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Learning ‘ The Knowledge’ : How London Taxi Drivers Build Their Cognitive Map of London

https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.04.447168
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.1087openalex-snapshot
Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20233openalex-snapshot
London taxi drivers and bus drivers: A structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20298openalex-snapshot
A navigational guidance system in the human brain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22111openalex-snapshot
Hippocampal size predicts rapid learning of a cognitive map in humans
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.274openalex-snapshot
An international taxicab evaluation: comparing Tokyo with London, New York and Paris
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3724-9_43openalex-snapshot
Spatial Representations of Taxi Drivers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-016-0792-zopenalex-snapshot
Route planning with transportation network maps: an eye-tracking study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-005-6385-zopenalex-snapshot
fMRI Hippocampal Activity During a VirtualRadial Arm Maze
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(78)90006-3openalex-snapshot
Distortions in judged spatial relations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.041openalex-snapshot
Hex Maze: A new virtual maze able to track acquisition and usage of three navigation strategies
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.05.013openalex-snapshot
Learning your way around town: How virtual taxicab drivers learn to use both layout and landmark information
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.005openalex-snapshot
Would you follow your own route description? Cognitive strategies in urban route planning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.05.020openalex-snapshot
Wormholes in virtual space: From cognitive maps to cognitive graphs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.06.004openalex-snapshot
Contracted time and expanded space: The impact of circumnavigation on judgements of space and time
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.018openalex-snapshot
Acquiring “the Knowledge” of London's Layout Drives Structural Brain Changes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.053openalex-snapshot
Individual variation in human navigation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.009openalex-snapshot
Global Determinants of Navigation Ability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.04.006openalex-snapshot
Spatial knowledge impairment after GPS guided navigation: Eye-tracking study in a virtual town
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.08.006openalex-snapshot
Gender differences in spatial orientation: A review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.09.006openalex-snapshot
Use and interaction of navigation strategies in regionalized environments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.08.001openalex-snapshot
Computer-assisted navigation and the acquisition of route and survey knowledge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.002openalex-snapshot
Up the down staircase: Wayfinding strategies in multi-level buildings
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.09.002openalex-snapshot
Wayfinding with a GPS-based mobile navigation system: A comparison with maps and direct experience
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.006openalex-snapshot
The dynamic nature of cognition during wayfinding
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.05.010openalex-snapshot
Adaptivity of wayfinding strategies in a multi-building ensemble: The effects of spatial structure, task requirements, and metric information
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.05.001openalex-snapshot
GPS use negatively affects environmental learning through spatial transformation abilities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.037openalex-snapshot
Thoughts, behaviour, and brain dynamics during navigation in the real world
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.037openalex-snapshot
Neural Mechanisms of Hierarchical Planning in a Virtual Subway Network
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.036openalex-snapshot
Navigational expertise may compromise anterograde associative memory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.001openalex-snapshot
What determines our navigational abilities?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60007-5openalex-snapshot
The Development of Spatial Representations of Large-Scale Environments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(88)80020-3openalex-snapshot
Spatio-temporal aspects of the mental representation of urban space
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(89)80037-4openalex-snapshot
Distance cognition by taxi drivers and the general public
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-5138(97)00104-9openalex-snapshot
Navigation in a “Virtual” Maze: Sex Differences and Correlation With Psychometric Measures of Spatial Ability in Humans
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.26.1.128openalex-snapshot
Age and experience effects in spatial visualization.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026553openalex-snapshot
Navigation assistance: A trade-off between wayfinding support and configural learning support.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035261openalex-snapshot
Variations in cognitive maps: Understanding individual differences in navigation.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061626openalex-snapshot
Cognitive maps in rats and men.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000200openalex-snapshot
How do (some) people make a cognitive map? Routes, places, and working memory.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/297681a0openalex-snapshot
Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/531573aopenalex-snapshot
Technology: Use or lose our navigation skills
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13942openalex-snapshot
Multiple Dirac cones at the surface of the topological metal LaBi
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14652openalex-snapshot
Hippocampal and prefrontal processing of network topology to simulate the future
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4656openalex-snapshot
The cognitive map in humans: spatial navigation and beyond
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62877-0openalex-snapshot
Habitual use of GPS negatively impacts spatial memory during self-guided navigation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63912-wopenalex-snapshot
Telomeric and sub-telomeric regions undergo rapid turnover within a Streptomyces population
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500035openalex-snapshot
Knowledge management: Taxis Parisiens case study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.070039597openalex-snapshot
Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210802067004openalex-snapshot
Working Memory in Wayfinding—A Dual Task Experiment in a Virtual City
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2013.792821openalex-snapshot
How Navigational Aids Impair Spatial Memory: Evidence for Divided Attention
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.821145openalex-snapshot
Local and Global Reference Frames for Environmental Spaces
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.12.2476openalex-snapshot
Unilateral temporal lobectomy patients show lateralized topographical and episodic memory deficits in a virtual town
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl286openalex-snapshot
Navigation around London by a taxi driver with bilateral hippocampal lesions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz044openalex-snapshot
Hippocampal and Retrosplenial Goal Distance Coding After Long-term Consolidation of a Real-World Environment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e328359317eopenalex-snapshot
Exploring anterograde associative memory in London taxi drivers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1016openalex-snapshot
Backtracking during navigation is correlated with enhanced anterior cingulate activity and suppression of alpha oscillations and the ‘default-mode’ network
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0288openalex-snapshot
Talent in the taxi: a model system for exploring expertise
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.917211openalex-snapshot
Entropy of city street networks linked to future spatial navigation ability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00160openalex-snapshot
Sex-Related Differences and Similarities in Geographic and Environmental Spatial Abilities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/299513.299625openalex-snapshot
Knowledge management
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01414openalex-snapshot
Prefrontal Dynamics Associated with Efficient Detours and Shortcuts: A Combined Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetoencenphalography Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088602800210openalex-snapshot
A Profile of Drivers' Map-Reading Abilities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/2398212820979772openalex-snapshot
Striatal and hippocampal contributions to flexible navigation in rats and humans
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1207/s15427633scc0304_5openalex-snapshot
'Fine-to-Coarse' Route Planning and Navigation in Regionalized Environments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213272openalex-snapshot
Virtual navigation tested on a mobile app is predictive of real-world wayfinding navigation performance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0717-12.2013openalex-snapshot
Maladaptive Bias for Extrahippocampal Navigation Strategies in Aging Humans
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.17-18-07103.1997openalex-snapshot
Recalling Routes around London: Activation of the Right Hippocampus in Taxi Drivers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18260/edgj.v63i2.126openalex-snapshot
Developing 3-D Spatial Visualization Skills
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc773wgopenalex-snapshot
Human Spatial Navigation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.23943/9781400890460openalex-snapshot
Human Spatial Navigation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2012.00007openalex-snapshot
Route repetition and route retracing: effects of cognitive aging
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01363openalex-snapshot
When in doubt follow your nose—a wayfinding strategy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-014-0399-9openalex-snapshot
On the role of rarity information in speakers’ choice of frame
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5951/at.24.5.0369openalex-snapshot
Sexual stereotyping and mathematics learning

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463321000679openalex-snapshot
What determines a boundary for navigating a complex street network: evidence from London taxi drivers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/qea-02-2026-0045openalex-snapshot
Digital labour without safety nets: learning, risk externalisation and urban inequality in the gig economy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/9x6a3openalex-snapshot
Individual differences in spatial navigation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.822887openalex-snapshot
Egocentric Chunking in the Predictive Brain: A Cognitive Basis of Expert Performance in High-Speed Sports
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