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Sometimes (but Not This Time), a Gun Is Just a Gun: Masculinity Threat and Guns in the United States, 1999–2018

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0339-3openalex-snapshot
Men’s (Mis)Perceptions of the Gender Threatening Consequences of Unemployment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759270541049xopenalex-snapshot
America's Crisis of Values: Reality and Perception
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.853openalex-snapshot
Sexual harassment under social identity threat: The computer harassment paradigm.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/375708openalex-snapshot
The Logic of Masculinist Protection: Reflections on the Current Security State
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/668417openalex-snapshot
Overdoing Gender: A Test of the Masculine Overcompensation Thesis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/89.4.1165openalex-snapshot
The Context of Workplace Sex Discrimination: Sex Composition, Workplace Culture and Relative Power
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spx040openalex-snapshot
Gun Culture in Action
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00104.xopenalex-snapshot
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203046010010openalex-snapshot
Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia, and Violence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639openalex-snapshot
Hegemonic Masculinity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210374600openalex-snapshot
Working-Class Job Loss, Gender, and the Negotiation of Household Labor
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243211434612openalex-snapshot
Good Guys With Guns
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243213497251openalex-snapshot
Repackaging the “Package Deal”
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214554799openalex-snapshot
Mourning Mayberry
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002openalex-snapshot
Doing Gender
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/089124399013002004openalex-snapshot
SYMBOLIC TRADITIONALISM AND PRAGMATIC EGALITARIANISM
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184x05281390openalex-snapshot
Armed Citizens and the Stories They Tell
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504218766551openalex-snapshot
Emasculation, Conservatism, and the 2016 Election
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0203.253openalex-snapshot
You Can't Eat Love: Constructing Provider Role Expectations for Low-Income and Working-Class Fathers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203309506openalex-snapshot
Black Sexual Politics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203961438openalex-snapshot
Progressive Black Masculinities?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.31-5353openalex-snapshot
Hard bodies: Hollywood masculinity in the Reagan era
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.32-1146openalex-snapshot
Warrior dreams: paramilitary culture in post-Vietnam America
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.47-7175openalex-snapshot
Gun crusaders: the NRA's culture war
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7326/m16-1590openalex-snapshot
Firearm Acquisition Without Background Checks

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4669742openalex-extracted
The Breadwinner and “the Other”: Sexism, Immigrant Economic Threat, and Support for Immigration Restriction in American Public Opinion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01263-0openalex-snapshot
The Contribution of Gender Equality to the Coexistence of Progressive Abortion and Sexual Orientation Laws
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01344-8openalex-snapshot
“It’s Getting Difficult to Be a Straight White Man”: Bundled Masculinity Grievances on Reddit
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-025-01161-0openalex-snapshot
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Sexuality, Political Dynamics, Group Attitudes, and Victimization on Gun Ownership
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-023-00826-0openalex-snapshot
The breadwinner and “the other”: sexism, immigrant economic threat, and support for immigration restriction in American Public Opinion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.021openalex-snapshot
Suicide Distribution and Trends Among Male Older Adults in the U.S., 1999–2018
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2024.06.024openalex-snapshot
Associations Between Perceived Threats and Firearm Behaviors Among U.S. Adults
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118524openalex-snapshot
Triggered: Qualitatively exploring structural and social drivers of firearm violence exposure among LGBTQ+ young adults of color in Detroit
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103233openalex-snapshot
Men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning: Linking individual attitudes to macro-level contexts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00673-xopenalex-snapshot
Guns don’t kill people…: good guys and the legitimization of gun violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2215994openalex-snapshot
Why Gun Control Reform Is So Difficult: A Latent Class Analysis of Gun Policy Preferences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2024.2354163openalex-snapshot
Why some states bring more laws to the gunfight
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2021.1997787openalex-snapshot
Some fear, more loathing? Threats and anxieties shaping protective gun ownership and gun carry in the U.S.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2021.2011379openalex-snapshot
Understanding Gun Ownership in the Twenty-First Century: Why Some Americans Own Guns, but Most Do Not
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2024.2407093openalex-snapshot
Toward a Standard Measure of Gun Ownership: A Methodological and Theoretical Quandary in Firearm Research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14797585.2021.1993749openalex-snapshot
Men at (home) work: masculinity and the second shift during COVID-19
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Urban Gun Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.002.0004openalex-snapshot
Copyright Page
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.002.0005openalex-snapshot
Dedication
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.002.0007openalex-snapshot
Preface
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0001openalex-snapshot
Overview and Context
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0002openalex-snapshot
An Overview of Urban Self-Help Organizations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0003openalex-snapshot
Three Case Illustrations (Boston, Chicago, and Washington, D.C.)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0004openalex-snapshot
Understanding the Crisis of Urban Gun Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0005openalex-snapshot
Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Perspectives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0006openalex-snapshot
Approaches to Preventing and Intervening With Gun Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0007openalex-snapshot
Cross-Cutting Themes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0008openalex-snapshot
Recommendations for Education, Research, and Community Practice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515518.003.0009openalex-snapshot
Epilogue
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spac017openalex-snapshot
How Intersectional Threat Shapes Views of Gun Policy: The John Wayne Solution
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spac063openalex-snapshot
Polarized Support for Intimate Partner Violence Gun-Related Interventions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srae045openalex-snapshot
Jesus and John Wayne Wannabes: How Christian Nationalism and Femininity Shape Extreme Politics Among Men in the US
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/s0882-614520250000042002openalex-snapshot
The State of Intersectionality in Experimental Masculinity Threat Literature: A 30-Year Systematic Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/polp.70081openalex-snapshot
How Gender Affects Officer Support for Police Militarization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12599openalex-snapshot
The Crisis of Masculinity for Gendered Democracies: Before, During, and After Trump
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12612openalex-snapshot
Missing Voices, Missing Issues in the 2020 Election
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12946openalex-snapshot
What Should Sociologists Do?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12388openalex-snapshot
Racial Resentment or Sexism? White Americans’ Outgroup Attitudes as Predictors of Gun Ownership and NRA Membership
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12402openalex-snapshot
Gun‐free Zones? Political Opportunities, Resource Mobilization, and Shooting Sports Organizations at U.S. Colleges and Universities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12408openalex-snapshot
What Guns Mean: Who Sees Guns as Important, Essential, and Empowering (and Why)?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12410openalex-snapshot
Who Might Buy a Gun? Results from the Guns in American Life Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12412openalex-snapshot
Sticking to Their Guns: Examining Firearm‐Related Protective Actions among Intimate Partner Violence Victims
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13131openalex-snapshot
Presidential firepower: The effect of the presidential party on gun ownership, 1980–2018
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13462openalex-snapshot
Firearms, families, and financial distress: Economic instability and increased gun desire
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00111287251330775openalex-snapshot
The Right to Keep Arms Secretly? An Experimental Analysis of Popular Support for Public Gun Registries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221113564openalex-snapshot
Coercive Control or Self-Defense? Examining Firearm use in Male- and Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Homicide
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241252771openalex-snapshot
Disentangling the coping process in White rural men who carry guns
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241252773openalex-snapshot
The Dark Side of Safety: A Call for a More Thorough Consideration of Racism and Collective Power Motivations in the Social Psychology of Firearms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241255323openalex-snapshot
Honor Endorsement and Increased Firearm Purchasing Behavior and Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/07311214211028603openalex-snapshot
Feminism and Firearms: Gun Ownership, Gun Carrying, and Women’s Empowerment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/07311214211028619openalex-snapshot
Who Are Gun Owners in the United States? A Latent Class Analysis of the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0731121421998406openalex-snapshot
To Provide or Protect? Masculinity, Economic Precarity, and Protective Gun Ownership in the United States
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/08969205211073703openalex-snapshot
Conspiracies and Restorative Violence in American Culture
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/10778012251329370openalex-snapshot
Public Mass Shooters Who Target Specific Women: An Empirical Analysis of Target–Offender Relationships, Timing, and Key Characteristics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1097184x211023545openalex-snapshot
Protecting Manhood: Race, Class, and Masculinity in Men’s Attraction to Guns and Aggression
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/15579883211044342openalex-snapshot
Sexual Dysfunction and Gun Ownership in America: When Hard Data Meet a Limp Theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/15579883241255830openalex-snapshot
Size Matters? Penis Dissatisfaction and Gun Ownership in America
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15912551895078openalex-snapshot
Political identity, gender identity or both? The political effects of sexual orientation and gender identity items in survey research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x16068343934216openalex-snapshot
Under different umbrellas: intersectionality and alliances in US feminist politics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255095openalex-snapshot
Having female role models correlates with PhD students’ attitudes toward their own academic success
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w4udcopenalex-snapshot
Honor endorsement and increased firearm purchasing behavior and intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from three investigations of U.S. males
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/dvn4wopenalex-snapshot
Mass Shootings and Masculinity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/q2brwopenalex-snapshot
Articulating The Standard Model of Explaining the Irrationality of Defensive Gun Ownership
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1111681openalex-snapshot
This meat or that alternative? How masculinity stress influences food choice when goals are conflicted
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1296261openalex-snapshot
Gaining masculine power through guns? The impact of masculinity threat on attitudes toward guns
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5204/thesis.eprints.251489openalex-snapshot
"Passion Became My Purpose": Performances of Self by "Paedophile Hunters" Online
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