On the public citation graph

A Vital Role for Interleukin-21 in the Control of a Chronic Viral Infection

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175194
0 signed · 514 inferred · view as graph

Inferred edges come from two machine sources: sweeps of open repository metadata (mostly SSRN and Zenodo), and a bulk OpenAlex citation snapshot. Every row below is labelled with the one it came from. Neither is a complete citation index — absence here is not evidence of absence.

Is this your work? Sign in with ORCID and put your name on the claims that are yours.
Claim with ORCID
Reference health. See whether every reference in this work resolves to a known work and none has been retracted — and get a dated CiteStamped badge you can embed.
See reference health

What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4141(200208)32:8<2199::aid-immu2199>3.0.co;2-lopenalex-snapshot
CD8 lethargy in the absence of CD4 help
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-008-0600-8openalex-snapshot
Immune activation in advanced cancer patients treated with recombinant IL-21: multianalyte profiling of serum proteins
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.003openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21: A new modulator of immunity, infection, and cancer
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2009.03.003openalex-snapshot
Follicular Helper T Cells: Lineage and Location
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80628-7openalex-snapshot
Comparison of Activation versus Induction of Unresponsiveness of Virus-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells upon Acute versus Persistent Viral Infection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/35040504openalex-snapshot
Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/362758a0openalex-snapshot
Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T cells
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01441openalex-snapshot
CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05970openalex-snapshot
IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cells
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1129openalex-snapshot
Cognate CD4+ T cell licensing of dendritic cells in CD8+ T cell immunity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0703-861openalex-snapshot
Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy in AIDS virus infections
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.160.2.521openalex-snapshot
Selection of genetic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in spleens of persistently infected mice. Role in suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and viral persistence.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.187.9.1383openalex-snapshot
Induction and Exhaustion of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Visualized Using Soluble Tetrameric Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Peptide Complexes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.12.2205openalex-snapshot
Viral Immune Evasion Due to Persistence of Activated T Cells Without Effector Function
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041057openalex-snapshot
Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0b013e31815d968dopenalex-snapshot
From the NIH: Proceedings of a Workshop on the Importance of Self-Obtained Vaginal Specimens for Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1077002openalex-snapshot
A Critical Role for IL-21 in Regulating Immunoglobulin Production
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082305openalex-snapshot
Requirement for CD4 T Cell Help in Generating Functional CD8 T Cell Memory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1083317openalex-snapshot
Defective CD8 T Cell Memory Following Acute Infection Without CD4 T Cell Help
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02844-06openalex-snapshot
Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Specific T-Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HBV Infection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.12.8056-8063.1994openalex-snapshot
CD4+ T cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.7.4700-4704.1994openalex-snapshot
Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.2.1072-1079.1996openalex-snapshot
CD4-deficient mice have reduced levels of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes after immunization and show diminished resistance to subsequent virus challenge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.23.12388-12393.2002openalex-snapshot
Compromised Influenza Virus-Specific CD8 + -T-Cell Memory in CD4 + -T-Cell-Deficient Mice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.8.4911-4927.2003openalex-snapshot
Viral Persistence Alters CD8 T-Cell Immunodominance and Tissue Distribution and Results in Distinct Stages of Functional Impairment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.16.10514-10527.2005openalex-snapshot
Intrinsic Functional Dysregulation of CD4 T Cells Occurs Rapidly following Persistent Viral Infection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2834openalex-snapshot
CD4 T Cell-Dependent CD8 T Cell Maturation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4204openalex-snapshot
Maintenance, Loss, and Resurgence of T Cell Responses During Acute, Protracted, and Chronic Viral Infections

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3802857openalex-extracted
CD4 T Cell Help Prevents CD8 T Cell Exhaustion and Promotes Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202404961openalex-snapshot
Ribonuclease 1 Induces T‐Cell Dysfunction and Impairs CD8+ T‐Cell Cytotoxicity to Benefit Tumor Growth through Hijacking STAT1
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/art.38658openalex-snapshot
Interleukin‐21–Producing c‐Maf–Expressing CD4+ T Cells Induce Effector CD8+ T Cells and Enhance Autoimmune Inflammation in Scurfy Mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200939939openalex-snapshot
Critical role for IL‐21 in both primary and memory anti‐viral CD8+ T‐cell responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200940102openalex-snapshot
How chronic viral infections impact on antigen‐specific T‐cell responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200940113openalex-snapshot
CD5+ B cells from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus express granzyme B
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201040603openalex-snapshot
Tumor immune therapy: Lessons from infection and implications for cancer – Can IL‐7 help overcome immune inhibitory networks?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041076openalex-snapshot
Enhancement of proliferation and downregulation of TRAIL expression on CD8+ T cells by IL‐21
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201141575openalex-snapshot
T‐cell help permits memory CD8+ T‐cell inflation during cytomegalovirus latency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201142205openalex-snapshot
From crucial to negligible: Functional CD 8+ T ‐cell responses and their dependence on CD 4+ T ‐cell help
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201142275openalex-snapshot
Antigen amount dictates CD 8 + T ‐cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection irrespective of the type of antigen presenting cell
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201242852openalex-snapshot
T ‐cell exhaustion due to persistent antigen: Quantity not quality?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24604openalex-snapshot
Hepatitis B virus infection: A strong case against ageism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26645openalex-snapshot
T cell exhaustion in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical implications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29142openalex-snapshot
IL‐21 collaborates with anti‐TIGIT to restore NK cell function in chronic HBV infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1475openalex-snapshot
Single‐cell analysis of CD8 T lymphocyte diversity during adaptive immunity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/82_2010_96openalex-snapshot
The Role of IL-10 in Regulating Immunity to Persistent Viral Infections
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7107-4_37openalex-snapshot
Viral Hepatitis B
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8678-7_88openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 Deficiency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8678-7_89openalex-snapshot
IL-21 Receptor (IL-21R) Deficiency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8809-5_12openalex-snapshot
Immunologic Outcomes of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Graft-Versus-Host and Graft-Versus-Leukemia Responses and Implications for Future Therapy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9209-2_88-1openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 Deficiency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9209-2_89-1openalex-snapshot
IL-21 Receptor (IL-21R) Deficiency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2498-1_2openalex-snapshot
Identification of Follicular T Helper Cells in Tissue Sections
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_13openalex-snapshot
Immune Response to Microsporidia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54442-5_5openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21: A Pleiotropic Mediator of Immunity and Inflammation with Broad Therapeutic Potential
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0050-9_16openalex-snapshot
Emerging New Therapies for Viral Hepatitis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_1openalex-snapshot
Structural Basis for Signaling Through Shared Common γ Chain Cytokines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-0968-7openalex-snapshot
Homeostatic maintenance of T cells and natural killer cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-024-05402-0openalex-snapshot
Differentiation and regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in Parkinson’s disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-015-0482-8openalex-snapshot
Effector CD8 T cell immunity in microsporidial infection: a lone defense mechanism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00744-5openalex-snapshot
CD8+ T cell exhaustion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-017-0492-3openalex-snapshot
Role of IL-21 in HTLV-1 infections with emphasis on HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5072-xopenalex-snapshot
Under-Evaluated or Unassessed Pathogenic Pathways in Autoimmune Hepatitis and Implications for Future Management
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-9831-3openalex-snapshot
Elevated Serum IL-21 Levels in Hantavirus-Infected Patients Correlate with the Severity of the Disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-025-01199-5openalex-snapshot
T Cell Exhaustion in Allergic Diseases and Allergen Immunotherapy: A Novel Biomarker?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2669-zopenalex-snapshot
IL-21 as a Predictor of Sustained Virologic Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-009-8135-4openalex-snapshot
Immune evasive mechanisms contributing to persistent Leishmania donovani infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-010-8162-1openalex-snapshot
Translating insights from persistent LCMV infection into anti-HIV immunity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-013-8457-0openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 and T follicular helper cells in HIV infection: research focus and future perspectives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-019-0114-5openalex-snapshot
Toxoplasma: Immunity and Pathogenesis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.08013-9openalex-snapshot
Transition of T Cells from Effector to Memory Phase
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.14007-xopenalex-snapshot
NK Cells in T Cell Regulation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.14026-3openalex-snapshot
CD4 T Cell Immunity to Viral Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824465-4.00278-7openalex-snapshot
Phenotypic, Functional and Transcriptional Heterogeneity in T Cell Exhaustion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824465-4.00281-7openalex-snapshot
T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cells are a Distinct CD4 T Helper Subset
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-128-24465-4.00278-7openalex-snapshot
Phenotypic, Functional and Transcriptional Heterogeneity in T Cell Exhaustion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-29875-9.00006-9openalex-snapshot
The Developing Immune System and Allergy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0271-2.00006-7openalex-snapshot
The Developing Immune System and Allergy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117987openalex-snapshot
Unravelling the modified T cell receptor through Gen-Next CAR T cell therapy in Glioblastoma: Current status and future challenges
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.007openalex-snapshot
Neoantigen-driven B cell and CD4 T follicular helper cell collaboration promotes anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.069openalex-snapshot
A Critical Role of IL-21-Induced BATF in Sustaining CD8-T-Cell-Mediated Chronic Viral Control
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.099openalex-snapshot
Diversity of the CD4 T Cell Alloresponse: The Short and the Long of It
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.065openalex-snapshot
Overcoming CD4 Th1 Cell Fate Restrictions to Sustain Antiviral CD8 T Cells and Control Persistent Virus Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108078openalex-snapshot
Landscape of Exhausted Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells in Chronic LCMV Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108966openalex-snapshot
UTX promotes CD8+ T cell-mediated antiviral defenses but reduces T cell durability
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109696openalex-snapshot
CD4 T cell help prevents CD8 T cell exhaustion and promotes control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111736openalex-snapshot
Spatial transcriptomics demonstrates the role of CD4 T cells in effector CD8 T cell differentiation during chronic viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.03.009openalex-snapshot
Emergence of Distinct Multiarmed Immunoregulatory Antigen-Presenting Cells during Persistent Viral Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.05.014openalex-snapshot
Networking at the Level of Host Immunity: Immune Cell Interactions during Persistent Viral Infections
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2010.02.013openalex-snapshot
Inflammatory cytokines as a third signal for T cell activation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2010.03.004openalex-snapshot
Opposing positive and negative regulation of T cell activity during viral persistence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2013.05.010openalex-snapshot
Transcriptional regulation of effector and memory CD8+ T cell fates
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2015.02.010openalex-snapshot
Advances in IL-21 biology — enhancing our understanding of human disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102600openalex-snapshot
CD8+T cell exhaustion: the potential for treating autoimmune diseases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.015openalex-snapshot
Contribution of cytokines to pathology and protection in virus infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2020.10.003openalex-snapshot
Origin and fine-tuning of effector CD8 T cell subpopulations in chronic infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2009.09.008openalex-snapshot
Regulation of memory T cells by γc cytokines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2009.11.001openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 restrains tumor growth and induces a substantial increase in the number of circulating tumor-specific T cells in a murine model of malignant melanoma
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.018openalex-snapshot
Therapeutic utility of the newly discovered properties of interleukin-21
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.006openalex-snapshot
Cytokines and persistent viral infections
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.004openalex-snapshot
The role of interleukin-21 in HIV infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.043openalex-snapshot
Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus interleukin 21 induces inflammatory response and plays a vital role in the immune defense against bacterial pathogen
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.015openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 and cellular activation concurrently induce potent cytotoxic function and promote antiviral activity in human CD8 T cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.005openalex-snapshot
IL21 and IL21R polymorphisms and their interactive effects on serum IL-21 and IgE levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.021openalex-snapshot
Biological effects of IL-21 on different immune cells and its role in autoimmune diseases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106938openalex-snapshot
The importance of type I interferon in orchestrating the cytotoxic T-cell response to cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2009.06.019openalex-snapshot
A Role for the Transcriptional Repressor Blimp-1 in CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion during Chronic Viral Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2010.09.015openalex-snapshot
Future Vaccination Strategies against Tuberculosis: Thinking outside the Box
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.07.010openalex-snapshot
CD8+ T Cells: Foot Soldiers of the Immune System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.016openalex-snapshot
A Critical Role for STAT3 Transcription Factor Signaling in the Development and Maintenance of Human T Cell Memory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.005openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 Receptor-Mediated Signals Control Autoreactive T Cell Infiltration in Pancreatic Islets
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.024openalex-snapshot
Th22 Cells Are an Important Source of IL-22 for Host Protection against Enteropathogenic Bacteria
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.019openalex-snapshot
Cytokine-Mediated Programmed Proliferation of Virus-Specific CD8+ Memory T Cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.010openalex-snapshot
Cell-Intrinsic IL-27 and gp130 Cytokine Receptor Signaling Regulates Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses and Viral Control during Chronic Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.005openalex-snapshot
Molecular and Transcriptional Basis of CD4+ T Cell Dysfunction during Chronic Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.002openalex-snapshot
T Follicular Helper Cell-Dependent Clearance of a Persistent Virus Infection Requires T Cell Expression of the Histone Demethylase UTX
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.011openalex-snapshot
Circulating HIV-Specific Interleukin-21+CD4+ T Cells Represent Peripheral Tfh Cells with Antigen-Dependent Helper Functions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.002openalex-snapshot
CD8+ T Cell Priming in Established Chronic Viral Infection Preferentially Directs Differentiation of Memory-like Cells for Sustained Immunity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.009openalex-snapshot
CD4+ T Cell Help Is Required for the Formation of a Cytolytic CD8+ T Cell Subset that Protects against Chronic Infection and Cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.007openalex-snapshot
Transforming growth factor-β-regulated mTOR activity preserves cellular metabolism to maintain long-term T cell responses in chronic infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.018openalex-snapshot
Tfh-cell-derived interleukin 21 sustains effector CD8+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.029openalex-snapshot
The alarmin interleukin-33 promotes the expansion and preserves the stemness of Tcf-1+ CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.005openalex-snapshot
CD8+ T cells in the cancer-immunity cycle
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.11.021openalex-snapshot
Durable lymphocyte subset elimination upon a single dose of AAV-delivered depletion antibody dissects immune control of chronic viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.017openalex-snapshot
Efficient production of recombinant IL-21 proteins for pre-clinical studies by a two-step dilution refolding method
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.012openalex-snapshot
Follicular CD4 T Cells Tutor CD8 Early Memory Precursors: An Initiatory Journey to the Frontier of B Cell Territory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113537openalex-snapshot
An interleukin-27-centered cytokine circuit regulates macrophage and T cell interactions in autoimmune diabetes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2011.01.004openalex-snapshot
Cytokines and the inception of CD8 T cell responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2015.02.008openalex-snapshot
Overcoming T cell exhaustion in infection and cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2016.06.001openalex-snapshot
IL-21 and T Cell Differentiation: Consider the Context
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2017.05.008openalex-snapshot
Molecular Dissection of CD8 + T-Cell Dysfunction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.07.001openalex-snapshot
A novel mutation in CD132 causes X-CID with defective T-cell activation and impaired humoral reactivity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.05.029openalex-snapshot
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mutations underlying autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome impair human CD8+ T-cell memory formation and function
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.012openalex-snapshot
Human B cells promote T-cell plasticity to optimize antibody response by inducing coexpression of TH1/TFH signatures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.047openalex-snapshot
IL-21 promotes allergic airway inflammation by driving apoptosis of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2013.06.007openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-7: Fuel for the autoimmune attack
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102689openalex-snapshot
New developments implicating IL-21 in autoimmune disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.006openalex-snapshot
Uncover the immune biomarkers underlying hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion: A need for more translational study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.033openalex-snapshot
Immune outcomes in the liver: Is CD8 T cell fate determined by the environment?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.016openalex-snapshot
OX40 stimulation and PD-L1 blockade synergistically augment HBV-specific CD4 T cells in patients with HBeAg-negative infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.07.019openalex-snapshot
IL-21 optimizes T cell and humoral responses in the central nervous system during viral encephalitis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.12.001openalex-snapshot
IFNγ inhibits Th17 differentiation and function via Tbet-dependent and Tbet-independent mechanisms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2010.08.008openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21: a multifunctional regulator of immunity to infections
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.004openalex-snapshot
IL-21-producer CD4+ T cell kinetics during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2019.11.002openalex-snapshot
IL-21 is associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection in a Colombian HIV exposed seronegative cohort
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.008openalex-snapshot
Association between Interleukin-21 and Interleukin-21 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and HBV spontaneous clearance in Iranian population
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.008openalex-snapshot
Promoting immunity during chronic infection—The therapeutic potential of common gamma-chain cytokines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.001openalex-snapshot
CD4+ T Cell Differentiation in Chronic Viral Infections: The Tfh Perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2025.156081openalex-snapshot
T cell exhaustion: Focus on molecular pathways
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106030openalex-snapshot
Zoledronate-induced activation of γδ T cells is associated with NK cell activation and reduced parasite burden in the cecum of Eimeria tenella-infected chicks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2019.101307openalex-snapshot
Common gamma chain cytokines and CD8 T cells in cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2023.101797openalex-snapshot
T follicular helper cells in cancer, tertiary lymphoid structures, and beyond
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.05.006openalex-snapshot
Control and Eradication Strategies of Hepatitis B Virus
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2010.05.003openalex-snapshot
Fighting cancers from within: augmenting tumor immunity with cytokine therapy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.017openalex-snapshot
Mechanistic basis of immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.118openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 administration to rhesus macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus increases cytotoxic effector molecules in T cells and NK cells and enhances B cell function without increasing immune activation or viral replication
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.042openalex-snapshot
Synergy of mIL-21 and mIL-15 in enhancing DNA vaccine efficacy against acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.061openalex-snapshot
Memory inflation following adenoviral vaccination depends on IL-21
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.015openalex-snapshot
Induction and function of virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.012openalex-snapshot
Anti-viral CD8 T cells and the cytokines that they love
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.013openalex-snapshot
Cell entry of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is restricted in myotubes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.033openalex-snapshot
T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infections
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.016openalex-snapshot
Generation of highly proliferative, rejuvenated cytotoxic T cell clones through pluripotency reprogramming for adoptive immunotherapy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2776(08)04003-0openalex-snapshot
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Allergic Inflammation : Atopic Asthma as a Paradigm
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2014.109openalex-snapshot
Role of interleukin-21 in HBV infection: friend or foe?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2010.63openalex-snapshot
HBcAg induces interleukin‐10 production, inhibiting HBcAg‐specific Th17 responses in chronic hepatitis B patients
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2016.81openalex-snapshot
T‐cell exhaustion: understanding the interface of chronic viral and autoinflammatory diseases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.377openalex-snapshot
IFN-γ, IL-21, and IL-10 Co-Expression in Evolving Autoimmune Vitiligo Lesions of Smyth Line Chickens
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2017.47openalex-snapshot
Citrobacter rodentium: a model enteropathogen for understanding the interplay of innate and adaptive components of type 3 immunity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nature08898openalex-snapshot
Immunology and the elusive AIDS vaccine
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nature10624openalex-snapshot
Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14647openalex-snapshot
IL-21 restricts T follicular regulatory T cell proliferation through Bcl-6 mediated inhibition of responsiveness to IL-2
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15776openalex-snapshot
IL-21-mediated reversal of NK cell exhaustion facilitates anti-tumour immunity in MHC class I-deficient tumours
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1948openalex-snapshot
The CD4+ T-cell help signal is transmitted from APC to CD8+ T-cells via CD27–CD70 interactions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8562openalex-snapshot
IL-21 induces antiviral microRNA-29 in CD4 T cells to limit HIV-1 infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2035openalex-snapshot
T cell exhaustion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2648openalex-snapshot
MicroRNAs of the miR-17∼92 family are critical regulators of TFH differentiation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3399openalex-snapshot
Tumor-necrosis factor impairs CD4+ T cell–mediated immunological control in chronic viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3563openalex-snapshot
Protective neutralizing influenza antibody response in the absence of T follicular helper cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3054openalex-snapshot
Harnessing CD4+ T cell responses in HIV vaccine development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4241openalex-snapshot
T memory stem cells in health and disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3322openalex-snapshot
Paths to stemness: building the ultimate antitumour T cell
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4296openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2015.10openalex-snapshot
The multifaceted role of CD4+ T cells in CD8+ T cell memory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.38openalex-snapshot
T cell responses to cytomegalovirus
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nri3152openalex-snapshot
Expanding roles for CD4+ T cells in immunity to viruses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nri3862openalex-snapshot
Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01471-yopenalex-snapshot
T cells in health and disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07492-4openalex-snapshot
Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils an IL-10-producing helper subset that sustains humoral immunity during persistent infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21241-0openalex-snapshot
Targeting IL-21 to tumor-reactive T cells enhances memory T cell responses and anti-PD-1 antibody therapy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-00805-3openalex-snapshot
Beneficial effect of temporary methotrexate interruption on B and T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0206-zopenalex-snapshot
Massively parallel single-cell chromatin landscapes of human immune cell development and intratumoral T cell exhaustion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01060-7openalex-snapshot
Dynamic CD4+ T cell heterogeneity defines subset-specific suppression and PD-L1-blockade-driven functional restoration in chronic infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01860-7openalex-snapshot
Stem-like T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in humans
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01896-9openalex-snapshot
T cell dysfunction and therapeutic intervention in cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07853-xopenalex-snapshot
Identification of the novel 3′ UTR sequences of human IL-21 mRNA as potential targets of miRNAs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27163-0openalex-snapshot
Model of the adaptive immune response system against HCV infection reveals potential immunomodulatory agents for combination therapy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51636-5openalex-snapshot
IL-21 regulates SOCS1 expression in autoreactive CD8+ T cells but is not required for acquisition of CTL activity in the islets of non-obese diabetic mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep24991openalex-snapshot
Functional differences in hepatitis C virus nonstructural (NS) 3/4A- and 5A-specific T cell responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep36720openalex-snapshot
IL-21 signaling is essential for optimal host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2012286013openalex-snapshot
L’interleukine-21, une cytokine clé dans le contrôle du VIH et d’autres infections virales chroniques
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913729107openalex-snapshot
γ c deficiency precludes CD8 + T cell memory despite formation of potent T cell effectors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914500107openalex-snapshot
IL-10 directly suppresses CD4 but not CD8 T cell effector and memory responses following acute viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118450109openalex-snapshot
Antigen-specific CD4 T-cell help rescues exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203543109openalex-snapshot
Regulation of innate CD8 + T-cell activation mediated by cytokines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1401662111openalex-snapshot
Type I interferon suppresses de novo virus-specific CD4 Th1 immunity during an established persistent viral infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511711112openalex-snapshot
Opposing roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in IL-21 function in CD4 + T cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116741119openalex-snapshot
B cell–derived IL-27 promotes control of persistent LCMV infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.311084openalex-snapshot
Crystal Structure of Interleukin-21 Receptor (IL-21R) Bound to IL-21 Reveals That Sugar Chain Interacting with WSXWS Motif Is Integral Part of IL-21R
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08916934.2019.1641200openalex-snapshot
Immune inhibitory proteins and their pathogenic and therapeutic implications in autoimmunity and autoimmune hepatitis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2021.1937123openalex-snapshot
Reversing T-cell exhaustion in immunotherapy: a review on current approaches and limitations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1874134openalex-snapshot
Lipophagy confers a key metabolic advantage that ensures protective CD8A T-cell responses against HIV-1
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1972403openalex-snapshot
Autophagy-dependent glutaminolysis drives superior IL21 production in HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091777openalex-snapshot
IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell–intrinsic mechanism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101773openalex-snapshot
Viral persistence redirects CD4 T cell differentiation toward T follicular helper cells
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20121517openalex-snapshot
Revealing the role of CD4+ T cells in viral immunity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20132577openalex-snapshot
Interplay between regulatory T cells and PD-1 in modulating T cell exhaustion and viral control during chronic LCMV infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20140280openalex-snapshot
Human TYK2 deficiency: Mycobacterial and viral infections without hyper-IgE syndrome
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20150598openalex-snapshot
High antigen levels induce an exhausted phenotype in a chronic infection without impairing T cell expansion and survival
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220679openalex-snapshot
Clonal lineage tracing reveals mechanisms skewing CD8+ T cell fate decisions in chronic infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220686openalex-snapshot
STAT3 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation and functions in cancer and acute infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2017.0160openalex-snapshot
IL-21 Therapy Controls Immune Activation and Maintains Antiviral CD8 + T Cell Responses in Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2018.2449openalex-snapshot
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Creating T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2013.0119openalex-snapshot
Interleukin-21 Responses in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2009.0110openalex-snapshot
Minimal Effect of CD103 Expression on the Control of a Chronic Antiviral Immune Response
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2014.0051openalex-snapshot
A Fusion DNA Vaccine Encoding Middle Version of HBV Envelope Protein Fused to Interleukin-21 Did Not Enhance HBV-Specific Immune Response in Mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu501openalex-snapshot
A Jekyll and Hyde Profile: Type 1 Interferon Signaling Plays a Prominent Role in the Initiation and Maintenance of a Persistent Virus Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy576openalex-snapshot
Interleukin 21 Reinvigorates the Antiviral Activity of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Specific CD8+ T Cells in Chronic HBV Infection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxac038openalex-snapshot
CD8 T-cell heterogeneity during T-cell exhaustion and PD-1-targeted immunotherapy
showing the first 200 of 485 · page through all 485
Editorial review for independent work. ICSAC — the Institute for Complexity Science and Advanced Computing — runs a structured editorial panel for researchers publishing outside journals, and publishes on CiteStamp rails. Submission is free and goes through ORCID: icsacinstitute.org/submit.