Romania: a multi-method study of returnees’ endorsement of entrepreneurship policies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.1874781openalex-snapshot
Women Entrepreneurship and Poverty Alleviation: Understanding the Economic and Socio-cultural Context of the Igbo Women’s Basket Weaving Enterprise in Nigeria
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2024.2447471openalex-snapshot
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Entrepreneurial Dynamics in China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2690789openalex-snapshot
The self-employment paradox in India: growing numbers, declining returns and deepening inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2195023openalex-snapshot
Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship: An East African perspective of SME owner’s choice of joining the family business or independent own founding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2024.2349481openalex-snapshot
Reimagining entrepreneurship in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector: Fresh insights from sub-Saharan Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/26437015.2026.2683549openalex-snapshot
The Human-Centered Entrepreneurship Index (HCE Index) measuring human flourishing and entrepreneurial dynamism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/707356openalex-snapshot
Adjusting to Globalization in Germany
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae073openalex-snapshot
Self-Employment Transitions and Health Outcomes in Later Life: Evidence From China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtad031openalex-snapshot
Empirical issues concerning studies of firm entry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.001.0001openalex-snapshot
A Behavioural Theory of Economic Development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.002.0003openalex-snapshot
Copyright Page
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.002.0004openalex-snapshot
Dedication
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.002.0006openalex-snapshot
List of Figures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.002.0007openalex-snapshot
List of Tables
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0001openalex-snapshot
Introduction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0002openalex-snapshot
Human Behaviour and the Development of Cities and Regions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0003openalex-snapshot
The Psychocultural Life of Cities and Regions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0004openalex-snapshot
Agency, Economic Evolution, and History
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0005openalex-snapshot
Institutions, Capital, and Network Behaviour
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0006openalex-snapshot
The Co-evolution of Culture, Psychology, and Institutions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0007openalex-snapshot
The Nature and Sources of Agency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0008openalex-snapshot
Agency, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0009openalex-snapshot
An Extended Behavioural Model of Economic Development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0010openalex-snapshot
Addressing Unevenness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-06-2025-0215openalex-snapshot
Escaping toxic leaders: how dark leadership fuels entrepreneurial dreams
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2025-0008openalex-snapshot
From steady wages to the self-employment advantage: elderly non-union workers transitioning to self-employment, income and well-being
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/er-11-2017-0263openalex-snapshot
“Bad jobs”: a case study of toilet attendants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-01-2023-0015openalex-snapshot
Higher education student intentions behind becoming an entrepreneur
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-12-2023-0349openalex-snapshot
Dabbled vs sustained self-employment: exploring educational returns within dynamic employment groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ict-05-2024-0042openalex-snapshot
Learning pathways of necessity and opportunity-driven women entrepreneurs: a qualitative study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2022-0042openalex-snapshot
Women entrepreneurial motivation and business performance: the role of learning motivation and female entrepreneurial competencies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-01-2025-0060openalex-snapshot
“I have someone who takes care of me.” social and economic capital of entrepreneurs with disabilities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2018-0102openalex-snapshot
Determinants of livelihood choices and artisanal entrepreneurship in Nigeria
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-08-2025-1247openalex-snapshot
Regulatory efficiency, formal education, and opportunity-motivated versus necessity-motivated entrepreneurship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2013-0218openalex-snapshot
Foreign direct investment and the SME sector
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-02-2018-0097openalex-snapshot
Individual resources, property rights and entrepreneurship in China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-06-2018-0024openalex-snapshot
Lifestyle entrepreneurs in winemaking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jec-02-2024-0032openalex-snapshot
Armed conflict as an entrepreneurial influence: how sub-Saharan African refugees leverage their personal negative experiences in entrepreneurial endeavors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2024-0213openalex-snapshot
Job satisfaction and heterogeneity of entrepreneurship nexus
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0011openalex-snapshot
Performance differentials of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs: through the lens of motivation to learn and female entrepreneurial competencies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-06-2020-0184openalex-snapshot
The determinants of self-employment entry of Palestinian youth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-11-2024-0526openalex-snapshot
Entrepreneurial success in conflict zones: women, indigenous people and informal entrepreneurship in Colombia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-01-2021-0007openalex-snapshot
Fostering entrepreneurship: the crucial role of monitoring schemes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-08-2021-0105openalex-snapshot
Give me your rested, your wealthy, your educated few? A critical discussion of the current literature on immigrant self-employment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-09-2018-0032openalex-snapshot
What kind of firm do you owner-manage? An institutional logics perspective of individuals’ reasons for becoming an entrepreneur
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-05-2020-0129openalex-snapshot
Determinants of corporate social and environmental voluntary disclosure in Saudi listed firms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jgm-11-2015-0055openalex-snapshot
The expat-preneur: conceptualizing a growing international career phenomenon
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jrme-05-2020-0049openalex-snapshot
Multiple intelligence and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition – a failsafe approach of neuromarketing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-07-2024-0127openalex-snapshot
How psychological perceptions and family dynamics shape necessity- and opportunity-based female entrepreneurship: the role of gender equality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/s0147-912120200000048008openalex-snapshot
Defining Opportunity versus Necessity Entrepreneurship: Two Components of Business Creation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/s1074-754020250000024008openalex-snapshot
Does Neurodiversity in Founding Teams Enhance Performance? Investigating a New Type of Diversity in Founding Teams
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/s2040-724620210000013005openalex-snapshot
Underdog Refugee Entrepreneurs and the Challenge-based Model of Entrepreneurship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-03-2017-0011openalex-snapshot
Eliciting a profile of handicraft entrepreneurs in Maboneng
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3232584openalex-snapshot
Social Ties and New Venture Performance: The Moderated Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Motivations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12405openalex-snapshot
How does intellectual property system affect technology entrepreneurship: evidence from Chinese prefecture‐level cities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12269openalex-snapshot
Tomorrow Is Another Day: How Motives of Entrepreneurship Relate to the Pursuit of Business Growth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12394openalex-snapshot
Self‐efficacy and Success of Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs: The Moderating Role of Resilience
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12253openalex-snapshot
Underdog Entrepreneurs: A Model of Challenge–Based Entrepreneurship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/grow.70085openalex-snapshot
The Role of Urban Public Service Inclusivity in Promoting Migrant Entrepreneurship: Evidence From Chinese Cities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00421.xopenalex-snapshot
Entrepreneurial quality and regional development: Characterizing SME sectors in low income areas
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12003openalex-snapshot
D oes Charter Competition Foster Entrepreneurship? A Difference‐in‐Difference Approach to European Company Law Reforms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12111openalex-snapshot
INDIVIDUAL DETERMINANTS OF SELF‐EMPLOYMENT ENTRY: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12780openalex-snapshot
Exploring Self‐Sufficient Labor Market Paths of Entrepreneurial Forced Migrants: The Role of Neighborhood Poverty and Co‐Ethnics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12060openalex-snapshot
How Do Risk Attitudes Differ within the Group of Entrepreneurs? The Role of Motivation and Procedural Utility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12400openalex-snapshot
Cross-Country Determinants of Early-Stage Necessity and Opportunity-Motivated Entrepreneurship: Accounting for Model Uncertainty
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12289openalex-snapshot
How does distance to urban centres influence necessity and opportunity‐based firm start‐ups?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12482openalex-snapshot
Economic growth through entrepreneurship: Determinants of self‐employed income across regional economies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12977openalex-snapshot
Satisfaction of basic psychological needs and European entrepreneurs' well‐being and health: The association with job satisfaction and entrepreneurial motivation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495822500029openalex-snapshot
Investigating Pull-Entrepreneurship: The Effects of Exogenous Factors on Opportunity Perceptions in OECD Countries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500143openalex-snapshot
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AMERICA ACROSS TYPOLOGIES, GENDER AND MOTIVATION
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946721500229openalex-snapshot
UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESSES OF NECESSITY MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN DEVELOPING CONTEXTS: THE TIJUANA CASE
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