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The "False Head" Hypothesis: Predation and Wing Pattern Variation of Lycaenid Butterflies
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1163/156853956x00048openalex-snapshot
The Function of Eyespot Patterns in the Lepidoptera
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.9zenodo-depositor-declared
Immature stages of the Zebra Hairstreak butterfly, Arawacus separata (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): a model organism for studies on mimicry and mutualism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3897/nl.48.171025zenodo-depositor-declared
Lack of evidence that the false head of male Callophrys xami (Reakirt, 1867) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) is a sexually selected trait
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.201200001openalex-snapshot
Comparative genitalic morphology in the New World resin bugs Apiomerini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_19openalex-snapshot
Potential Defense From Herbivory by Dazzle Effects and Trickery Coloration of Variegated Leaves
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/bf01014817openalex-snapshot
Acquired chemical defense in the lycaenid butterfly,Eumaeus atala
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-009-0837-zopenalex-snapshot
Colorful tails fade when lizards adopt less risky behaviors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-022-09485-9openalex-snapshot
Everybody Lies: Deception Levels in Various Domains of Life
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0176-7openalex-snapshot
Evidence for the Deflective Function of Eyespots in Wild Junonia evarete Cramer (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-015-0338-xopenalex-snapshot
Did Adult Diurnal Activity Influence the Evolution of Wing Morphology in Opoptera Butterflies?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90144-4openalex-snapshot
An experimental study of the use of arm regeneration in estimating rates of sublethal injury on brittle-stars
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiip.2017.11.003openalex-snapshot
More Than Colours: An Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Wing Shape Diversity in Butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.05.017openalex-snapshot
A risky defence by a spider using conspicuous decoys resembling itself in appearance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.028openalex-snapshot
Adaptive constellations of protective marks: eyespots, eye stripes and diversion of attacks by fish
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.021openalex-snapshot
Visual cues used in directing predatory strikes by the jumping spider Yllenus arenarius (Araneae, Salticidae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.06.002openalex-snapshot
Morphological changes induced by thermal treatment and gamma irradiation on the males' hind legs of Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2806(10)38001-5openalex-snapshot
Insect Colours and Visual Appearance in the Eyes of Their Predators
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793105006810openalex-snapshot
The role of eyespots as anti‐predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.11935.xopenalex-snapshot
Significance of butterfly eyespots as an anti‐predator device in ground‐based and aerial attacks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04282-zopenalex-snapshot
A high-throughput multispectral imaging system for museum specimens
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00287.xopenalex-snapshot
A different look at the false head of butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912122107openalex-snapshot
A tropical horde of counterfeit predator eyes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2011.10697716openalex-snapshot
Species level taxonomy of the Neotropical hairstreak genusPorthecla(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Avoiding Attack
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.002.0003openalex-snapshot
Copyright Page
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0001openalex-snapshot
Introduction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0002openalex-snapshot
Background matching
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0003openalex-snapshot
Disruptive colouration
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0004openalex-snapshot
Countershading and counterillumination
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0005openalex-snapshot
Transparency and silvering
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0006openalex-snapshot
Secondary defences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0007openalex-snapshot
Signalling to predators
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0008openalex-snapshot
The form and function of warning displays
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0009openalex-snapshot
The initial evolution of warning displays
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0010openalex-snapshot
The evolution and maintenance of Müllerian mimicry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0011openalex-snapshot
The evolution and maintenance of Batesian mimicry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0012openalex-snapshot
The relationship between Batesian and Müllerian mimicry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0013openalex-snapshot
Other forms of adaptive resemblance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0014openalex-snapshot
Deflection and startling of predators
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0015openalex-snapshot
General conclusions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arl023openalex-snapshot
Blue tail and striped body: why do lizards change their infant costume when growing up?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr123openalex-snapshot
The evolutionary significance of butterfly eyespots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary149openalex-snapshot
Size and contrast increase the divertive effect of eyespots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae122openalex-snapshot
Eyespot function in butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): comparing evidence for aposematism, automimicry, and predator mimicry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blx164openalex-snapshot
What is known and what is not yet known about deflection of the point of a predator’s attack
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177openalex-snapshot
Moss mimesispar excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1458openalex-snapshot
Eyespots divert attacks by fish
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0234openalex-snapshot
Climate is a strong predictor of near-infrared reflectance but a poor predictor of colour in butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.0562openalex-snapshot
Evidence of attack deflection suggests adaptive evolution of wing tails in butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.0900openalex-snapshot
Correlated evolution of multiple traits gives butterflies a false head
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0033openalex-snapshot
Locomotor mimicry in butterflies? A critical review of the evidence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/005249openalex-snapshot
A field test for frequency-dependent selection on mimetic colour patterns in Heliconius butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.23.661062openalex-snapshot
Convergent evolution of skipper wings assessed through anti-predator defences, flight proxies and geographical distribution
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13139openalex-snapshot
Quantifying the effects of species traits on predation risk in nature: A comparative study of butterfly wing damage
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12063openalex-snapshot
Bird attacks on a butterfly with marginal eyespots and the role of prey concealment against the background
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12251openalex-snapshot
Potential defence from herbivory by ‘dazzle effects’ and ‘trickery coloration’ of leaf variegation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12500openalex-snapshot
Adaptive evolution of butterfly wing shape: from morphology to behaviour
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07308openalex-snapshot
Predation risk in a migratory butterfly increases southward along a latitudinal gradient
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/een.12499openalex-snapshot
Dark butterflies camouflaged from predation in dark tropical forest understories
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70303openalex-snapshot
The Coevolution of Colour Patterns and Hindwing Shapes on a Large Phylogenetic Scale Reveals Predation‐Driven Adaptive Syndromes in Swallowtail Butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12076openalex-snapshot
Beak marks on the wings of butterflies and predation pressure in the field
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00435.xopenalex-snapshot
Individual selection, kin selection, and the shifting balance in the evolution of warning colours: the evidence from butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb01988.xopenalex-snapshot
Tropical dry and wet season polyphenism in the butterfly Melanitis leda (Satyrinae): Phenotypic plasticity and climatic correlates
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00863.xopenalex-snapshot
The deflection hypothesis: eyespots on the margins of butterfly wings do not influence predation by lizards
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2010.00437.xopenalex-snapshot
Field observation of predation on adult lepidopterans by the tree sparrow Passer montanus saturatus
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00426.xopenalex-snapshot
BUTTERFLY WING MARKINGS ARE MORE ADVANTAGEOUS DURING HANDLING THAN DURING THE INITIAL STRIKE OF AN AVIAN PREDATOR
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb04082.xopenalex-snapshot
BIRD PREDATION AS A SELECTIVE AGENT IN A BUTTERFLY POPULATION
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00524.xopenalex-snapshot
SONORAN DESERT SPRING.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01260.xopenalex-snapshot
The ‘sparkle’ in fake eyes – the protective effect of mimic eyespots in lepidoptera
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00254.xopenalex-snapshot
Differential Wing Toughness in Distasteful and Palatable Butterflies: Direct Evidence Supports Unpalatable Theory1
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00328.xopenalex-snapshot
Differential Wing Strength in Pierella Butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Supports the Deflection Hypothesis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12541openalex-snapshot
Genomics‐based higher classification of the species‐rich hairstreaks (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1121/1.4947423openalex-snapshot
Can the elongated hindwing tails of fluttering moths serve as false sonar targets to divert bat attacks?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar7428openalex-snapshot
The evolution of anti-bat sensory illusions in moths
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-76-8-1507openalex-snapshot
Reactive and anticipatory display to deflect predatory attack to an autotomous lizard tail
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1139/z91-109openalex-snapshot
Influence of detectability and ability to escape on natural selection of conspicuous autotomous defenses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.001023openalex-snapshot
Bioluminescence and Communication in Insects
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.11606/d.38.2014.tde-09112014-013405openalex-snapshot
Sistemática da Seção Atlides sensu Robbins (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003288openalex-snapshot
Effects of lepidopteran eyespot components on the deterrence of predatory birds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0307-3openalex-snapshot
What makes eyespots intimidating–the importance of pairedness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.051730openalex-snapshot
What causes wing wear in foraging bumble bees?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.073627openalex-snapshot
Neuromuscular and biomechanical compensation for wing asymmetry in insect hovering flight
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204057openalex-snapshot
Effects of natural wing damage on flight performance in Morpho butterflies: what can it tell us about wing shape evolution?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.215194openalex-snapshot
Insect wing damage: causes, consequences and compensatory mechanisms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246995openalex-snapshot
Age-dependent perfume development in male orchid bees, Euglossa imperialis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2021.040openalex-snapshot
False heads and sexual behaviour in a hairstreak butterfly, Callophrys xami (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2002)034[0176:dwtida]2.0.co;2openalex-snapshot
Differential Wing Toughness in Distasteful and Palatable Butterflies: Direct Evidence Supports Unpalatable Theory1
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1646/03191openalex-snapshot
Differential Wing Strength in Pierella Butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Supports the Deflection Hypothesis1
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18122/b2w695openalex-snapshot
The Evolution of Anti-Bat Sensory Illusions in Moths
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.73i2.a2openalex-snapshot
Lizards as Predators of Butterflies: Shape of Wing Damage and Effects of Eyespots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a6openalex-snapshot
A Review of False Heads in Lycaenid Butterflies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.v64i1.a4openalex-snapshot
New Protocol For Measuring Lepidoptera Wing Damage
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18778/7525-895-0openalex-snapshot
Optical cues used in prey identification by a juvenile jumping spider, Yllenus arenarius (Araneae, Salticidae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.62.3_329openalex-snapshot
オカダトカゲの色彩パタンの進化 : 捕食者に対応した地理的変異( 種間相互作用の島嶼生物地理)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.20873/rpv1n2-13openalex-snapshot
¿Es la biología funcional eliminable?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2307/3544264openalex-snapshot
Cerci as Antipredatory Attributes in Stonefly Nymphs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_salduie/sald.2025111731openalex-snapshot
El deimatismo en las grafías prehistóricas
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in782-2008openalex-snapshot
White M hairstreak, Parrhasius m-album (Boisduval & LeConte) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2013.32a004openalex-snapshot
Biology and distribution of butterfly fauna of Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16174978openalex-snapshot
Phylogenetic relationships among the species of Panthiades hübner (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5962/p.332200openalex-snapshot
Arawacus euptychia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) is no longer an obscure species
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.3493v0.1/reviews/1openalex-snapshot
Peer Review #1 of "Two-headed butterfly vs. mantis: do false antennae matter? (v0.1)"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.3493v0.1/reviews/2openalex-snapshot
Peer Review #2 of "Two-headed butterfly vs. mantis: do false antennae matter? (v0.1)"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.3493v0.2/reviews/1openalex-snapshot
Peer Review #1 of "Two-headed butterfly vs. mantis: do false antennae matter? (v0.2)"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.7143v0.1/reviews/1openalex-snapshot
Peer Review #1 of "False head complexity and evidence of predator attacks in male and female hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera: Theclinae: Eumaeini) from Mexico (v0.1)"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.7143v0.1/reviews/2openalex-snapshot
Peer Review #2 of "False head complexity and evidence of predator attacks in male and female hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera: Theclinae: Eumaeini) from Mexico (v0.1)"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.7143v0.1/reviews/3openalex-snapshot
Peer Review #3 of "False head complexity and evidence of predator attacks in male and female hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera: Theclinae: Eumaeini) from Mexico (v0.1)"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3493openalex-snapshot
Two-headed butterfly vs. mantis: do false antennae matter?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7143openalex-snapshot
False head complexity and evidence of predator attacks in male and female hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera: Theclinae: Eumaeini) from Mexico
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