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Cognitive Reserve, Alzheimer’s Neuropathology, and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09478-4

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Association of Lifespan Cognitive Reserve Indicator With Dementia Risk in the Presence of Brain Pathologies

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Genetic risk of dementia mitigated by cognitive reserve: A cohort study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22810openalex-snapshot

Relationship of medial temporal lobe atrophy, APOE genotype, and cognitive reserve in preclinical A lzheimer's disease

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A neuroimaging approach to capture cognitive reserve: Application to Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186openalex-snapshot

Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis

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The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-011-0195-9openalex-snapshot

Structural and Functional Imaging Correlates of Cognitive and Brain Reserve Hypotheses in Healthy and Pathological Aging

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-014-9268-3openalex-snapshot

Structural Imaging Measures of Brain Aging

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9581-yopenalex-snapshot

Cognitive reserve and cortical thickness in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9640-4openalex-snapshot

Cognitive resilience in clinical and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: the Association of Amyloid and Tau Burden on cognitive performance

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2015.06.001openalex-snapshot

Educational inequalities in aging‐related declines in fluid cognition and the onset of cognitive pathology

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2015.02.002openalex-snapshot

A Life-Course Study of Cognitive Reserve in Dementia—From Childhood to Old Age

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018openalex-snapshot

NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219openalex-snapshot

Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010openalex-snapshot

2019 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.012openalex-snapshot

Clinical and demographic predictors of mild cognitive impairment for converting to Alzheimer's disease and reverting to normal cognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.017openalex-snapshot

Relationship of cognitive reserve and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to the emergence of clinical symptoms in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.004openalex-snapshot

Tau pathology and cognitive reserve in Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.004openalex-snapshot

Time-to-event voxel-based techniques to assess regional atrophy associated with MCI risk of progression to AD

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004openalex-snapshot

Cognitive reserve☆

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.009openalex-snapshot

Is residual memory variance a valid method for quantifying cognitive reserve? A longitudinal application

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101637openalex-snapshot

Prognosis of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia by voxel-wise Cox regression based on FDG PET data

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2017.10.006openalex-snapshot

Evaluating Cognitive Reserve Through the Prism of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003openalex-snapshot

General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70191-6openalex-snapshot

Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702813248openalex-snapshot

What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710001748openalex-snapshot

Conceptual and Measurement Challenges in Research on Cognitive Reserve

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617713000738openalex-snapshot

Quantifying Cognitive Reserve in Older Adults by Decomposing Episodic Memory Variance: Replication and Extension

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2openalex-snapshot

Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2016.1191620openalex-snapshot

Cognitive and brain reserve in conversion and reversion in patients with mild cognitive impairment over 12 months of follow-up

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2013.831820openalex-snapshot

Relationship of cognitive reserve and APOE status to the emergence of clinical symptoms in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh018openalex-snapshot

Relation of Education and Occupation-based Socioeconomic Status to Incident Alzheimer's Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm382openalex-snapshot

Is Complexity of Work Associated with Risk of Dementia?: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq154openalex-snapshot

Measuring cognitive reserve based on the decomposition of episodic memory variance

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx365openalex-snapshot

Predicting progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment for individuals at 5 years

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.5.p251openalex-snapshot

Complexity of Work and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Study of Swedish Twins

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12292openalex-snapshot

Impact of cognitive reserve on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to A lzheimer's disease in J apan

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.xopenalex-snapshot

Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel‐Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535openalex-snapshot

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000368408openalex-snapshot

The Effect of Riding as an Alternative Treatment for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Alzheimer’s disease prevention: from risk factors to early intervention

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-017-0326-yopenalex-snapshot

Posterior atrophy predicts time to dementia in patients with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0365-zopenalex-snapshot

Naming is not explaining: future directions for the “cognitive reserve” and “brain maintenance” theories

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0372-0openalex-snapshot

Correction to: The Edinburgh Consensus: preparing for the advent of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00594-6openalex-snapshot

A computerized version of the Short Form of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FACEmemory®) for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00609-2openalex-snapshot

Improving the resistance and resilience framework for aging and dementia studies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000327670.62378.c0openalex-snapshot

Education and occupation as proxies for reserve in aMCI converters and AD

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000344568.09360.31openalex-snapshot

Hippocampal atrophy rates in Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003397openalex-snapshot

Asymptomatic Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005303openalex-snapshot

Resistance vs resilience to Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007821openalex-snapshot

Cognitive reserve and clinical progression in Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820af900openalex-snapshot

Improving CSF biomarker accuracy in predicting prevalent and incident Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000058openalex-snapshot

The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097openalex-snapshot

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032742openalex-snapshot

The Structure of Mediterranean Rocky Reef Ecosystems across Environmental and Human Gradients, and Conservation Implications

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050940openalex-snapshot

Active Cognitive Lifestyle Is Associated with Positive Cognitive Health Transitions and Compression of Morbidity from Age Sixty-Five

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2014-0013openalex-snapshot

The Value of Delaying Alzheimer’s Disease Onset

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2018-0096openalex-snapshot

Brain structure and cognitive ability in healthy aging: a review on longitudinal correlated change

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40100005openalex-snapshot

Role of cognitive reserve in progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.9.1337openalex-snapshot

Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-151034openalex-snapshot

Searching for Primary Predictors of Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Multivariate Follow-Up Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-160257openalex-snapshot

Occupational Attainment as Risk Factor for Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease: A CREDOS Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-180549openalex-snapshot

The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging: A Multi-Modal Imaging Review

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-181030openalex-snapshot

Cortisol, Amyloid-β, and Reserve Predicts Alzheimer’s Disease Progression for Cognitively Normal Older Adults

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00001openalex-snapshot

Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells as the Drivers of Intramural Periarterial Drainage of the Brain

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00129openalex-snapshot

Lifespan Intellectual Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, and Cognitive Phenotypes in Aging: Implications for Interventions

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Association of Lifespan Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Trajectories Considered Apoe Ε4

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How can secondary dementia prevention trials of Alzheimer's disease be clinically meaningful?

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Investigating reliable amyloid accumulation in Centiloids: Results from the AMYPAD Prognostic and Natural History Study

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Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study

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Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15‐year follow‐up study

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Brain reserve affects the expression of cognitive reserve networks

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Electroencephalography‐based signatures of cognitive resilience in individuals with stable mild cognitive impairment despite carrying a high‐risk for progression to dementia

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Cognitive Reserve: A Life-Course Perspective

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Non-pharmacological Approaches Based on Mind-Body Medicine to Enhancement of Cognitive and Brain Reserve in Humans

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Dementias

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of its efficacy as a function of protocol characteristics and degree of personalization

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Mid- and late-life lifestyle activities as main drivers of general and domain-specific cognitive reserve in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the LANDSCAPE study

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Brain age as an accurate biomarker of preclinical cognitive decline: evidence from a 12-year longitudinal study

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Instruments to Assess Cognitive Reserve Among Older Adults: a Systematic Review of Measurement Properties

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Age-related decline of various cognitive functions in well-experienced male rats treated with the putative anti-aging compound (2R)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-propylpentane-2-amine ((-)BPAP)

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Predicting cognitive decline using tongue pressure: a novel, non-invasive screening strategy for dementia in geriatric dentistry

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Physical reserve: construct development and predictive utility

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The relationship between cognitive reserve and the spontaneous use of emotion regulation strategies in older adults: a cross-sectional study

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s-CRIq: the online short version of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire

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Cognitive reserve can impact trajectories in ageing: a longitudinal study

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Exome analysis of 22,319 individuals links extremely rare copy-number variants and 22q11.21 dosage to Alzheimer risk

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Pairwise Comparisons of COVID-19 Infection and Smoking Behaviors on Subjective Cognitive Decline

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Le vieillissement somatique et neurocognitif des personnes autistes

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Does personality affect the cognitive decline in aging? A systematic review

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Effectiveness of community-based health education on modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among older adults: a scoping review

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Facing healthy and pathological aging: A systematic review of fMRI task-based studies to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive reserve

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In a circuit necessary for cognition and emotional affect, Alzheimer's-like pathology associates with neuroinflammation, cognitive and motivational deficits in the young adult TgF344-AD rat

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Joint association of cognitive reserve and frailty with incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

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How Do Modifiable Risk Factors Affect Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology or Mitigate Its Effect on Clinical Symptom Expression?

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The hormesis principle of neuroplasticity and neuroprotection

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Long-term exposure to atmospheric metals and cognitive performance in rural and semi-urban areas in the Constances cohort

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The relationship between cognitive reserve focused on leisure experiences and cognitive functions in bipolar patients

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Early-life cognitive intervention preserves brain function in aged TgF344-AD rats with sex-specific effects

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The role of cognitive and brain reserve in late-life depressive events: The Rotterdam Study

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Trajectories of cognitive decline before and after new-onset loneliness: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

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Predicting dementia risk using neuroimaging and cognitive assessment

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The association between social frailty, psychological resilience, and subsequent cognitive outcomes in older adults: A prospective cohort study

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Cognitive reserve profiles are associated with outcome in schizophrenia.

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A comprehensive protocol to study the effects of multilingualism on cognition and the brain in patients with progressive neurological diseases

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The role of glucose in cognition, risk of dementia, and related biomarkers in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus or the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of observational studies

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Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive and motor function in α-synucleinopathies: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis

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Studying the effect of Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori, and Varicella zoster microorganisms in stimulating the expression of cytokines TNFα, IFNɤ, TGFβ, IL-10 in Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer patients

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Genetic evidence that the causal association of educational attainment with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease is driven by intelligence

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Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive reserve in hypometabolic subtypes of Alzheimer's disease

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Higher soluble ADAM10 plasma levels are associated with decreased cognitive performance in older adults carrying APOEε4

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The relationships between cognitive reserve, cognitive functioning and quality of life in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders

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Structural social factors modify the association between Alzheimer’s pathology and cognitive function

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Potential intervention targets to improve cognitive empathy in older adulthood

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Should all MCI with Alzheimer’s biological diagnosis receive anti-amyloid therapy?

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Physical reserve and its underpinning functional neural networks moderate the relationship between white matter hyperintensity and postural balance in older adults with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment

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Association of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and inflammatory indices with cognitive impairment severity in Alzheimer’s disease

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U shaped association between sleep duration and long term cognitive decline trajectories in a national cohort

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Moderating effect of the domains of the cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) on longitudinal change slopes in episodic memory across the cognitive aging continuum

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A narrative video game for adults with subjective and objective cognitive impairment. Design and preliminary results on user-interaction and efficacy

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Cognitive reserve, cognition, and real-world functioning in MCI: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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The complex interplay between cognitive reserve, age of diagnosis and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective study

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Measures of cognitive reserve: An umbrella review

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Cognitive reserve in the recovery and rehabilitation of stroke and traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

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Cognitive reserve: The role of occupational experience

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Discourse-based verbal working memory training and transfer effects for individuals with an amnestic type of mild cognitive impairment

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Oral microbiome in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

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Estimation of cognitive reserve and its impact on cognitive performance in older adults

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Long term effects of severe acquired brain injury: A follow-up investigation on the role of cognitive reserve on cognitive outcomes

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Effect of 3D-MOT training on the execution of manual dexterity skills in a population of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia

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Cognitive reserve and aging: Impacts on theory of mind and executive functions

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Adaptation and preliminary validation of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) for the Malayalam-speaking population

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Quantification of the robustness of functional neural networks: application to the characterization of Alzheimer’s disease continuum

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Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project (MERGER-NP): standardized regression-based formulas and multivariate base rates for evaluating cognitive change

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Speak, memory: on cognitive reserve and brain resilience

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Right fronto-parietal networks mediate the neurocognitive benefits of enriched environments

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Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Efficiency of Prefrontal Cortex Activation Patterns of Gait in Older Adults

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Social Networks and Cognitive Reserve: Network Structure Moderates the Association Between Amygdalar Volume and Cognitive Outcomes

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APOE genotype and cognitive decline: educational context as a moderator of genetic risk

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Leisure-related cognitive reserve and postoperative cognitive outcomes after brain tumor surgery

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The aging brain: risk factors and interventions for long term brain health in women

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Cognitive Reserve in Individuals Aging With Traumatic Brain Injury: Independent and Interactive Effects on Cognitive Functioning

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Neurofilament light protein as a biomarker in depression and cognitive function

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Exome analysis of 22,319 individuals links extremely rare CNVs and 22q11.21 dosage to Alzheimer’s risk

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.07.622257openalex-snapshot

Resting-state connectivity modifies the effects of amyloid on cognitive and physical function: evidence for network-based cognitive reserve

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.22.25320988openalex-snapshot

Brain Age: A Promising Biomarker for Understanding Aging in the Context of Cognitive Reserve

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.19.25324277openalex-snapshot

Lifetime experiences as proxies of cognitive reserve predict cognition and motor function beyond multimodal MRI brain measures in healthy adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13828openalex-snapshot

Risk of Dementia in Patients Suffering From Psychosis—A Danish Register‐Based Cohort Study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cura.12448openalex-snapshot

Museums and the Aging Brain

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17979openalex-snapshot

Cognitive reserve and risk of mobility impairment in older adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18340openalex-snapshot

Impact of educational attainment on time to cognitive decline among marginalized older adults: Cohort study of 20,311 adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.70241openalex-snapshot

Clinical and MRI Correlates of β‐Amyloid Load Inconsistent With Its Presumed Neurotoxicity in Cognitively Healthy Ageing

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12323openalex-snapshot

The indirect effect of cognitive reserve on the relationship between age and cognition in pathological ageing: A cross‐sectional retrospective study in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.70016openalex-snapshot

Gaps in dementia knowledge: a nationwide study of public awareness and misconceptions in Bulgaria

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1134/s2079057024600204openalex-snapshot

Mechanisms of Neurocognitive Adaptation during Aging Process

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1159/000531109openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Activities, Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Cognitive Impairment, with an Analysis of the Apolipoprotein Epsilon 4 Genotype

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1159/000531743openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Impairment and Risk Factors in Post-COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1159/000538615openalex-snapshot

Estimating Gender Differences in the Association between Cognitive Resilience and Mild Cognitive Impairment Incidence

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1159/000551780openalex-snapshot

Tooth Loss as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Evidence

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.125.042672openalex-snapshot

Prioritizing Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Consensus Statement From the Adults With Congenital Heart Disease/Neuro 2024 Conference

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/08919887261457447openalex-snapshot

Mild Behavioural Impairment and Everyday Functioning in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: Evidence From the CAN-PROTECT Study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/08982643261423253openalex-snapshot

Early Book Access and Cognitive Aging: Longitudinal Evidence on Cognitive Advantages and Rates of Decline

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251324236openalex-snapshot

Predictors of transitions between normal cognition, cognitive impairment, and dementia in a longitudinal cohort

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251378520openalex-snapshot

Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly populations: A multi-module analysis integrating air quality and sociodemographic factors

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251385423openalex-snapshot

Novel predictors of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome identified using machine learning

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261496419openalex-snapshot

Education as a proxy for cognitive reserve, and its moderating role in the amyloid–cognition relationship across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: A systematic review and meta-analysis

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241284810openalex-snapshot

Development of a digital multidomain lifestyle intervention for mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study on the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02535-5openalex-snapshot

Comparative evaluation of automated MRI-based brain volumetry software for estimating cognitive domains in early Alzheimer’s disease

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03509-8openalex-snapshot

Investigating cognitive reserve, symptom resolution and brain connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-026-08041-wopenalex-snapshot

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the short version of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (s-CRIq): a cross-sectional study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24693-xopenalex-snapshot

The association between cognitive reserve and cognitive function trajectories in older adults: a Chinese nationally representative cohort study with group-based trajectory modeling

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29407-5openalex-snapshot

Cognitive heterogeneity, health dynamics, and subjective well-being across adulthood: evidence from the German SOEP longitudinal panel

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-023-01206-9openalex-snapshot

Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk and cognitive reserve in relationship to long-term cognitive trajectories among cognitively normal individuals

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01941-1openalex-snapshot

Dysbiotic shift in the oral microbiota of patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to their healthy life partners—a combinatorial approach and a paired study design

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02031-6openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Reserve in rural and urban populations: Insights from two aging cohorts in southern India

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01831-5openalex-snapshot

The protective role of cognitive reserve: an empirical study in mild cognitive impairment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04849-zopenalex-snapshot

Moral decision-making in real and sacrificial contexts: a pilot study on social cognition in mild cognitive impairment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000012728openalex-snapshot

Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive Trajectories

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.10954openalex-snapshot

El rol de las actividades del tiempo libre en la reserva cognitiva en adultos mayores

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280580openalex-snapshot

The effect of damage to the white matter network and premorbid intellectual ability on postoperative verbal short-term memory and functional outcome in patients with brain lesions

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320492openalex-snapshot

Neural correlates of frailty in cognitively healthy adults: A multimodal imaging study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331193openalex-snapshot

A new program for systematically enhancing cognitive reserve in healthy adults: A pilot randomized active-controlled clinical trial

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338596openalex-snapshot

Association of cognitive reserve with 9-year domain-specific cognitive trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment in Mexican older adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2026e15447openalex-snapshot

A multilevel conceptual framework for dementia: from life-course mechanisms to public health strategies

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2023.40.1.8openalex-snapshot

Adaptación argentina del Cuestionario de Reserva Cognitiva: CRC-a

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17352/aadc.000026openalex-snapshot

Mapping the connections between education and the risk of dementia

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2025.032openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Reserve: A Crucial Construct for Addressing Mental Health

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300102openalex-snapshot

Construction of Productive Ageing: Biological, Psychological and Environmental Factors

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17816/cp15526openalex-snapshot

Mechanisms and functions of the cerebral-cognitive reserve in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204909openalex-snapshot

Cognitive reserve, neuropathology, and progression towards Alzheimer’s disease

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204943openalex-snapshot

Effect of cognitive reserve on the association between slow wave sleep and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v23i2.7072openalex-snapshot

Complejidad laboral y de las tareas del hogar y su relación con el rendimiento cognitivo en adultos mayores, mujeres y varones

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10847343/v1openalex-snapshot

Clinical expression beyond measured Alzheimer disease molecular pathology: a discovery and external evaluation study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3127129/v1openalex-snapshot

Poor periodontal health is linked to impaired cognitive performance in older people: A cross-sectional study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8060417/v1openalex-snapshot

A7-HBM–ΩΦ: An Integrated Seven-Band Neurogeometric Model of Cognition Combining Computational Simulations, Neurogeometry, and Experimental Frameworks

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360671/v1openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychological Impairments in Dogs (CANID): An Efficient, Repeatable, and Sensitive Evaluation for Age-related Cognitive Dysfunction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-311openalex-snapshot

Outpatient management of patients with vascular cognitive impairment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.110openalex-snapshot

Development of the “Construction of aging strategies” questionnaire

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/66838openalex-snapshot

Neural Mechanism of Cognitive Reserve in Acupuncture Stimulation: Protocol for a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Trial

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-6-5-12openalex-snapshot

Virtual reality as a personifi cation method for training memory and attention (non-systematic review)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-1-4-15openalex-snapshot

Frailty in modern geriatrics and neurology

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30973/2023/amn25openalex-snapshot

Asociación Mexicana de Neuropsicología. 25 años de práctica clínica e investigación

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-215044openalex-snapshot

Birth Cohorts and Cognitive Reserve Influence Cognitive Performances in Older Adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-215122openalex-snapshot

Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, Physical, and Psychosocial Determinants of Cognitive Reserve

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-220374openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Improvement After Multi-Domain Lifestyle Interventions in an APOE ɛ4 Homozygous Carrier with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case Report and Literature Review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-220890openalex-snapshot

Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Physiological Measures of Cognitive Workload in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairments

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-221110openalex-snapshot

Using Cognitive Reserve to Create Norms for the TMA-93 (Relational Binding of Images)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-230131openalex-snapshot

Hippocampal Volume and Episodic Associative Memory Identify Memory Risk in Subjective Cognitive Decline Individuals in the CIMA-Q Cohort, Regardless of Cognitive Reserve Level and APOE4 Status

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-231121openalex-snapshot

Tipping the Balance Between Cognitive Reserve, Frailty, and Dementia in the Very Old?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1351523openalex-snapshot

Metabolites of intestinal fora can be used as diagnostic and progressive markers for mild cognitive impairment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2024.1458553openalex-snapshot

The absence of formal work experience may affect the rate of cognitive decline in older adult women: findings from the health and retirement study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1858790openalex-snapshot

Identification of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and critical appraisal of existing models

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.737736openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Trajectories and Dementia Risk: A Comparison of Two Cognitive Reserve Measures

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.740005openalex-snapshot

Harmonisation and Between-Country Differences of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire in Older Adults

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.966647openalex-snapshot

Association between playing cards/mahjong and risk of incident dementia among the Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1146335openalex-snapshot

Association between occlusal support and cognitive impairment in older Chinese adults: a community-based study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1328301openalex-snapshot

Definition and analysis of gray matter atrophy subtypes in mild cognitive impairment based on data-driven methods

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398015openalex-snapshot

Second language learning in older adults modulates Stroop task performance and brain activation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1708268openalex-snapshot

Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: evidence from population-based and clinical PET cohorts including cognitively normal and cognitively impaired participants

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2026.1931028openalex-snapshot

Kinestesia: the prefrontal EEG response to a cognitive-motor intervention is graded by baseline cognitive status

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1346858openalex-snapshot

Safety and efficacy of acupuncture for mild cognitive impairment: a study protocol for clinical study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.821654openalex-snapshot

Prevalence of Constipation in Elderly and Its Association With Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1722639openalex-snapshot

Comparative effectiveness of rhythmic grip training of various intensities on cognitive function in young adults: a fNIRS study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1921933openalex-snapshot

Risk factors and development of a predictive model for post-traumatic cognitive impairment in patients with frontal lobe cerebral contusion

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1882982openalex-snapshot

Review of glioblastoma and systemic comorbidities

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1900685openalex-snapshot

Associations between cognitive reserve, iron deposition in the basal ganglia, and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149769openalex-snapshot

The impact of hearing loss on cognitive impairment: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of social relationships

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1780451openalex-snapshot

Association between education level and cognitive trajectories from midlife to late life: the mediating role of urban–rural residence

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2025.1592464openalex-snapshot

Gait analysis in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a bibliometric analysis of global trends, hotspots, and emerging frontiers

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081931openalex-snapshot

Could the Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Reduce the Risk of Developing Dementia?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010004openalex-snapshot

Futurization of Aging: Subjective Beliefs and Effects

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090708openalex-snapshot

Clinical Profiles in Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive Reserve and Motor Impairment along Disease Duration

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171883openalex-snapshot

Dynamics of Cognitive Impairment in MCI Patients over a Three-Year Period: The Informative Role of Blood Biomarkers, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Factors

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121207openalex-snapshot

Aging Well and Autism: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Future Research

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233162openalex-snapshot

Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor for Visuospatial Ability in Healthy Aging

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14070924openalex-snapshot

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Adaptation of the Subjective Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire Based on Modifiable Lifestyle Factors (SCR-Q)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104577openalex-snapshot

Shorter Telomere Length in Individuals with Neurocognitive Disorder and APOE ε4 Genotype

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051759openalex-snapshot

The Protective Role of Cognitive Reserve in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020144openalex-snapshot

Assessing Lifestyle Behaviours of People Living with Neurological Conditions: A Panoramic View of Community Dwelling Australians from 2007–2018

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060925openalex-snapshot

Effect of Treatment of the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Mild Cognitive Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17050074openalex-snapshot

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Preliminary Study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114080openalex-snapshot

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/sclerosis2020006openalex-snapshot

Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0744-7.32openalex-snapshot

Educare alla longevità: la promozione del metodo Montessori come pedagogia dell’inclusione e cura, tra infanzia e senilità

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v29-is2-2021-10openalex-snapshot

The reserve of brain: structure, modulators, capacity

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.37586/2949-4745-2-2023-94-101openalex-snapshot

Mechanisms of Neurocognitive Adaptation during Aging Process

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2025.0218openalex-snapshot

Clinical Implications of an Integrated Clinical and Biological Staging Scheme for Alzheimer’s Disease

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.52294/001c.141046openalex-snapshot

Moderation between resting-state connectivity and brain amyloid levels on speed of cognitive and physical function in older adults: Evidence for network-based cognitive reserve

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.115839openalex-snapshot

Construction and validation of a predictive model for the risk of emergence delirium in older adult patients

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22618441openalex-snapshot

Additional file 1 of Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk and cognitive reserve in relationship to long-term cognitive trajectories among cognitively normal individuals

Editorial review for independent work. ICSAC — the Institute for Complexity Science and Advanced Computing — runs a structured editorial panel for researchers publishing outside journals, and publishes on CiteStamp rails. Submission is free and goes through ORCID: icsacinstitute.org/submit.