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Exploring the geography of retail success and decline: A case study of the Liverpool City Region

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-014-9111-5openalex-snapshot
Measuring the Impact of Out-of-town Retail Development on Town Centre Retail Property in England and Wales
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-6989(95)00037-2openalex-snapshot
British retailing: the institutional context
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2006.05.001openalex-snapshot
From ‘creative city’ to ‘no-go areas’ – The expansion of the night-time economy in British town and city centres
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2008.12.001openalex-snapshot
Town centre management models: A European perspective
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.04.001openalex-snapshot
Confused branding? An exploratory study of place branding practices among place management professionals
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.03.002openalex-snapshot
National high street retail and town centre policy at a cross roads in England and Wales
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.11.013openalex-snapshot
Measuring the spatial vulnerability of retail centres to online consumption through a framework of e-resilience
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2004.11.007openalex-snapshot
Decline in the British small shop independent retail sector: exploring European parallels
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2006.09.001openalex-snapshot
Substitution or complementarity? How the Internet changes city centre shopping
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2007.03.003openalex-snapshot
The evolving concept of retail attractiveness: What makes retail agglomerations attractive when customers shop at them?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.08.013openalex-snapshot
Estimating attractiveness, hierarchy and catchment area extents for a national set of retail centre agglomerations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1068/a38105openalex-snapshot
Performance Measurement in UK Town Centre Management Schemes and US Business Improvement Districts: Comparisons and UK Implications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1068/a42390openalex-snapshot
Small Shop Decline: Shadow Boxing in the Dark?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1068/a42474openalex-snapshot
Commentary
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1068/a44270openalex-snapshot
Resilience, Fragility, and Adaptation: New Evidence on the Performance of UK High Streets during Global Economic Crisis and its Policy Implications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1060863openalex-snapshot
Small towns resisting urban decay through residential attractiveness. Findings from Denmark
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980220119570openalex-snapshot
The Changing Competitive Relationship between Small Town Centres and Out-of-town Retailing: Town Revival in South Wales
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2016.1240705openalex-snapshot
Adaptive resilience and the competition between retail and service agglomeration formats: an international perspective
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09593960500453435openalex-snapshot
Life after PPG6—recent UK food retailer responses to planning regulation tightening
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969500000025openalex-snapshot
Small town shopping decline: dependence and inconvenience for the disadvanged
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560701865057openalex-snapshot
Planning for retail development: a critical view of the British experience
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2015.1016098openalex-snapshot
Death of the high street: identification, prevention, reinvention
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550010319959openalex-snapshot
Local resistance to larger retailers: the example of market towns and the food superstore in the UK
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550710758630openalex-snapshot
Perspectives on retail format innovation: relating theory and practice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550910975808openalex-snapshot
Importance‐performance analysis as a tool in evaluating town centre management effectiveness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/09590551011062439openalex-snapshot
Localisation as a marketing strategy for small retailers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-01-2018-0025openalex-snapshot
Buy online collect in-store: exploring grocery click&collect using a national case study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/jcre-12-2014-0033openalex-snapshot
Emerging implications of online retailing for real estate
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9671.00058openalex-snapshot
Defining and Delineating the Central Areas of Towns for Statistical Monitoring Using Continuous Surface Representations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12138openalex-snapshot
A Modified DBSCAN Clustering Method to Estimate Retail Center Extent
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00889.xopenalex-snapshot
Re‐imaging the City Centre for the Middle Classes: Regeneration, Gentrification and Symbolic Policies in ‘Loser Cities’
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00041.xopenalex-snapshot
The Business Improvement District Model: A Balanced Review of Contemporary Debates
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098007088468openalex-snapshot
Mobilising Urban Policies: The Policy Transfer of US Business Improvement Districts to England and Wales
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319840666openalex-snapshot
Beyond retail: New ways of classifying UK shopping and consumption spaces
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.1.3636.9442openalex-snapshot
British High Streets: from Crisis to Recovery? A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0518openalex-snapshot
Can Offline Stores Drive Online Sales?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.1926openalex-snapshot
The Credit Crunch and the High Street: ‘Coming like a Ghost Town’
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.69554/iocd3607openalex-snapshot
Traditional or experiential places? Exploring research needs and practitioner challenges in the management of town centres beyond the economic crisis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7366/1509499526001openalex-snapshot
Retail resilience: A theoretical framework for understanding town centre dynamics

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Making of Vibrant Town Centres: What Can We Learn from a Local Shopping Street?
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City, Neighbourhood and Citizens
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Transformations in Retail in the Digital Age
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Geographies of Consumption
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-021-09417-zopenalex-snapshot
Understanding Town Centre Performance in Wales: Using GIS to Develop a Tool for Benchmarking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-022-09494-8openalex-snapshot
An Investigation of the Impact and Resilience of British High Streets Following the COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-022-00022-0openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.08.002openalex-snapshot
Retail after COVID: Impacts on accessibility
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Commercial dynamics in urban China during the COVID-19 recession: Vulnerability and short-term adaptation of commercial centers in Shanghai
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Revealing the heterogeneity of social capital in shrinking cities from a social infrastructure perspective: Evidence from Hegang, China
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Diffusion of the Internet-of-Things (IoT): A framework based on smart retail technology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103700openalex-snapshot
The death of neighborhood food outlets: Untangling spatial determinants of food retail environment vulnerability via interpretable machine learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102799openalex-snapshot
Mega-retail-led regeneration in the shrinking city: Panacea or placebo?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103364openalex-snapshot
Does buying intangible services online increase the frequency of trips to consume these services?
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Digital marketing activities by Dutch place management partnerships: A resource-based view
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103571openalex-snapshot
A sustainability assessment framework for the high street
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103579openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103796openalex-snapshot
Reconsidering retailers' resilience and the city: A mixed method case study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104029openalex-snapshot
Growing threat to urban retail? Residential suburbanization and shopping behavior change in Shanghai, China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104457openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.104942openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105329openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105668openalex-snapshot
Location differs between traditional and new retail: A comparison analysis of Starbucks and Luckin Coffee in China using machine learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.106222openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.106590openalex-snapshot
The thermalscapes of urban consumption: Informal shading practices in a hot Brazilian city centre
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.106765openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102991openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102501openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102645openalex-snapshot
COVID-19 and retail: The catalyst for e-commerce in Belgium?
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What retail apocalypse? A Delphi forecast of commercial space demand in the Toronto region
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103740openalex-snapshot
Shopping mall detachment: Why do some consumers avoid malls?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104174openalex-snapshot
Cafe geography tells how locations vary across retail models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104232openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104540openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104730openalex-snapshot
The role of streetscape quality in coffee shop location shifts: A case study of the Hongdae retail district in Seoul
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105069openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103733openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2026.104563openalex-snapshot
The 15-min city in transition: Spatial and structural evolution of proximity to essential services in Sweden over 25 years
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2026.104678openalex-snapshot
A five-component conceptual model of calculated and perceived accessibility: Literature review and research directions
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2025.2586000openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/02690942241258138openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/2399808320966607openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040085openalex-snapshot
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