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Be an advocate for others, unless you are a man: Backlash against gender-atypical male job candidates.
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1646openalex-snapshot
Are Women More Likely to Be Hired or Promoted into Management Positions?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0012-7openalex-snapshot
Gender Bias in Leader Selection? Evidence from a Hiring Simulation Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0462-4openalex-snapshot
Leaders as Males?: The Role of Industry Gender Composition
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0471-3openalex-snapshot
Men in Female-Dominated Vocations: a Rationale for Academic Study and Introduction to the Special Issue
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7openalex-snapshot
Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.01.008openalex-snapshot
Wimpy and undeserving of respect: Penalties for men’s gender-inconsistent success
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.10.008openalex-snapshot
Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006openalex-snapshot
Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.008openalex-snapshot
Getting on top of the glass cliff: Reviewing a decade of evidence, explanations, and impact
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.09.001openalex-snapshot
Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.03.006openalex-snapshot
Punishing female negotiators for asserting too much…or not enough: Exploring why advocacy moderates backlash against assertive female negotiators
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.003openalex-snapshot
Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.003openalex-snapshot
Gender stereotypes and workplace bias
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000126openalex-snapshot
Testing for Backlash in Hiring
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.46.10.1049openalex-snapshot
Social science research on trial: Use of sex stereotyping research in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.416openalex-snapshot
Penalties for Success: Reactions to Women Who Succeed at Male Gender-Typed Tasks.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755openalex-snapshot
Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81openalex-snapshot
Why are women penalized for success at male tasks?: The implied communality deficit.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.735openalex-snapshot
Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.629openalex-snapshot
Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: The costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1004openalex-snapshot
Feminized management and backlash toward agentic women: The hidden costs to women of a kinder, gentler image of middle managers.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.157openalex-snapshot
Reactions to Counterstereotypic Behavior: The Role of Backlash in Cultural Stereotype Maintenance.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.107.4.914openalex-snapshot
Group impressions as dynamic configurations: The tensor product model of group impression formation and change.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.109.3.573openalex-snapshot
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/11863-000openalex-snapshot
The glass ceiling in the 21st century: Understanding barriers to gender equality.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017094openalex-snapshot
Negotiating gender roles: Gender differences in assertive negotiating are mediated by women’s fear of backlash and attenuated when negotiating on behalf of others.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018093openalex-snapshot
When men break the gender rules: Status incongruity and backlash against modest men.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023557openalex-snapshot
Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/e617292010-001openalex-snapshot
Are Leader Stereotypes Masculine? A Meta-Analysis of Three Research Paradigms
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/e740232011-076openalex-snapshot
The biosocial construction of sex differences and similarities in behavior
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1053963openalex-snapshot
Revisiting the beauty is beastly effect: examining when and why sex and attractiveness impact hiring judgments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757015.001.0001/acprof-9780199757015openalex-snapshot
The Science of Leadership: Lessons from Research for Organizational Leaders
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00234openalex-snapshot
Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent Up the Organizational Ladder
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00239openalex-snapshot
Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes and Backlash Toward Agentic Women
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066openalex-snapshot
What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't be, are Allowed to be, and don't Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00570.xopenalex-snapshot
Gender and Management: New Directions in Research and Continuing Patterns in Practice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00758.xopenalex-snapshot
25 Years On: Reflecting on the Past and Looking to the Future in Gender and Management Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02079.xopenalex-snapshot
Can an Angry Woman Get Ahead?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00454.xopenalex-snapshot
Competent Yet Out in the Cold: Shifting Criteria for Hiring Reflect Backlash Toward Agentic Women
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01561.xopenalex-snapshot
Disruptions in Women's Self-Promotion: The Backlash Avoidance Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12236openalex-snapshot
The role of self‐perceived agency and job attainability in women's impressions of successful women in masculine occupations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12017openalex-snapshot
Penalizing Men Who Request a Family Leave: Is Flexibility Stigma a Femininity Stigma?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12078openalex-snapshot
Double Jeopardy Upon Resumé Screening: When Achmed Is Less Employable Than Aïsha
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207310027openalex-snapshot
Motivated to Penalize: Women's Strategic Rejection of Successful Women
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311431307openalex-snapshot
Negotiating the Gender Divide
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430212461160openalex-snapshot
Reactions to gender egalitarian men: Perceived feminization due to stigma-by-association
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2073813openalex-snapshot
Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2076166openalex-snapshot
Job Queues, Gender Queues: Explaining Women's Inroads into Male Occupations.
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4646861openalex-extracted
Ill-informed Beliefs: Misperceptions of the Costs of Unplanned Parental Absences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4751604openalex-extracted
Ill-Informed Beliefs: Misperceptions of the Costs of Unplanned Parental Absences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22166openalex-snapshot
Backlashes or boosts? The role of warmth and gender in relational uncertainty reductions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/job.70106openalex-snapshot
Do Men Who Spill the Tea in Teams Get Burned? Gender Differences in Perceived Competence and Leadership Emergence of Team Members Who Gossip
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12774openalex-snapshot
Ill‐informed beliefs: Misperceptions of the costs of unplanned parental absences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28856-3_3openalex-snapshot
Gender Inequality in Economic Resources
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98222-5_10openalex-snapshot
Allies in Gender Equity Efforts in Pediatrics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02803-3openalex-snapshot
Differential Evaluation of Straight and Gay Men for Nonverbal Effeminate Behavior
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-023-01377-7openalex-snapshot
Perceptions of Parental Responses to Gender Stereotype Violations in Children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01540-8openalex-snapshot
Explaining Penalties and Rewards for Gender Norm Violations: A Unified Theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-017-9207-8openalex-snapshot
Paying a Price for Domestic Equality: Risk Factors for Backlash Against Nontraditional Husbands
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-018-9219-zopenalex-snapshot
Factors Influencing Cisgender Individuals’ Interest in Experiencing Being the Other Sex
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100900openalex-snapshot
A critical review and theorization of workplace backlash: Looking back and moving forward through the lens of social dominance theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103558openalex-snapshot
Female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization and audit fees: Evidence from China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107108openalex-snapshot
Can being competitive but unsuccessful harm you, even more so if you are a woman?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104355openalex-snapshot
The mitigating effect of desiring status on social backlash against ambitious women
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104680openalex-snapshot
Brilliance as gender deviance: Gender-role incongruity as another barrier to women's success in academic fields
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.05.003openalex-snapshot
Solving the crisis: When agency is the preferred leadership for implementing change
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2025.101884openalex-snapshot
Text-mining obituaries between 1953 and 2019 revealed that women leaders are described increasingly like men leaders, but yet evaluated differently
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101126openalex-snapshot
Minimization, denial, moralization, and exaggeration: A taxonomy of backlash to transgender recognition and rights
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.05.002openalex-snapshot
Man up and take it: Gender bias in moral typecasting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102664openalex-snapshot
Exploring athletes’ gendered views of coaches and their impact of coach competency ratings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000337openalex-snapshot
Leader's Conveyed Emotional Labor and Leadership Evaluations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-023-01054-zopenalex-snapshot
Not yet defect-free: the current landscape for women in computational materials research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02132-9openalex-snapshot
Sport–gender stereotypes and their impact on impression evaluations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-64802-826-720251015openalex-snapshot
Deliberate Inclusion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-01-2019-0061openalex-snapshot
Connect vs conquer? CEO gender and implicit motives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2019-0054openalex-snapshot
Gender differences in innovation: the role of ambidextrous leadership of the team leads
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12363openalex-snapshot
Examining the effects of male candidates' gender nonconformity on employment decisions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12608openalex-snapshot
Backlash towards male versus female leaders' interpersonal emotion management strategy use: The role of followers' gender‐based leadership stereotypes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12219openalex-snapshot
Retracted: Endorsement of stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders predict expected job performance, voting stance, and voting intentions in the 2020 U.S. presidential election
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12272openalex-snapshot
Endorsement of stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders predict expected job performance, voting stance, and voting intentions in the 2020 U.S. presidential election
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.70025openalex-snapshot
Leaning in together? A review of men's allyship in promoting gender equality in organizations from an ambivalence perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12778openalex-snapshot
Backlash against counter‐stereotypical leader emotions and the role of follower affect in leader evaluations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12904openalex-snapshot
Company and perceiver characteristics influencing willingness to invest in female‐versus male‐led start‐up companies in STEM and non‐STEM fields
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12390openalex-snapshot
Gender at Work Across Nations: Men and Women Working in Male‐Dominated and Female‐Dominated Occupations are Differentially Associated with Agency and Communion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00018392211020660openalex-snapshot
Up to No Good? Gender, Social Impact Work, and Employee Promotions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251340602openalex-snapshot
Too womanly or not manly enough? A review of work consequences experienced by counter-normative men
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0190272518806292openalex-snapshot
The Gender Gap in Business Leadership: Exploring an Affect Control Theory Explanation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/10422587231178865openalex-snapshot
Benevolent Sexism and the Gender Gap in Startup Evaluation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/10422587261444752openalex-snapshot
Can Lack-of-Fit Penalties Apply to Male Entrepreneurs? Equity Fundraising in Femtech
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/15344843231181445openalex-snapshot
Explicating Workplace Backlash from Social Justice Perspective: A Systematic Review of Types, Consequences, and Coping Strategies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130403openalex-snapshot
Support for Women in Politics: the Role of Gender System Justification, Gender Inequality Perception and Sexism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2731502/v1openalex-snapshot
Disability or disabilities: construction of a specific model of stereotypes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9802009/v1openalex-snapshot
A longitudinal analysis of the support for counter-stereotypical gender roles in Chile: Consensus on communal men but discord on agentic women
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8w9pcopenalex-snapshot
Are Beliefs about “Being a Man” Associated with White American Men’s Self-Perceptions about Confronting Racism?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/g9ymjopenalex-snapshot
Followers’ preference for consideration and initiating structure leadership styles: Evidence from the laboratory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tuaf8openalex-snapshot
Institutional betrayal and the role of male allies in supporting women in higher education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1263313openalex-snapshot
MANdatory - why men need (and are needed for) gender equality progress
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1675146openalex-snapshot
Body creams and electric screwdrivers: how counter-stereotypical but trivial tasks trigger gender identity threat
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00387openalex-snapshot
The impact of gender orientation of names on individuals’ evaluation of impressions and interpersonal interaction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.01331openalex-snapshot
The effects of gender nonconformity on adolescent peer evaluation and related dynamics
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The negative effects, causes, and interventions of gender stereotypes on men: Descriptive vs. prescriptive/proscriptive
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Effects of Employee Job Commitment on Organizational Performance in Kenya: A Case of Huduma Centre – Baringo
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4337/9781788116060.00015openalex-snapshot
The persistence of gender inequality in leadership: Still a long way to go?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4337/9781800883826.00005openalex-snapshot
Gender and leadership: what it is, what it was, and where it's going
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.36openalex-snapshot
Systems of Advocates’ Self-Governance Bodies in European Union Countries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.46569/20.500.12680/3b591g203openalex-snapshot
Taking the credit of a teammate: Examining gender and performance attribution biases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.136openalex-snapshot
When Being Nice or Being Smart Could Bring You Down: Compensatory Dynamics in Strategic Self-presentation
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A New Perspective on Gender Bias in the Upper Echelons: Why Stakeholder Variability Matters
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Supporting women and under-represented minorities in the sciences :
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Le genre et le leadership : L’avantage féminin dépend-il du type de crise ?
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Les stéréotypes sur les personnes en situation de handicap en tant que frein à l'insertion professionnelle
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Code of empowerment or oppression? Factors contributing to women’s perception of modern day sexism in the workplace: An exploratory study
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The Impact of Dual Stereotype Threat and Power on Negotiation Behavior and Affect
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