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Genetic Evidence for Two Species of Elephant in Africa

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of the felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes

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Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

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Molecular phylogeny of Elephantidae. Extreme divergence of the extant forest African elephant

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Adaptation, speciation and hybrid zones

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Comparative anchor tagged sequences (CATS) for integrative mapping of mammalian genomes

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Is there a future for elephants in West Africa?

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Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/135.2.599openalex-snapshot

Simple methods for testing the molecular evolutionary clock hypothesis.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876openalex-snapshot

The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111405openalex-snapshot

Structure and History of African Elephant Populations: I. Eastern and Southern Africa

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A Revision of our Knowledge of African Elephants' Teeth, with notes on Forest and “Pygmy” Elephants.

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A Remote Method for Obtaining Skin Biopsy Samples

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AN EXACT TEST FOR POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION

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The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4998.1187openalex-snapshot

Bureaucratic Mischief: Recognizing Endangered Species and Subspecies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.22237/elephant/1521732169openalex-snapshot

Living African elephants belong to two species: Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) and Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900)

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.22237/elephant/1521732173openalex-snapshot

Do Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana interbreed?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1006229openalex-snapshot

Origin and Evolution of the Elephantidae

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East African Mammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.81597openalex-snapshot

Handbuch der Naturgeschichte /

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Elephant

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Mitogenomic analyses from ancient DNA

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Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species

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An odorant-binding protein in the elephant's trunk is finely tuned to sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate

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Population structure of the African savannah elephant inferred from mitochondrial control region sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci

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Elephant calling patterns as indicators of group size and composition: the basis for an acoustic monitoring system

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Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations

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Irvingia , a forest host of the cocoa black‐pod pathogen, Phytophthora megakarya , in Cameroon

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2004198040335openalex-snapshot

Apports de la phylogénie moléculaire et de la morphométrie à la systématique des éléphants d’Afrique

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1071/9780643090712.part03openalex-snapshot

Management Issues

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1071/is10011openalex-snapshot

Need morphology always be required for new species descriptions?

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403170101openalex-snapshot

Assigning African elephant DNA to geographic region of origin: Applications to the ivory trade

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501947102openalex-snapshot

Global archaeological evidence for proboscidean overkill

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704816105openalex-snapshot

The role of Pleistocene refugia and rivers in shaping gorilla genetic diversity in central Africa

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802315105openalex-snapshot

Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812419106openalex-snapshot

Discoveries of new mammal species and their implications for conservation and ecosystem services

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720554115openalex-snapshot

A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208607120openalex-snapshot

Elephants as an animal model for self-domestication

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00207230600963171openalex-snapshot

The African elephant – something to cherish and to use

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2014.936329openalex-snapshot

Rare elephant molar (Loxodonta africana zulu) from the Windhoek Spring Deposit, Namibia

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2006.10697460openalex-snapshot

History of the systematics of theSesamia sensulato group of African noctuid stem borers of monocotyledonous plants (Lepidoptera)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2015.1024884openalex-snapshot

Multi-isotope analysis of elephant ivory artefacts from Amsterdam: a preliminary provenance study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2018.1513239openalex-snapshot

Tusk and transformation in southern African San rock art: an iconographic analysis of WAR2

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2060102openalex-snapshot

Species discovery and dental ecometrics: good news, bad news and recommendations for the future

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2286272openalex-snapshot

Estimating tusk masses in proboscideans: a comprehensive analysis and predictive model

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10020070612330008openalex-snapshot

New ancient DNA sequences suggest high genetic diversity for the woolly mammoth ( Mammuthus primigenius )*

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10635150215873openalex-snapshot

Combined Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Resolve Generic Relationships within the Cracidae (Galliformes, Aves)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390235368openalex-snapshot

Type I Sts Markers Are More Informative than Cytochrome b in Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Mustelidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2007.9712867openalex-snapshot

BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL TREASURY

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/386569openalex-snapshot

Elephant Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation BiologyA review ofThe Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation.ByRaman Sukumar.Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. $74.50. xv + 478 p; ill.; author and subject indexes. ISBN: 0–19–510778–0. 2003.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/710029openalex-snapshot

Defending Intrinsic Biological Essentialism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz018openalex-snapshot

Differences in combinatorial calls among the 3 elephant species cannot be explained by phylogeny

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.4.486openalex-snapshot

Conservation and behavior of Africa’s “Big Five”

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy060openalex-snapshot

Twenty-First Century Biological Nomenclature—The Enduring Power of Names

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/93.5.323openalex-snapshot

African-Derived Mitochondria in South American Native Cattle Breeds (Bos taurus): Evidence of a New Taurine Mitochondrial Lineage

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esad034openalex-snapshot

Genomic resources for Asian ( Elephas maximus ) and African savannah elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) conservation and health research

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esg027openalex-snapshot

DNA Surveillance: Web-Based Molecular Identification of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esn028openalex-snapshot

Population Genetic Structure of Savannah Elephants in Kenya: Conservation and Management Implications

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esp069openalex-snapshot

Detection of Cytonuclear Genomic Dissociation in the North American Captive African Elephant Collection

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr030openalex-snapshot

Relatedness and Demography of African Forest Elephants: Inferences from Noninvasive Fecal DNA Analyses

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr073openalex-snapshot

Distinguishing Forest and Savanna African Elephants Using Short Nuclear DNA Sequences

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esu022openalex-snapshot

Multilocus Characterization of a Woodrat (Genus Neotoma) Hybrid Zone

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwad022openalex-snapshot

Taxonomic species recognition should be consistent

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.001.0001openalex-snapshot

Biological Essentialism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.002.0003openalex-snapshot

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.002.0004openalex-snapshot

Dedication

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.002.0006openalex-snapshot

Preface

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.002.0007openalex-snapshot

Glossary of Named Doctrines

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.003.0001openalex-snapshot

Resurrecting Biological Essentialism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.003.0002openalex-snapshot

Defending Partly Intrinsic Taxon Essentialism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.003.0003openalex-snapshot

Historical Biological Essentialism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.003.0004openalex-snapshot

Individual Essentialism in Biology

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.003.0005openalex-snapshot

Type Specimens and Reference

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840282.003.0006openalex-snapshot

Racial Realism and Essentialism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2070openalex-snapshot

The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2383openalex-snapshot

Towards the delineation of the ancestral eutherian genome organization: comparative genome maps of human and the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) generated by chromosome painting

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3738openalex-snapshot

Foetal age determination and development in elephants

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0097openalex-snapshot

Extinction and recolonization of coastal megafauna following human arrival in New Zealand

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1447openalex-snapshot

The promise of a DNA taxonomy

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1454openalex-snapshot

The role of taxonomy in species conservation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1730openalex-snapshot

Towards writing the encyclopaedia of life: an introduction to DNA barcoding

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1831openalex-snapshot

Ovulation, pregnancy, placentation and husbandry in the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana )

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.25.554381openalex-snapshot

Using a multiscale lidar approach to determine variation in canopy structure from African forest elephant trails

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.13.653790openalex-snapshot

Elephants inhabiting two forested sites in western Uganda exhibit contrasting patterns of species identity, density, and history of hybridization

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.69.036123openalex-snapshot

Scale-free behavior and universality in random fragmentation and aggregation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12796openalex-snapshot

Evolution and conservation genetics of pangolins

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/aje.70043openalex-snapshot

Giant Gardeners of the Forest: How African Forest Elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) Shape Mammal Biodiversity in the Republic of Congo

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12423openalex-snapshot

Seed dispersal kernel of the largest surviving megaherbivore—the African savanna elephant

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13035openalex-snapshot

Ecological consequences of forest elephant declines for Afrotropical forests

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13395openalex-snapshot

Inertia in CITES nomenclature

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-7272.2004.00156.xopenalex-snapshot

The vomeronasal organ and associated structures of the fetal African elephant,Loxodonta africana(Proboscidea, Elephantidae)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00044.xopenalex-snapshot

A case study of apparent conflict between molecular phylogenies: the interrelationships of African elephants

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00762.xopenalex-snapshot

Forest elephant group composition, frugivory and coastal use in the Réserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2012.01340.xopenalex-snapshot

Exploring the relationship between NDVI and African elephant population density in protected areas

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01044.xopenalex-snapshot

METHODOLOGICAL INSIGHTS: Using seismic sensors to detect elephants and other large mammals: a potential census technique

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01068.xopenalex-snapshot

Holocene vegetation change and the mammal faunas of South America and Africa

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01270.xopenalex-snapshot

Body size, biomic specialization and range size of African large mammals

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02559.xopenalex-snapshot

Analysis of sex‐linked sequences supports a new mammal species in Europe

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