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In Vitro Metabolism of the Brominated Flame Retardants 2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-Tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in Human and Rat Tissues

https://doi.org/10.1021/tx300086x
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Health risks posed by use of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC medical devices: A critical review
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Accumulation and DNA damage in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 2 brominated flame-retardant mixtures, Firemaster® 550 and Firemaster® BZ-54
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999openalex-snapshot
A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3279-6openalex-snapshot
Development of liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of halogenated flame retardants in wastewater
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3705-9openalex-snapshot
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The mechanism for nonspecific lipase from rat pancreas
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.11.008openalex-snapshot
Measurement of flame retardants and triclosan in municipal sewage sludge and biosolids
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00852-xopenalex-snapshot
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants
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Enzymes involved in the detoxification of organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides through hydrolysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/ac012480yopenalex-snapshot
Peer Reviewed: Systematic LC/MS Metabolite Identification in Drug Discovery
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n045.p013aopenalex-snapshot
Great Lakes To Phase Out Flame Retardants
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es103934xopenalex-snapshot
Species-Specific Differences and Structure−Activity Relationships in the Debromination of PBDE Congeners in Three Fish Species
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es2007462openalex-snapshot
Identification of Flame Retardants in Polyurethane Foam Collected from Baby Products
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es203251fopenalex-snapshot
2-Ethylhexyl Tetrabromobenzoate and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Tetrabromophthalate Flame Retardants in the Great Lakes Atmosphere
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es801070popenalex-snapshot
Alternate and New Brominated Flame Retardants Detected in U.S. House Dust
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es9014019openalex-snapshot
Detection of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Furniture Foam and U.S. House Dust
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es901408topenalex-snapshot
Temporal Trends of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Detection of Two Novel Flame Retardants in Marine Mammals from Hong Kong, South China
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Flame-Retardants and Other Organohalogens Detected in Sewage Sludge by Electron Capture Negative Ion Mass Spectrometry
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Structure-Activity Relationships for Substrates and Inhibitors of Mammalian Liver Microsomal Carboxylesterases
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.49.76openalex-snapshot
Characterization of Human Salivary Esterase in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Phthalate Esters.

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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In silico metabolism and toxicity prediction using a knowledge-based approach
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Transformation Products of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs)
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Accumulation and Endocrine Disrupting Effects of the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster ® 550 in Rats: An Exploratory Assessment
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A review of the success and challenges in characterizing human dermal exposure to flame retardants
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Human biomonitoring of emerging pollutants through non-invasive matrices: state of the art and future potential
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SPME-based investigation of thapsigargin-induced alterations in the volatilome of human melanoma cells
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Health Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Soil Across China Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00014-4openalex-snapshot
Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Brominated Flame Retardants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2022.114887openalex-snapshot
Metabolic perturbations in human hepatocytes induced by bis (2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate exposure: Insights from high-coverage quantitative metabolomics
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Estrogenic and androgenic activities of TBBA and TBMEPH, metabolites of novel brominated flame retardants, and selected bisphenols, using the XenoScreen XL YES/YAS assay
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.098openalex-snapshot
Phosphate flame retardants and novel brominated flame retardants in home-produced eggs from an e-waste recycling region in China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.091openalex-snapshot
Comparison of in vitro hormone activities of novel flame retardants TBB, TBPH and their metabolites TBBA and TBMEPH using reporter gene assays
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.017openalex-snapshot
First insight into human extrahepatic metabolism of flame retardants: Biotransformation of EH-TBB and Firemaster-550 components by human skin subcellular fractions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.181openalex-snapshot
Quantification of 16 urinary biomarkers of exposure to flame retardants, plasticizers, and organophosphate insecticides for biomonitoring studies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126653openalex-snapshot
Effects of novel brominated flame retardants and metabolites on cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126816openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137968openalex-snapshot
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Brominated flame retardants and legacy organochlorines in archived human placenta samples: Sex differences, temporal analysis and associations with infant birth weight.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141237openalex-snapshot
Interspecies comparison of metabolism of two novel prototype PFAS
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.018openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100359openalex-snapshot
Nephrotoxicity of flame retardants: An understudied but critical toxic endpoint
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118920openalex-snapshot
Tetrabromophthalate bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TBPH) exposure induces renal inflammation injury by activating MAVS-IRF3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo models
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Human biomonitoring of novel brominated flame retardants: A review on invasive and non-invasive biomarkers
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Human exposure to microplastics and insights into microplastics as obesogens and other metabolic disorders
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Evaluation of in vitro vs. in vivo methods for assessment of dermal absorption of organic flame retardants: A review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.029openalex-snapshot
Regional comparison of organophosphate flame retardant (PFR) urinary metabolites and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) in mother-toddler pairs from California and New Jersey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.015openalex-snapshot
Associations between flame retardant applications in furniture foam, house dust levels, and residents' serum levels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.001openalex-snapshot
Exposure to organophosphate flame retardant chemicals in the U.S. general population: Data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105227openalex-snapshot
Novel and legacy flame retardants in paired human fingernails and indoor dust samples
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107097openalex-snapshot
Metabolic transformation of environmentally-relevant brominated flame retardants in Fauna: A review
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Characterization of the Fundulus heteroclitus embryo transcriptional response and development of a gene expression-based fingerprint of exposure for the alternative flame retardant, TBPH (bis (2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117476openalex-snapshot
A review on the analytical procedures of halogenated flame retardants by gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry and their levels in human samples
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124110openalex-snapshot
Children's Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants in the Home: The Tesie Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.037openalex-snapshot
Identification of potential biomarkers of exposure to diundecyl phthalate
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.028openalex-snapshot
Effects of novel brominated flame retardant TBPH and its metabolite TBMEHP on human vascular endothelial cells: Implication for human health risks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108678openalex-snapshot
Integrated exposure assessment of northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nestlings to legacy and emerging organic pollutants using non-destructive samples
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Multi-process regulation of novel brominated flame retardants: Environmentally friendly substitute design, screening and environmental risk regulation
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A proposed biomarker for human citric acid ester (CAE) exposure, and the potential disturbance on human lipid metabolism
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A modified QuEChERS method coupled with GC–MS/MS for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardant residues in animal-derived foods
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Bioaccumulation of Dechloranes, organophosphate esters, and other flame retardants in Great Lakes fish
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Legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants in the middle and lower stream of the Yellow River
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Evaluation of the bioaccumulation potential of selected alternative brominated flame retardants in marine fish using in vitro metabolic transformation rates
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A review of occurrence, bioaccumulation, and fate of novel brominated flame retardants in aquatic environments: A comparison with legacy brominated flame retardants
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Effects of 1, 2-bis (2,4, 6-tribromophenoxy) ethane and bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate on serum metabolic and lipid profiles in male rats
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Novel flame retardants (NFRs) in e-waste: Environmental burdens, health implications, and recommendations for safety assessment and sustainable management
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2025.154307openalex-snapshot
TBPH promotes lung cancer proliferation via mTORC1 activation and altered lipid metabolism while inducing toxicological effects in pulmonary cells in vitro and in vivo
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In vitro endocrine disruption and TCDD-like effects of three novel brominated flame retardants: TBPH, TBB, & TBCO
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Effects of novel brominated flame retardants on steroidogenesis in primary porcine testicular cells
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In vitro assessment of human nuclear hormone receptor activity and cytotoxicity of the flame retardant mixture FM 550 and its triarylphosphate and brominated components
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New brominated flame retardants and their metabolites as activators of the pregnane X receptor
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Risk assessment and Biomonitoring Equivalent for 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5 tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA)
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Effect of Bromine Substitution on Human Dermal Absorption of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05073openalex-snapshot
Hair and Nails as Noninvasive Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Brominated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02834openalex-snapshot
Biotransformation of the Flame Retardant 1,2-Dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH) in Vitro by Human Liver Microsomes
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Trophodynamics of Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Aquatic Food Web of Lake Taihu: Relationship with Organism Metabolism across Trophic Levels
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Maternal Transfer of Flame Retardants in Sharks from the Western North Atlantic Ocean
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05300openalex-snapshot
Spatial and Temporal Trends (2004–2016) of Selected Alternative Flame Retardants in Fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03159openalex-snapshot
A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00163openalex-snapshot
Flame Retardant Metabolites in Addled Bald Eagle Eggs from the Great Lakes Region
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/es404644sopenalex-snapshot
Enantioselective Biotransformation of Hexabromocyclododecane by in Vitro Rat and Trout Hepatic Sub-Cellular Fractions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/es501078sopenalex-snapshot
Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Indoor Dust from Egypt: Implications for Human Exposure
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/es501139dopenalex-snapshot
Brominated Flame Retardants in Matched Serum Samples from Swedish First-Time Mothers and Their Toddlers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/es5025299openalex-snapshot
Metabolites of Organophosphate Flame Retardants and 2-Ethylhexyl Tetrabromobenzoate in Urine from Paired Mothers and Toddlers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/es503918mopenalex-snapshot
Evaluating the Bioaccessibility of Flame Retardants in House Dust Using an In Vitro Tenax Bead-Assisted Sorptive Physiologically Based Method
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/es505743dopenalex-snapshot
Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Hydroxylated Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-Tetrabromophthalate Isomers in House Dust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0049-6openalex-snapshot
Flame retardant exposure assessment: findings from a behavioral intervention study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07216-6openalex-snapshot
Sex Specific Placental Accumulation and Behavioral Effects of Developmental Firemaster 550 Exposure in Wistar Rats
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2016.1174793openalex-snapshot
Disposition of the emerging brominated flame retardant, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, in female Sprague Dawley rats: effects of dose, route and repeated administration
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1345601openalex-snapshot
Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) in high-altitude environments: A review and implication for a black carbon relationship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw122openalex-snapshot
Editor’s Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw176openalex-snapshot
Disposition of the Emerging Brominated Flame Retardant, 2-Ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromobenzoate, in Female SD Rats and Male B6C3F1 Mice: Effects of Dose, Route, and Repeated Administration
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1159/000526959openalex-snapshot
Impacts of Gestational FireMaster 550 Exposure on the Neonatal Cortex Are Sex Specific and Largely Attributable to the Organophosphate Esters
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/07482337211031688openalex-snapshot
Effects of bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate on liver injury in Balb/c mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/09603271211058876openalex-snapshot
Brominated flame retardant TBPH induced oxidative damage and reduced the expression of memory-related proteins in mice, with no discernable impairment of learning and memory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s42490-020-00040-6openalex-snapshot
Mechanisms of action, chemical characteristics, and model systems of obesogens
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.120-a280openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1204932openalex-snapshot
Rodent Thyroid, Liver, and Fetal Testis Toxicity of the Monoester Metabolite of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) Tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), a Novel Brominated Flame Retardant Present in Indoor Dust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1308028openalex-snapshot
Urinary Tetrabromobenzoic Acid (TBBA) as a Biomarker of Exposure to the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster® 550
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408111openalex-snapshot
Ligand Binding and Activation of PPAR γ by Firemaster® 550: Effects on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Vitro
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408522openalex-snapshot
Characterizing the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR γ ) Ligand Binding Potential of Several Major Flame Retardants, Their Metabolites, and Chemical Mixtures in House Dust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175855openalex-snapshot
Firemaster® 550 and its components isopropylated triphenyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate enhance adipogenesis and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (Pparγ) on the adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) promoter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.20517/jeea.2023.08openalex-snapshot
The metabolism of novel flame retardants and the internal exposure and toxicity of their major metabolites in fauna - a review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2026.10187openalex-snapshot
Update of the risk assessment on emerging and novel brominated flame retardants in food
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