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Small vessel disease, neurovascular regulation and cognitive impairment: post-mortem studies reveal a complex relationship, still poorly understood

https://doi.org/10.1042/cs20170148

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2 of the 94 references listed on this page are in the Retraction Watch database as retracted (export 2026-10-21): 10.1038/ncomms3932 (notice 2024-04-03), 10.1179/016164111x12881719352372 (notice 2017-02-23).

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Cerebrovascular and Brain Morphologic Correlates of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study

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Cerebral White Matter Lesions and the Risk of Dementia

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Microbleed Topography, Leukoaraiosis, and Cognition in Probable Alzheimer Disease From the Sunnybrook Dementia Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1646openalex-snapshot

Midlife Hypertension and 20-Year Cognitive Change

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10810openalex-snapshot

Clinical manifestations of cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related inflammation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21413openalex-snapshot

Effect of infarcts on dementia in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22099openalex-snapshot

Spatial relation between microbleeds and amyloid deposits in amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22520openalex-snapshot

Microinfarcts, brain atrophy, and cognitive function: The Honolulu Asia Aging Study Autopsy Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23566openalex-snapshot

Functional magnetic resonance imaging detection of vascular reactivity in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24903openalex-snapshot

Outcomes after diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in a large autopsy series

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-015-1522-0openalex-snapshot

Cerebrovascular disease in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.12.006openalex-snapshot

Diabetes is associated with cerebrovascular but not Alzheimer's disease neuropathology

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.012openalex-snapshot

MRI identifies MCI subtypes: vascular versus neurodegenerative

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.016openalex-snapshot

MRI confirms mild cognitive impairments prodromal for Alzheimer's, vascular and Parkinson-Lewy body dementias

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.042openalex-snapshot

Blood-brain barrier and cerebral small vessel disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.11.007openalex-snapshot

Clinical Correlating Factors and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Healthy Subjects With Cerebral Microbleeds

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2010.10.003openalex-snapshot

White Matter: Beyond Focal Disconnection

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.005openalex-snapshot

Selective white matter pathology induces a specific impairment in spatial working memory

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.023openalex-snapshot

Specific risk factors for microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.043openalex-snapshot

Pericytes Control Key Neurovascular Functions and Neuronal Phenotype in the Adult Brain and during Brain Aging

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.026openalex-snapshot

Disconnected aging: Cerebral white matter integrity and age-related differences in cognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(25)18993-3openalex-snapshot

Clinicopathologic Studies of Primary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.296openalex-snapshot

Microbleeds in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Neuropsychological Overview and Meta-Analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.46openalex-snapshot

Assessing White Matter Ischemic Damage in Dementia Patients by Measurement of Myelin Proteins

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05193openalex-snapshot

Bidirectional control of CNS capillary diameter by pericytes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09522openalex-snapshot

Pericytes regulate the blood–brain barrier

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2230openalex-snapshot

Fibrinogen-induced perivascular microglial clustering is required for the development of axonal damage in neuroinflammation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3932openalex-snapshot

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pericyte loss influences Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in mice

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9164openalex-snapshot

Blood coagulation protein fibrinogen promotes autoimmunity and demyelination via chemokine release and antigen presentation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4489openalex-snapshot

Pericyte degeneration leads to neurovascular uncoupling and limits oxygen supply to brain

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh379openalex-snapshot

A -related angiitis: primary angiitis of the central nervous system associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu040openalex-snapshot

Pathophysiology of white matter perfusion in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv025openalex-snapshot

Post-mortem assessment of hypoperfusion of cerebral cortex in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww214openalex-snapshot

Vascular cognitive impairment neuropathology guidelines (VCING): the contribution of cerebrovascular pathology to cognitive impairment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/59.9.768openalex-snapshot

Cerebral Beta Amyloid Angiopathy Is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Ischemic Infarction. A Case Control Study in Human Brain Biopsies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199912003-00003openalex-snapshot

Frequency and Distribution of Vascular Dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31822708b5openalex-snapshot

The Association Between Blood Pressure and Incident Alzheimer Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12130openalex-snapshot

Reduced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Capillary Density in the Occipital Cortex in Dementia with L ewy Bodies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12223openalex-snapshot

White Matter Hypoperfusion and Damage in Dementia: Post‐Mortem Assessment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12224openalex-snapshot

Endothelial Cells and Human Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12331openalex-snapshot

Pathophysiology of Hypoperfusion of the Precuneus in Early A lzheimer's Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12365openalex-snapshot

The Relationship of Cerebral Vessel Pathology to Brain Microinfarcts

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12401openalex-snapshot

Cerebral Hypoperfusion and the Energy Deficit in A lzheimer's Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00885.xopenalex-snapshot

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) levels and activity in Alzheimer's disease, and relationship of perivascular ACE‐1 to cerebral amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03262.xopenalex-snapshot

Impaired neurovascular coupling in ischaemic stroke patients with large or small vessel disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00434.xopenalex-snapshot

A leaky blood–brain barrier, fibrinogen infiltration and microglial reactivity in inflamed Alzheimer’s disease brain

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12039openalex-snapshot

The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment not demented: A meta‐analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12062openalex-snapshot

Brain haemosiderin in older people: pathological evidence for an ischaemic origin of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) microbleeds

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12215openalex-snapshot

Synaptic protein levels altered in vascular dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2008.043455openalex-snapshot

Harvey Cushing and the regulation of blood pressure in giraffe, rat and man: introducing ‘Cushing's mechanism’

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303948openalex-snapshot

Association between cerebral microbleeds and cognitive function: a systematic review

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2003.023713openalex-snapshot

Neuroanatomical localisation and clinical correlates of white matter lesions in the elderly

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.172072openalex-snapshot

Blood-brain barrier permeability is increased in normal-appearing white matter in patients with lacunar stroke and leucoaraiosis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.63.6.749openalex-snapshot

Neuropathological assessment of the lesions of significance in vascular dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00966.2005openalex-snapshot

Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000124753openalex-snapshot

Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Prodromal Stages of Ischemic Vascular Dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000368998openalex-snapshot

Lobar Microbleeds Are Associated with a Decline in Executive Functioning in Older Adults

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000024432.34557.10openalex-snapshot

Is Mild Cognitive Impairment Prodromal for Vascular Dementia Like Alzheimer’s Disease?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000143224.36527.44openalex-snapshot

Amyloid Angiopathy–Related Vascular Cognitive Impairment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.309493openalex-snapshot

Is High Blood Pressure Self-Protection for the Brain?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.106.477315openalex-snapshot

Clinical Significance of Microbleeds in Subcortical Vascular Dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.516112openalex-snapshot

Brain Microbleeds and Global Cognitive Function in Adults Without Neurological Disorder

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.531343openalex-snapshot

Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.593657openalex-snapshot

Cerebral Microbleeds in the Elderly

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.596122openalex-snapshot

Microbleeds Are Independently Related to Gait Disturbances in Elderly Individuals With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.608257openalex-snapshot

Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Acute and Chronic Cerebrovascular Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.611731openalex-snapshot

Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Abnormalities in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.629634openalex-snapshot

Frontal and Temporal Microbleeds Are Related to Cognitive Function

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.636498openalex-snapshot

Hippocampal Neuronal Atrophy and Cognitive Function in Delayed Poststroke and Aging-Related Dementias

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.114.004130openalex-snapshot

Risk Factors, Stroke Prevention Treatments, and Prevalence of Cerebral Microbleeds in the Framingham Heart Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17690761openalex-snapshot

Differing associations between Aβ accumulation, hypoperfusion, blood–brain barrier dysfunction and loss of PDGFRB pericyte marker in the precuneus and parietal white matter in Alzheimer's disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493015607485openalex-snapshot

The concept of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: A road map on key definitions and current concepts

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1179/016164111x12881719352372openalex-snapshot

Retracted Article: Pericyte-mediated vasoconstriction underlies TBI-induced hypoperfusion

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/alzrt263openalex-snapshot

Cerebral microbleeds: overview and implications in cognitive impairment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000307750.41970.d9openalex-snapshot

Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000435291.49598.54openalex-snapshot

Neurovascular decoupling is associated with severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000000285openalex-snapshot

Incidence of cerebral microbleeds in preclinical Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000000882openalex-snapshot

Depression in small-vessel disease relates to white matter ultrastructural damage, not disability

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002419openalex-snapshot

Heterogeneous histopathology of cortical microbleeds in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003184openalex-snapshot

Microbleeds on MRI are associated with microinfarcts on autopsy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182020349openalex-snapshot

Cerebral microbleeds, retinopathy, and dementia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182452928openalex-snapshot

Cerebral microbleeds are associated with worse cognitive function

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182661f91openalex-snapshot

Microbleeds do not affect rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.54.1.4openalex-snapshot

The question of familial meningiomas and schwannomas:

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0137-10.2010openalex-snapshot

Fibrinogen Triggers Astrocyte Scar Formation by Promoting the Availability of Active TGF-β after Vascular Damage

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2174/156720505774932241openalex-snapshot

MRI Abnormalities Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairments of Vascular (VMCI) Versus Neurodegenerative (NMCI) Types Prodromal for Vascular and Alzheimers Dementias

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2009.081054openalex-snapshot

Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-2 Is Increased in Alzheimer’s Disease and Up-Regulated by Aβ

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4525openalex-snapshot

Prevalence of Brain Microbleeds in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Influence of Neuroimaging Techniques

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-130383openalex-snapshot

Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 Activity, Endothelin-1 Production, and Free Radical-Dependent Vasoconstriction in Alzheimer's Disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2009-1178openalex-snapshot

Brain Lesions at Autopsy in Older Japanese-American Men as Related to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in the Final Years of Life: A Summary Report from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2012-111760openalex-snapshot

Endothelin-1 is Elevated in Alzheimer's Disease and Upregulated by Amyloid-β

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fnene.2010.00005openalex-snapshot

Pericyte-mediated regulation of capillary diameter: a component of neurovascular coupling in health and disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2013.00205openalex-snapshot

Cerebral Microbleeds: A Review of Clinical, Genetic, and Neuroimaging Associations

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.62.2.105openalex-snapshot

New developments in the understanding of cerebral vasoregulation and vasospasm: the endothelin-nitric oxide network

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Diabetes mellitus exacerbates changes in white matter hyperintensity shapes and volume: A longitudinal study

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The total number of myelinated nerve fibers is reduced in corpus callosum in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease

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Postmortem 7T MRI for guided histopathology and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease

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Connexin43 promotes angiogenesis through activating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

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