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Towards a harm‐reduction approach to enforcement

https://doi.org/10.1108/17578043200900003

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Narcotics use, property crime, and dealing: Structural dynamics across the addiction career

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02221094openalex-snapshot

Drug abuse, crime costs, and the economic benefits of treatment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511754272openalex-snapshot

Drug War Heresies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.53.11.1199openalex-snapshot

Toward a psychology of harm reduction.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.497openalex-snapshot

Drugs and the law: A psychological analysis of drug prohibition.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/e421952008-001openalex-snapshot

The Drug Interventions Programme (DIP): Addressing Drug Use and Offending Through 'Tough Choices'

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/e421962008-001openalex-snapshot

The Drug Interventions Programme (DIP): Addressing Drug Use and Offending Through 'Tough Choices'

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/e512092006-001openalex-snapshot

Crack, Powder Cocaine, and Heroin: Drug Purchase and Use Patterns in Six U.S. Cities

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/e538382006-001openalex-snapshot

Youth Illicit Drug Use Prevention: DARE Long-Term Evaluations and Federal Efforts to Identify Effective Programs

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9645776.xopenalex-snapshot

Street‐level drug law enforcement and entry into methadone maintenance treatment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/449173openalex-snapshot

State and Local Drug Enforcement: In Search of a Strategy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/449176openalex-snapshot

Drugs and Predatory Crime

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0076openalex-snapshot

Costs of Crime and Justice

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047988openalex-snapshot

DRUG MARKETS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000196176.65551.a3openalex-snapshot

Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01528.xopenalex-snapshot

AN ANALYTIC ASSESSMENT OF U.S. DRUG POLICY

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00353.xopenalex-snapshot

DISRUPTING ILLEGAL FIREARMS MARKETS IN BOSTON: THE EFFECTS OF OPERATION CEASEFIRE ON THE SUPPLY OF NEW HANDGUNS TO CRIMINALS*

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.14.050193.002213openalex-snapshot

Harm Reduction: A Public Health Response to the AIDS Epidemic Among Injecting Drug Users

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/002204260603600105openalex-snapshot

Evaluation of the Breaking the Cycle Demonstration Project: Jacksonville, FL and Tacoma, WA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/002204268501500406openalex-snapshot

The Drugs/Violence Nexus: A Tripartite Conceptual Framework

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427801038003001openalex-snapshot

Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and Youth Violence: An Evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854899026002002openalex-snapshot

Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841x03257531openalex-snapshot

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the New South Wales Adult Drug Court Program

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.2.iopenalex-snapshot

The American Economic Review

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.39.7.886openalex-snapshot

Filtered Sampling from Populations with Heterogeneous Event Frequencies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.19151/leef.2001.2015openalex-snapshot

Law Enforcement Executive Forum

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1143749openalex-snapshot

Problem-Oriented Policing

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3386/w10948openalex-snapshot

Individual Behaviors and Substance Use: The Role of Price

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412959216.n146openalex-snapshot

Issues in Science and Technology

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351157803-28openalex-snapshot

Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and Youth Violence: An Evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Modernising Drug Law Enforcement

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Applying Harm Reduction Principles to the Policing of Retail Drug Markets

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Systems Modeling to Inform Drug Policy

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Displacement Effects of Supply‐Reduction Policies in Latin America

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Policing Drug Markets

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Illicit Performance and Image Enhancing Drug Markets in the Netherlands and Belgium

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Regulating NPS in the Middle East: A Critical Juncture

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The Current State of the World Heroin Markets

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Lessons to be Drawn from U.S. Drug Control Policies

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Gun Carrying Among Drug Market Participants: Evidence from Incarcerated Drug Offenders

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Mapping the landscapes of bullying

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“We’re Not Gonna Aid You in Shooting Up”: Stigma’s Relationship to Harm Reduction in People Who Inject Drugs

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-018-9335-xopenalex-snapshot

Tackling local organised crime groups: lessons from research in two UK cities

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.04.007openalex-snapshot

If supply-oriented drug policy is broken, can harm reduction help fix it? Melding disciplines and methods to advance international drug-control policy

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‘Surfing the Silk Road’: A study of users’ experiences

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Responsible vendors, intelligent consumers: Silk Road, the online revolution in drug trading

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Analysing pseudoephedrine/methamphetamine policy options in Australia using multi-criteria decision modelling

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Hidden wholesale: The drug diffusing capacity of online drug cryptomarkets

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.01.002openalex-snapshot

Improving research on drug law enforcement

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.004openalex-snapshot

Exploring the relationship between online buyers and sellers of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs): Quality issues, trust and self-regulation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.03.005openalex-snapshot

Drug-related police encounters across the globe: How do they compare?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.09.007openalex-snapshot

Determinants of high availability of methamphetamine, cannabis, LSD and ecstasy in New Zealand: Are drug dealers promoting methamphetamine rather than cannabis?

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The impact of the 2016 Psychoactive Substances Act on synthetic cannabinoid use within the homeless population: Markets, content and user harms

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103647openalex-snapshot

Deal or no-deal? Using administrative data to explore buyer motivation in online drug purchases and its association with community risk factors in Scotland

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103672openalex-snapshot

Police officers’ attitudes and practices toward harm reduction services in Sweden – a qualitative study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104393openalex-snapshot

‘It has gotten a lot better, but it is still bad’: Experiences with the police among marginalized PWUDs in a context of depenalization

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105155openalex-snapshot

Policing and drug market-related violence: competitive, internal and enforcement-related violence in UK County Lines

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.001openalex-snapshot

Naloxone's role in the national opioid crisis—past struggles, current efforts, and future opportunities

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61674-7openalex-snapshot

Drug policy and the public good: evidence for effective interventions

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2009.9721273openalex-snapshot

DRUG POLICY ANDKO

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.493609openalex-snapshot

Assessing the impact of a high-intensity partnership between the police and drug treatment service in addressing the offending of problematic drug users

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2018.1445742openalex-snapshot

‘That’s their brand, their business’: how police officers are interpreting County Lines

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2200250openalex-snapshot

Attitudes and views regarding law enforcement activity at large outdoor raves in Israel: a cross-sectional survey

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2267729openalex-snapshot

From criminalisation to harm reduction? The forms and functions of police drug diversion in England and Wales

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2024.2311899openalex-snapshot

Aiding or enabling? Officer perspectives on harm reduction and support services in an open-air drug market

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2010.502014openalex-snapshot

Policy Displacement and Disparate Sanctioning from Policing Cannabis in Denmark

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2016.1175171openalex-snapshot

Maintaining order in the drug game: applying harm reduction principles to drug detective work

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2016.1175176openalex-snapshot

Cops, drugs and interloping academics: an ethnographic exploration of the possibility of policing drugs differently in South Africa

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2026.2642310openalex-snapshot

On Reuter’s contribution to the drug policy debate

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/652386openalex-snapshot

How Drug Enforcement Affects Drug Prices

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/688458openalex-snapshot

Dealing More Effectively and Humanely with Illegal Drugs

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.001.0001openalex-snapshot

The Art of Trafficking

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.002.0004openalex-snapshot

Dedication

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.002.0005openalex-snapshot

List of Figures

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.002.0006openalex-snapshot

List of Images

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.002.0007openalex-snapshot

List of Tables

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.002.0008openalex-snapshot

List of Abbreviations

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0001openalex-snapshot

Introduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0002openalex-snapshot

Chasing Cocaine along the Caribbean Coast

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0003openalex-snapshot

From Banana Republics to Cocaine Republics

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0004openalex-snapshot

A Theory of Traffickers’ Strategies

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0005openalex-snapshot

Co-optation Strategies in Honduras

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0006openalex-snapshot

Collusion Strategies in Nicaragua

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0007openalex-snapshot

Evasion Strategies in Costa Rica

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0008openalex-snapshot

Policy Recommendations

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197818220.003.0009openalex-snapshot

Conclusion

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azt018openalex-snapshot

A Framework to Assess the Harms of Crimes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195389678-0148openalex-snapshot

Harm Reduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0129openalex-snapshot

Drug Control

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0222openalex-snapshot

Harm Reduction and Risky Behaviors

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.001.0001openalex-snapshot

Assessing the Harms of Crime

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.002.0004openalex-snapshot

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.002.0005openalex-snapshot

General Editors’ Introduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.002.0008openalex-snapshot

List of Tables

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.002.0009openalex-snapshot

List of Figures

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.002.0010openalex-snapshot

List of Abbreviations

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0001openalex-snapshot

Introduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0002openalex-snapshot

The Centrality of Harm and Its Reduction to Crime and Societal Responses to Crime

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0003openalex-snapshot

Prior Attempts to Assess Harm and the Challenges They Have Encountered

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0004openalex-snapshot

A Framework to Assess the Harms of Crime

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0005openalex-snapshot

An Application of the Framework to Cocaine Trafficking in Belgium (with Comparisons to other Applications to Drug and Human Trafficking in Europe)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0006openalex-snapshot

An Application of the Framework to Coca Cultivation and Processing in Colombia

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.003.0007openalex-snapshot

The Case for Harm and Harm Assessment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.005.0001openalex-snapshot

Glossary of Terms

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.005.0002openalex-snapshot

Data on Coca in Colombia

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758174.005.0003openalex-snapshot

Where in Colombia Does Coca Grow?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac046openalex-snapshot

A Method for Organized Crime Harm Assessment: Connecting Associated Crimes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/police/paw048openalex-snapshot

The Fluidity of ‘Police Culture’: Encountering the Contextual Complexity of Policing Street-Level Drug Use

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.001.0001openalex-snapshot

Drugs and Drug Policy

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0001openalex-snapshot

Introduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0002openalex-snapshot

Why Is “Drug” the Name of a Problem?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0003openalex-snapshot

Why Have Drug Laws?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0004openalex-snapshot

How Does Drug-Law Enforcement Work?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0005openalex-snapshot

What Prevents Drug Abuse?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0006openalex-snapshot

What Treats Drug Abuse?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0007openalex-snapshot

How Much Crime Is Drug-Related?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0008openalex-snapshot

What Are the Benefits of Drug Use?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0009openalex-snapshot

Can Drug Problems Be Dealt With at the Source?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0010openalex-snapshot

Does International Drug Dealing Support Terrorism?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0011openalex-snapshot

When It Comes To Drugs, Why Can’t We Think Calmly and Play Nice?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.003.0012openalex-snapshot

Conclusion: What Is To Be Done?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.005.0013openalex-snapshot

How Do Drugs Work in the Brain?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00240.xopenalex-snapshot

THE PHILADELPHIA FOOT PATROL EXPERIMENT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF POLICE PATROL EFFECTIVENESS IN VIOLENT CRIME HOTSPOTS*

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21042034openalex-snapshot

Harm: a Neglected Concept in Criminology, a Necessary Benchmark for Crime-Control Policy

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022042613475614openalex-snapshot

The Harms of Cocaine Trafficking

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220426221098986openalex-snapshot

Controlled Delivery of Illegal Drug Parcels in Scotland: Does Policing Practice Align With a Public Health Approach Focused on Drug-Related Harm?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220426251330816openalex-snapshot

Help-Seeking for Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study From India

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0091450919871313openalex-snapshot

Harm Reduction Policing: From Drug Law Enforcement to Protection

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0091450920955247openalex-snapshot

Biopower, Disciplinary Power and Surveillance: An Ethnographic Analysis of the Lived Experience of People Who Use Drugs in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/145507251002700204openalex-snapshot

Unintended Negative Social Effects from Policing Cannabis in Copenhagen?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/17488958221142478openalex-snapshot

‘What discretion do you need?’ Factors influencing police decision-making in possession of cannabis offences

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178774272openalex-snapshot

Drug policing of youth

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220204.004openalex-snapshot

Comparison Between Indonesia and the United States in Enforcement of Narcotics Illicit Trafficking

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3240/73067openalex-snapshot

The informal regulation of an illegal trade: the hidden politics of drugs detective work

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781003154136-2openalex-snapshot

Harm reduction policing

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7249/rr3117openalex-snapshot

The Future of Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

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