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Pre-clinical models in pediatric traumatic brain injury—challenges and lessons learned
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2 of the 74 references listed on this page are in the Retraction Watch database as retracted (export 2026-10-28): 10.1038/pr.2017.83 (notice 2022-08-17), 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000603 (notice 2022-07-01).
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21168openalex-snapshot
Selective early cardiolipin peroxidation after traumatic brain injury: an oxidative lipidomics analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21600openalex-snapshot
Glutathione peroxidase activity modulates recovery in the injured immature brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20633openalex-snapshot
Age-dependent reduction of cortical contusion volume by ketones after traumatic brain injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.10007openalex-snapshot
Models of white matter injury: Comparison of infectious, hypoxic‐ischemic, and excitotoxic insults
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.2002.7941openalex-snapshot
Traumatic Brain Injury in the Immature Mouse Brain: Characterization of Regional Vulnerability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00274055openalex-snapshot
Post-traumatic diffuse brain swelling: isolated or associated with cerebral axonal injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03033158openalex-snapshot
Neuropathological and biochemical features of traumatic injury in the developing brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-012-1932-4openalex-snapshot
Morris water maze function and histologic characterization of two age-at-injury experimental models of controlled cortical impact in the immature rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-014-9585-5openalex-snapshot
Progesterone protects mitochondrial function in a rat model of pediatric traumatic brain injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-010-0177-4openalex-snapshot
Newly Postulated Neurodevelopmental Risks of Pediatric Anesthesia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(81)90067-6openalex-snapshot
Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(81)90068-8openalex-snapshot
Responses to cortical injury: II. Widespread depression of the activity of an enzyme in cortex remote from a focal injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(90)90011-copenalex-snapshot
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of excitatory amino acids during central nervous system development
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(91)90104-8openalex-snapshot
A controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in the rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-5316-3.00330-0openalex-snapshot
Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2004.06.003openalex-snapshot
Experience-dependent behavioral plasticity is disturbed following traumatic injury to the immature brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.04.007openalex-snapshot
Mitochondrial response to calcium in the developing brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2004.04.006openalex-snapshot
Apoptotic neurodegeneration in the context of traumatic injury to the developing brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.10.010openalex-snapshot
Neurobehavioral functional deficits following closed head injury in the neonatal pig
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.12.010openalex-snapshot
Differential effects of minocycline on microglial activation and neurodegeneration following closed head injury in the neonate rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.06.002openalex-snapshot
Biomechanical studies in an ovine model of non-accidental head injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2011.12.019openalex-snapshot
Neuropathological changes in a lamb model of non-accidental head injury (the shaken baby syndrome)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2005.04.014openalex-snapshot
Role of caspase-3 in ethanol-induced developmental neurodegeneration
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2006.11.003openalex-snapshot
Activation of caspase-1 dependent interleukins in developmental brain trauma
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2011.06.003openalex-snapshot
Inhalation anesthetic-induced neuronal damage in the developing rhesus monkey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00588-6openalex-snapshot
The effects of combined fluid percussion traumatic brain injury and unilateral entorhinal deafferentation on the juvenile rat brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3195openalex-snapshot
Lipidomics identifies cardiolipin oxidation as a mitochondrial target for redox therapy of brain injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.13openalex-snapshot
The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.83openalex-snapshot
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sex and age differences in phenylephrine mechanisms and outcomes after piglet brain injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2012.713640openalex-snapshot
In vivobiomechanical response of ovine heads to shaken baby syndrome events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/08977150252932352openalex-snapshot
Genes Preferentially Induced by Depolarization after Concussive Brain Injury: Effects of Age and Injury Severity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/08977150260139101openalex-snapshot
Conventional and Functional Proteomics Using Large Format Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis 24 Hours after Controlled Cortical Impact in Postnatal Day 17 Rats
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/08977150260190438openalex-snapshot
Traumatic Axonal Injury after Closed Head Injury in the Neonatal Pig
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/08977150360547053openalex-snapshot
Developing Experimental Models to Address Traumatic Brain Injury in Children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1994.11.135openalex-snapshot
Early Cerebrovascular Response to Head Injury in Immature and Mature Rats
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1994.11.487openalex-snapshot
Different Cerebral Hemodynamic Responses Following Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in the Newborn and Juvenile Pig
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1996.13.189openalex-snapshot
Posttraumatic Hyperemia in Immature, Mature, and Aged Rats: Autoradiographic Determination of Cerebral Blood Flow
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1998.15.693openalex-snapshot
Infant Rat Model of the Shaken Baby Syndrome: Preliminary Characterization and Evidence for the Role of Free Radicals in Cortical Hemorrhaging and Progressive Neuronal Degeneration
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1998.15.707openalex-snapshot
Tirilazad Widens the Therapeutic Window for Riluzole-Induced Attenuation of Progressive Cortical Degeneration in an Infant Rat Model of the Shaken Baby Syndrome
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.273openalex-snapshot
Long-Term Dysfunction Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Immature Rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.0072openalex-snapshot
Repetitive Mild Non-Contusive Brain Trauma in Immature Rats Exacerbates Traumatic Axonal Injury and Axonal Calpain Activation: A Preliminary Report
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.950openalex-snapshot
N -Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Changes after Traumatic Injury to the Developing Brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2008.0845openalex-snapshot
Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Composite Cognitive Function in Piglets
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.3958openalex-snapshot
Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Developing Brain: Effects on Long-Term Functional Outcome and Neuropathology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4113openalex-snapshot
Approach to Modeling, Therapy Evaluation, Drug Selection, and Biomarker Assessments for a Multicenter Pre-Clinical Drug Screening Consortium for Acute Therapies in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Operation Brain Trauma Therapy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4133openalex-snapshot
Synthesis of Findings, Current Investigations, and Future Directions: Operation Brain Trauma Therapy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlv021openalex-snapshot
Minocycline Transiently Reduces Microglia/Macrophage Activation but Exacerbates Cognitive Deficits Following Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury in the Neonatal Rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199603000-00009openalex-snapshot
Effects of Hypothermia on Traumatic Brain Injury in Immature Rats
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001041openalex-snapshot
Tackling the Challenges of Clinical Trials for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000002378openalex-snapshot
Abusive Head Trauma and Mortality–An Analysis From an International Comparative Effectiveness Study of Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e31826f5876openalex-snapshot
Differential Effects of FK506 on Structural and Functional Axonal Deficits After Diffuse Brain Injury in the Immature Rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/pai.0000000000000273openalex-snapshot
Semiquantitation of Axonal Injury in Traumatically Damaged Brains Using Color Deconvolution
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000000603openalex-snapshot
Preferential Protection of Cerebral Autoregulation and Reduction of Hippocampal Necrosis With Norepinephrine After Traumatic Brain Injury in Female Piglets*
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000000610openalex-snapshot
Effectiveness of Pharmacological Therapies for Intracranial Hypertension in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury—Results From an Automated Data Collection System Time-Synched to Drug Administration
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0b013e3182712b44openalex-snapshot
Dopamine Prevents Impairment of Autoregulation After Traumatic Brain Injury in the Newborn Pig Through Inhibition of Up-regulation of Endothelin-1 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0b013e3182975e2fopenalex-snapshot
Differences in Medical Therapy Goals for Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury—An International Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12247openalex-snapshot
Establishing a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Model Platform for TBI Therapy Development: Using C yclosporin A as a Case Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00446.xopenalex-snapshot
Delayed White Matter Injury in a Murine Model of Shaken Baby Syndrome
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1287160openalex-snapshot
Infant Skull and Suture Properties: Measurements and Implications for Mechanisms of Pediatric Brain Injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3146814openalex-snapshot
Diffuse optical monitoring of hemodynamic changes in piglet brain with closed head injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003162openalex-snapshot
Dendrimer-Based Postnatal Therapy for Neuroinflammation and Cerebral Palsy in a Rabbit Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000094151openalex-snapshot
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Quo Vadis?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000094167openalex-snapshot
Gel-Based Hippocampal Proteomic Analysis 2 Weeks following Traumatic Brain Injury to Immature Rats Using Controlled Cortical Impact
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000094168openalex-snapshot
Oxidative Stress in Immature Brain after Traumatic Brain Injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000094172openalex-snapshot
Regionally Distinct Patterns of Calpain Activation and Traumatic Axonal Injury following Contusive Brain Injury in Immature Rats
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000316800openalex-snapshot
Repeat Traumatic Brain Injury in the Juvenile Rat Is Associated with Increased Axonal Injury and Cognitive Impairments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000322448openalex-snapshot
Folic Acid Enhances Early Functional Recovery in a Piglet Model of Pediatric Head Injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199602000-00003openalex-snapshot
Brain Injury after Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Is Exacerbated in Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Transgenic Mice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199605000-00007openalex-snapshot
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle and Neutrophils after Traumatic Brain Injury in Immature Rats1
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0477-04.2004openalex-snapshot
Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Toxicity in Periventricular Leukomalacia: A Protective Role for Topiramate
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07439.2001openalex-snapshot
Differential Expression of Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor-1 and Caspase-3 Genes and Susceptibility to Apoptosis during Brain Development and after Traumatic Brain Injury
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.1.0110openalex-snapshot
A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1994.80.2.0291openalex-snapshot
A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3937174openalex-extracted
Association of Baseline Body Weight with Neurological Deficits, Histology, and Death after Repetitive Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury in the Mouse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23736openalex-snapshot
Juvenile mild traumatic brain injury elicits distinct spatiotemporal astrocyte responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.23270openalex-snapshot
Enhancement of intrinsic neuronal excitability‐mediated by a reduction in hyperpolarization‐activated cation current (Ih) in hippocampal CA1 neurons in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-022-05577-6openalex-snapshot
Animal models of pediatric abusive head trauma
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-021-01337-7openalex-snapshot
Continuous Electroencephalogram and Antiseizure Medication Use in an International Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Population
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44253-025-00109-xopenalex-snapshot
Achieving effective and safe pharmacotherapy in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: a conceptual framework
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.029openalex-snapshot
Deleterious effect of sustained neuroinflammation in pediatric traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.004openalex-snapshot
The emerging role of neutrophils as modifiers of recovery after traumatic injury to the developing brain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.019openalex-snapshot
Toward development of clinically translatable diagnostic and prognostic metrics of traumatic brain injury using animal models: A review and a look forward
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.004openalex-snapshot
Time to reconsider extended erythropoietin treatment for infantile traumatic brain injury?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113318openalex-snapshot
Early life stress increases vulnerability to the sequelae of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101938openalex-snapshot
A review on four different paths to respiratory arrest from brain injury in children; implications for child abuse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpsp.2023.100403openalex-snapshot
Índice neutrófilo linfocito como factor asociado a la mortalidad en los pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico grave
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136430openalex-snapshot
Differential association of baseline body weight and body-weight loss with neurological deficits, histology, and death after repetitive closed head traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.025openalex-snapshot
Therapeutic strategies to target acute and long-term sequelae of pediatric traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110084openalex-snapshot
Developmental functions of microglia: Impact of psychosocial and physiological early life stress
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00782-wopenalex-snapshot
Multimodal characterization of Yucatan minipig behavior and physiology through maturation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6096openalex-snapshot
Experimental Designs for Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Considerations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2019.6405openalex-snapshot
Controlled Cortical Impact Leads to Cognitive and Motor Function Deficits that Correspond to Cellular Pathology in a Piglet Traumatic Brain Injury Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2019.6895openalex-snapshot
The Impact of Traumatic Injury to the Immature Human Brain: A Scoping Review with Insights from Advanced Structural Neuroimaging
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2025.0016openalex-snapshot
Early-Life Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Alters Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.19.623875openalex-snapshot
Severe traumatic brain injury temporally affects cerebral blood flow, endothelial cell phenotype, and cilia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.20.25320782openalex-snapshot
WITHDRAWN: Evidence Suggesting Prolonged Neuroinflammation in a Subset of Children after Moderate/Severe TBI: A UCLA RAPBI Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.02.652172openalex-snapshot
Oxytocin release modulates acute neuroinflammation and improves brain development after pediatric traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bph.16056openalex-snapshot
Acute intranasal treatment with nerve growth factor limits the onset of traumatic brain injury in young rats
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.11.68openalex-snapshot
Open-Field Blast Injury Disrupts Corneal Gene Expression Linked to Ion Transport, Sensory Perception, and Neural Signaling
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221098125openalex-snapshot
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Update on Preclinical Models, Clinical Biomarkers, and the Implications of Cerebrovascular Dysfunction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-020-00601-4openalex-snapshot
Target detection in healthy 4-week old piglets from a passive two-tone auditory oddball paradigm
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002104openalex-snapshot
Letter: Evolution and Impact of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2022.18.e30openalex-snapshot
Effect of MCI-186 on Lipid Peroxidation in Experimental Traumatic Brain Damage in Rats
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.peds17449openalex-snapshot
Midline (central) fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury in pediatric and adolescent rats
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1335849openalex-snapshot
Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.708800openalex-snapshot
Traumatic Injury to the Developing Brain: Emerging Relationship to Early Life Stress
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081663openalex-snapshot
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cell Therapy Limits Tissue Damage and Promotes Tissue Regeneration and Functional Recovery in a Pediatric Piglet Traumatic-Brain-Injury Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070434openalex-snapshot
A Novel Clinical Research Modality for Enrolling Diverse Participants Using a Diverse Team
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9110319openalex-snapshot
Neuro-Inflammation in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury—from Mechanisms to Inflammatory Networks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010004openalex-snapshot
Animal Models of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054463openalex-snapshot
Abusive Head Trauma Animal Models: Focus on Biomarkers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083531openalex-snapshot
Cyclosporine A Accelerates Neurorecovery Transcriptional Trajectory in a Swine Model of Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/life11121352openalex-snapshot
Credibility of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.09.737495openalex-snapshot
Pediatric traumatic brain injury elicits acute neuroinflammation and long-term changes in social, cognitive, and decision-making behaviors in male and female rats
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.70675/2892171fzc838z4d9azbf65zf208dafdf173openalex-snapshot
Contribution of astrocytes in brain vulnerability after juvenile mild traumatic brain injury
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.70675/7dacb9e2z3b14z4c14zbdafzbdcfad78c341openalex-snapshot
Neurovascular unit changes after juvenile traumatic brain injury
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