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Case-control studies: basic concepts
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1950.02910390001001openalex-snapshot
TOBACCO SMOKING AS A POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIC FACTOR IN BRONCHIOGENIC CARCINOMA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1974.03230460011003openalex-snapshot
Drug-Induced Illness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780121808openalex-snapshot
Risk ratio and rate ratio estimation in case‐cohort designs: Hypertension and cardiovascular mortality
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7603-2openalex-snapshot
A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90075-0openalex-snapshot
Estimation of exposure-specific rates from sparse case-control data
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(83)90281-8openalex-snapshot
Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol. 1. The analysis of case-control studies
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199504063321403openalex-snapshot
Mutation in the Gene Coding for Coagulation Factor V and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Venous Thrombosis in Apparently Healthy Men
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200105173442007openalex-snapshot
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Venous Thrombosis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1975.10482466openalex-snapshot
A Hybrid Epidemiologic Study Design Useful in Estimating Relative Risk
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195092424.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Research Methods in Occupational Epidemiology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn217openalex-snapshot
What Do Case-Control Studies Estimate? Survey of Methods and Assumptions in Published Case-Control Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/65.1.153openalex-snapshot
Retrospective Studies and Failure Time Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/19.1.205openalex-snapshot
Case-Control Designs in the Study of Common Diseases: Updates on the Demise of the Rare Disease Assumption and the Choice of Sampling Scheme for Controls
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/22.6.1189openalex-snapshot
What Does the Odds Ratio Estimate in a Case-Control Study?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys049openalex-snapshot
Classification of epidemiological study designs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys142openalex-snapshot
Incidence rates in dynamic populations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.6.1269openalex-snapshot
A Method of Estimating Comparative Rates from Clinical Data. Applications to Cancer of the Lung, Breast, and Cervix
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220openalex-snapshot
ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112409openalex-snapshot
RE: “ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES”
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112502openalex-snapshot
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES IN THE EVALUATION OF DRUG-INDUCED ILLNESS
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113439openalex-snapshot
ON THE NEED FOR THE RARE DISEASE ASSUMPTION IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853openalex-snapshot
The Case-Crossover Design: A Method for Studying Transient Effects on the Risk of Acute Events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200310000-00002openalex-snapshot
Obstetrics & Gynecology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.xopenalex-snapshot
ON ESTIMATING THE RELATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUP AND DISEASE
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739openalex-snapshot
Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5965.241openalex-snapshot
Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38537.397512.55openalex-snapshot
Role of mobile phones in motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: a case-crossover study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.50.3_pt_1.303openalex-snapshot
Comparison of a Group with a Disease and a Control Group from the Same Families, in the Search for Possible Etiologic Factors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2288156openalex-snapshot
Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2527475openalex-snapshot
Dynamic Risk Analysis in Retrospective Matched Pair Studies of Disease
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
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Religion, Spirituality and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Matched Case–Control Study and Meta-Analysis
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NMR metabolomic profiles associated with long-term risk of prostate cancer
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Case control study: Design, measures, and classic examples
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Definitions, Principles, and Concepts of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance
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Sources of Data Used in Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance
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Pharmacoepidemiology in Pharmacogenetics
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Large-scale study of Toxoplasma and Cytomegalovirus shows an association between infection and serious psychiatric disorders
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Breast cancer screening halves the risk of breast cancer death: A case-referent study
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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Japan: A Population-Based Study
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Risk of Lymphoma Associated With Biologics and Immunosuppressants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study
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Family history of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)
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Depression and the risk of hospitalization in type 2 diabetes patients: A nested case-control study accounting for non-persistence to antidiabetic treatment
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Depression but not non-persistence to antidiabetic drugs is associated with mortality in type 2 diabetes: A nested case-control study
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Combined lifestyle factors and the risk of LADA and type 2 diabetes – Results from a Swedish population-based case-control study
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Receipt of Overactive Bladder Drugs and Incident Dementia: A Population-based Case-control Study
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Measures of depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Breaking the matching in nested case–control data offered several advantages for risk estimation
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THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND STROKE RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
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Genetic Risk Factors in Childhood Psoriasis
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Increased Odds of Ventricular Arrhythmias Associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use among the Pediatric and Young Adult Population: A Case–Control Study
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Risk factors for acute rheumatic fever: A case-control study
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Antidepressant use and ovarian cancer risk: Evidence from nationwide studies with >14,000 cases from Denmark and Sweden
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Solvent exposed occupations and risk of Parkinson disease in Finland
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection is associated with suicidal behavior and first registered psychiatric diagnosis in a healthy population
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Case-Control Studies in Neurosurgery: The Issue of Effect Estimates
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Odds ratio and relative risk
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Psychiatric Epidemiology Methods
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Adjusting for calendar time in a TND influenza study
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Bisphenol A, Chlorinated Derivatives of Bisphenol A and Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Nested Case-Control Studies in Two European Cohorts
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Fatty fish consumption and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
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Case-control studies: an efficient study design
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Differential association between cumulative dose of 5α-reductase inhibitors and mortality
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Association between cumulative exposure periods of flupentixol or any antipsychotics and risk of lung cancer
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Association Between High Environmental Heat and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Among Older Adults in a Northern Climate: A Matched Case-Control Study
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Do Case-Control Studies Always Estimate Odds Ratios?
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Statistical inference in matched case–control studies of recurrent events
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IJE’s Education Corner turns 10! Looking back and looking forward
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Timing of exposure assessment in studies on Group B streptococcus colonization and preterm birth
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Incidence rates in dynamic populations
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The epidemiologic principles underlying traffic safety study designs
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Bias control in the analysis of case–control studies with incidence density sampling
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Prevalence of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Human Papillomaviruses in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and Noncancer Controls and Relation to Behavioral Factors
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Effectiveness of Partial and Full Influenza Vaccination Among Children Aged <9 Years in Hong Kong, 2011–2019
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Low-frequency drug-resistant HIV-1 and risk of virological failure to first-line NNRTI-based ART: a multicohort European case–control study using centralized ultrasensitive 454 pyrosequencing
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Deployment to Karshi-Khanabad Air Base, Uzbekistan between 2001 and 2005 and subsequent risk of specific cancers among US service members
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Circulating IgG antibodies to periodontal bacteria and lung cancer risk in the CLUE cohorts
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Is pain associated with premature mortality in patients with psoriatic arthritis? A nested case–control study using the DANBIO Register
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Colchicine use and the risk of CKD progression: a multicentre nested case-control study
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Nested Case-Control Studies in Cohorts with Competing Events
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Efficient Sampling in Unmatched Case–Control Studies When the Total Number of Cases and Controls Is Fixed
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A Test-Negative Design with Additional Population Controls Can Be Used to Rapidly Study Causes of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic
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Delivery Type and Other Birth Factors Associated With Kawasaki Disease
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Associations of human gene EPB41L3 DNA methylation and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women living with HIV-1 in Africa
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Same outcome, different walls: rethinking comparisons in prison suicide research
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Early Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Using Electronic Health Records
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.26.20238469openalex-snapshot
The association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: A case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13493openalex-snapshot
Proportion of suicides in D enmark attributable to bereavement by the suicide of a first‐degree relative or partner: Nested case–control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13755openalex-snapshot
Association between exposure to atypical antipsychotics during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.13828openalex-snapshot
Topical ophthalmic beta‐blockers are associated with ocular pseudopemphigoid: A pharmacovigilance study of antiglaucoma medications utilising the FDA adverse event reporting system
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14737openalex-snapshot
Domperidone and the risks of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/biom.12648openalex-snapshot
On Estimation of Time-Dependent Attributable Fraction from Population-Based Case-Control Studies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cga.12401openalex-snapshot
Congenital heart diseases and parental occupational exposure in a Hungarian case‐control study in 1997 to 2002
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13179openalex-snapshot
Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) and the risk of Type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood ( LADA )
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13241openalex-snapshot
Elevations of metabolic risk factors 20 years or more before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: Experience from the AMORIS study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/dom.71082openalex-snapshot
Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia Associated With Concomitant Use of Sulfonylureas and Amiodarone
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13096openalex-snapshot
Unprovoked seizures after traumatic brain injury: A population‐based case–control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.70177openalex-snapshot
Letter to editor in response to ‘Associations between peripheral blood mitochondrial genomic variants and gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism’
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13386openalex-snapshot
A review of case–control studies on the risk factors for the development of autoimmune blistering diseases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19783openalex-snapshot
De novo pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus development following COVID ‐19 infection and vaccination: Matched case–control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jth.12655openalex-snapshot
Below‐knee cast immobilization and the risk of venous thrombosis: results from a large population‐based case–control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15127openalex-snapshot
Procoagulant factor levels and risk of venous thrombosis in the elderly
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14312openalex-snapshot
Autoimmune and viral risk factors are associated with achalasia: A case‐control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ped.70582openalex-snapshot
Risk Interval of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Children After Influenza Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072346openalex-snapshot
Combining high quality data with rigorous methods: emulation of a target trial using electronic health records and a nested case-control design
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1315openalex-snapshot
Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2060openalex-snapshot
Risk of hospital admission with covid-19 among teachers compared with healthcare workers and other adults of working age in Scotland, March 2020 to July 2021: population based case-control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001129openalex-snapshot
Risk factors, impact, and healthcare use related to initial suicide attempts: comprehensive analysis of Swedish population
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030075openalex-snapshot
Dy n amic Urban E nvironmental E xposures on D epression and S uicide (NEEDS) in the Netherlands: a protocol for a cross-sectional smartphone tracking study and a longitudinal population register study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058383openalex-snapshot
Identifying key signs of motor neurone disease in primary care: a nested case–control study using the QResearch database
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093455openalex-snapshot
Time to live birth and associated factors following fertility treatments: a retrospective record review among couples attending fertility centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103612openalex-snapshot
Colonic neoplasm detection in patients with Streptococcus gallolyticus septicaemia versus average-risk individuals: a retrospective matched cohort study from a tertiary care center in Thailand
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318632openalex-snapshot
Increased risk of infective endocarditis after traumatic skin wound
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-205068openalex-snapshot
What's in a Word? Concept mapping: a graphical tool to reinforce learning of epidemiological concepts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212699openalex-snapshot
Is suicide mortality associated with neighbourhood social fragmentation and deprivation? A Dutch register-based case-control study using individualised neighbourhoods
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0154openalex-snapshot
Plasma Metabolomic Signatures Associated with Long-term Breast Cancer Risk in the SU.VI.MAX Prospective Cohort
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0900openalex-snapshot
Diet-Related Metabolomic Signature of Long-Term Breast Cancer Risk Using Penalized Regression: An Exploratory Study in the SU.VI.MAX Cohort
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0243openalex-snapshot
Maternal Substance Use and Childhood Cancer—Letter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0438openalex-snapshot
LLPi: Liverpool Lung Project Risk Prediction Model for Lung Cancer Incidence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0026openalex-snapshot
Identification of Drug–Cancer Associations: A Nationwide Screening Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.125.327816openalex-snapshot
Blood Metabolomic Signatures of 1-Hour Glucose Predict Cardiometabolic Risk
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.113.001827openalex-snapshot
Infective Endocarditis in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.115.011241openalex-snapshot
Stroke in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.147cc28eopenalex-snapshot
How Confident Are We About Observational Findings in Health Care: A Benchmark Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-18595openalex-snapshot
The Effect of Statins on Intraocular Pressure and on the Incidence and Progression of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/07067437211053300openalex-snapshot
Rurality as a Risk Factor for Attempted Suicide and Death by Suicide in Ontario, Canada
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216669744openalex-snapshot
Feasibility of reusing time-matched controls in an overlapping cohort
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x211050920openalex-snapshot
Workplace experiences of physical educators with and without National Board Certification
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817702329openalex-snapshot
An efficient sampling strategy for selection of biobank samples using risk scores
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817702339openalex-snapshot
Towards non-conventional methods of designing register-based epidemiological studies: An application to pediatric research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14550725211015836openalex-snapshot
The importance of alcohol in elderly's hospital admissions for fall injuries: a population case-control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/20458940211001714openalex-snapshot
Outcomes of pulmonary vasodilator use in Veterans with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease and lung disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/21501319241293950openalex-snapshot
Longer Multimorbidity Intervals Are Associated With Lower Mortality in Diabetes: A Whole-Population Nested Case-Control Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00462-2024openalex-snapshot
Global herpes zoster burden in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0167-2025openalex-snapshot
Global herpes zoster burden in adults with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00974-5openalex-snapshot
Characteristics of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm who contacted out-of-hours primary care: a case-control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01283-0openalex-snapshot
Sampling strategies to evaluate the prognostic value of a new biomarker on a time-to-event end-point
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04424-7openalex-snapshot
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and hospital-acquired upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective case-control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02910-zopenalex-snapshot
Post-fracture serum cytokine levels are not associated with a later diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome: a case-control study nested in a prospective cohort study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-0949-0openalex-snapshot
Evidence of past dental visits and incidence of head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-021-00365-3openalex-snapshot
Handgun purchasing characteristics and firearm suicide risk: a nested case–control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00534-0openalex-snapshot
Individual, firearm, and purchasing characteristics associated with risk of firearm-related violent crime arrest: a nested case-control study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-026-00541-0openalex-snapshot
Towards standardization in pig microbiome research based on a comprehensive twenty-year review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1200/jco.22.00857openalex-snapshot
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Incident Lung Cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa549openalex-snapshot
Physical Activity, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008741openalex-snapshot
Clinical risk factors in SUDEP
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010874openalex-snapshot
Pharmacologic treatment and SUDEP risk
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000207921openalex-snapshot
Type, Etiology, and Duration of Epilepsy as Risk Factors for SUDEP
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005391openalex-snapshot
Intraoperative Hypotension and Myocardial Infarction Development Among High-Risk Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Nested Case-Control Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1214/18-aoas1237openalex-snapshot
Nonparametric inference for immune response thresholds of risk in vaccine studies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55502.1openalex-snapshot
Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55502.2openalex-snapshot
Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55502.3openalex-snapshot
Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16729.1openalex-snapshot
Occupational differences in COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality in the United Kingdom: Available data and framework for analyses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16729.2openalex-snapshot
Occupational differences in COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality in the United Kingdom: Available data and framework for analyses
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