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Factors affecting intra- and inter-specific variations in the difference between alert distances and flight distances for birds in forested habitats
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1057openalex-snapshot
Flocking is an effective anti-predation strategy in redshanks, Tringa totanus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1227openalex-snapshot
Experimental investigations of mass-dependent predation risk in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1995.0069openalex-snapshot
Practical considerations in the use of simultaneous inference for multiple tests
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0109openalex-snapshot
Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0286openalex-snapshot
Alarm calling in yellow-bellied marmots: II. The importance of direct fitness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0360openalex-snapshot
Direction of predator approach and the decision to flee to a refuge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0765openalex-snapshot
Does diurnal variation in body mass affect take-off ability in wintering willow tits?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2000.0515openalex-snapshot
Camouflage and escape decisions in the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9openalex-snapshot
Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00001944openalex-snapshot
Distance-to-cover and the escape decisions of an African cichlid fish, Melanochromis chipokae
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00171659openalex-snapshot
Individual variation in mate care by alpha males in crested tit winter flocks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00328405openalex-snapshot
Life in extreme environments: Investigations on the ecophysiology of a desert bird, the Australian Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata Latham)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00378552openalex-snapshot
Maximizing feeding efficiency and minimizing time exposed to predators: a trade-off in the black-capped chickadee
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650000199openalex-snapshot
Antipredator behavior of a social desert rodent: footdrumming and alarm calling in the great gerbil, Rhombomys opiums
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(79)90023-xopenalex-snapshot
The early warning function of flocking in birds: An experimental study with captive quelea
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(80)90072-5openalex-snapshot
Observations on how close certain passerine species will tolerate an approaching human in rural and suburban areas
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(83)90036-8openalex-snapshot
Pronghorn foraging economy and predator avoidance in a desert ecosystem: Implications for the convertion of large mammalian herbivores
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(89)90005-0openalex-snapshot
How to make biological surveys go further with generalised linear models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90653-iopenalex-snapshot
Behaviour of marmots marmota marmota under the influence of different hiking activities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2003.08.004openalex-snapshot
Do variations in scanning behavior affect tolerance to human disturbance?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80110-1openalex-snapshot
Contrasting effects of protective and obstructive cover on avian vigilance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80603-7openalex-snapshot
Association among wild orang-utans: sociality, passive aggregations or chance?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(74)80049-7openalex-snapshot
Experimental analysis of the social value of flocking by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(84)80239-0openalex-snapshot
Vigilance and scanning patterns in birds
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00158-0openalex-snapshot
Effects of human approaches to nests of northern New Zealand dotterels
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60192-8openalex-snapshot
The Economics of Fleeing from Predators
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(01)00032-8openalex-snapshot
Heterothermia in pigeons and doves reduces energetic costs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000273openalex-snapshot
Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: implications for park design
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.104.4.388openalex-snapshot
Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis): Variation as a function of human exposure.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010089.xopenalex-snapshot
Set‐Back Distances to Protect Nesting Bird Colonies from Human Disturbance in Florida
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1071/zo00003openalex-snapshot
The influence of visual obstructions on the vigilance and escape behaviour of house sparrows, Passer domesticus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650009461156openalex-snapshot
Effects of human disturbance on spatial and temporal feeding patterns of Blackbird Turdus merula in urban parks in Madrid, Spain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/284556openalex-snapshot
Attack Abatement: A Model for Group Protection by Combined Avoidance and Dilution
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/7.3.299openalex-snapshot
The influence of distance to burrow on flight initiation distance in the woodchuck, Marmota monax
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.6.622openalex-snapshot
Ecological factors influencing the antipredator behaviors of the ground skink, Scincella lateralis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.247openalex-snapshot
LOCAL AND REGIONAL EFFECTS OF PEDESTRIANS ON FOREST BIRDS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1995.0165openalex-snapshot
Diurnal variation in flight performance and hence potential predation risk in small birds
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0535openalex-snapshot
Re–examining safety in numbers: interactions between risk dilution and collective detection depend upon predator targeting behaviour
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1993.0050openalex-snapshot
The ecological costs of avian fat storage
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-77-4-671openalex-snapshot
Escape behavior by prey blocked from entering the nearest refuge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1139/z90-092openalex-snapshot
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-181openalex-snapshot
Habitat factors affecting vulnerability of moose to predation by wolves in southeastern British Columbia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-242openalex-snapshot
Ajustement des distances de fuite à l'homme chezMarmota marmota
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1163/156853998793066320openalex-snapshot
Vigilance Behaviour in African Ungulates: The Role of Predation Pressure
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.130.1.235openalex-snapshot
Maximum Lift Production During Takeoff in Flying Animals
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0422:baeeod>2.0.co;2openalex-snapshot
BEHAVIORAL AND ECOLOGIC EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION PRESSURE ON MOOSE IN ALASKA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1642:btbtto]2.0.co;2openalex-snapshot
BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION BY TREECREEPERS: TRADE-OFF BETWEEN SAVING ENERGY AND REDUCING CRYPSIS
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1565641openalex-snapshot
Intraspecific Variation in Antipredator Responses of Three Species of Lizards (Liolaemus): Possible Effects of Human Presence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2269386openalex-snapshot
Does Repeated Human Intrusion Cause Cumulative Declines in Avian Richness and Abundance?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2532694openalex-snapshot
Adjusted P-Values for Simultaneous Inference
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3544069openalex-snapshot
Breeding Avifauna of a Mediterranean Succession: The Holm oak and Cork Oak Series in the Eastern Pyrenees, 1. Analysis and Modelling of the Structure Gradient
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3545422openalex-snapshot
Protective Cover and the Use of Space: Different Strategies in Finches
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3545654openalex-snapshot
Titrating Food and Safety in a Heterogeneous Environment: When Are the Risky and Safe Patches of Equal Value?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3546428openalex-snapshot
An Experimental Test of the Costs of Antipredatory Refuge Use in the Wall Lizard, Podarcis muralis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3566005openalex-snapshot
Protective Cover and the Use of Space by Finches: Is Closer Better?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3802203openalex-snapshot
Bird Reactions to Observer Clothing Color: Implications for Distance-Sampling Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3802292openalex-snapshot
Effect of Winter Temperature on Wild Turkey Metabolism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3802910openalex-snapshot
Flush Responses of Mexican Spotted Owls to Recreationists
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/4089237openalex-snapshot
Energetics and Thermoregulation by Small Passerines of the Humid, Lowland Tropics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/5530openalex-snapshot
Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1998.001openalex-snapshot
Reactions and adjustment of adult and young alpine marmots Marmota marmota to intense hiking activities
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2003.08.004openalex-snapshot
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Escaping behavior in goitered gazelle
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Nearest neighbour distance does not affect escape behaviour in urban hooded crows
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Adjusting risk-taking to the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds
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Population decline of the White-fronted Chat ( Epthianura albifrons ) in New South Wales, Australia
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Behavioural responses of migratory shorebirds to disturbance at a high-tide roost
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Observer effects occur when estimating alert but not flight-initiation distances
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Defining separation zones for coastal birds at a wetland of global importance
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Effect of visibility on time allocation and escape decisions in crimson rosellas
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Collective detection in escape responses of temporary groups of Iberian green frogs
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Tropical birds take small risks
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Sex-specific phenotypic integration: endocrine profiles, coloration, and behavior in fledgling boobies
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USING THE RISK-DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS TO ASSESS THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF HUMAN DISTURBANCE AND PREDATION RISK ON FORAGING AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS
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Risk-taking behavior of bull-headed shrikes that recently colonized islands
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoad049openalex-snapshot
Responses of birds to observers holding popguns: Hunting history influences escape behavior of urban birds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250047openalex-snapshot
Light tuned to the avian eye elicits early detection and escape from an approaching aircraft
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Are fast explorers slow reactors? Linking personality type and anti-predator behaviour
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Determinants of uncertainty in wildlife responses to human disturbance
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Flight Initiation Distance and Starting Distance: Biological Effect or Mathematical Artefact?
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Effects of Single‐ and Mixed‐Species Group Composition on the Flight Initiation Distances of Plains and Grevy's Zebras
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Human habituation reduces hyrax flight initiation distance in Serengeti
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Flush early and avoid the rush? It may depend on where you stand
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Sources of distinctness of juvenile plumage in Western Palearctic passerines
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Inter‐specific variation in avian responses to human disturbance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01385.xopenalex-snapshot
Game theory and the evolution of fearfulness in wild birds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01771.xopenalex-snapshot
Behavioural Syndromes in Urban and Rural Populations of Song Sparrows
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2012.02441.xopenalex-snapshot
Brains and bravery: Little evidence of a relationship between brain size and flightiness in shorebirds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2005.00016.xopenalex-snapshot
Effect of human activities on the behaviour of breeding Spanish imperial eagles ( Aquila adalberti ): management implications for the conservation of a threatened species
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12525openalex-snapshot
Are the big and beautiful less bold? Differences in avian fearfulness between the sexes in relation to body size and colour
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1139/z05-114openalex-snapshot
Factors affecting escape behavior of Iberian green frogs (Rana perezi)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1163/156853908784474489openalex-snapshot
To run or to fly: low cost versus low risk escape strategies in blackbirds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003108openalex-snapshot
Species-specific escape behaviour in grasshoppers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10113openalex-snapshot
The effects of habituation on boldness of urban and rural song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10216openalex-snapshot
Opposing effects of vigilance and foraging on escape behaviour in hooded crows
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/17581559251325992openalex-snapshot
Revealing avian behaviour: Human impacts on psittacines (Aves: Psittacidae) during a breeding season in Paraguay’s Cerrado
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064977openalex-snapshot
Direct Look from a Predator Shortens the Risk-Assessment Time by Prey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082008openalex-snapshot
Buses, Cars, Bicycles and Walkers: The Influence of the Type of Human Transport on the Flight Responses of Waterbirds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087944openalex-snapshot
Effects of Vehicle Speed on Flight Initiation by Turkey Vultures: Implications for Bird-Vehicle Collisions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113134openalex-snapshot
Phi Index: A New Metric to Test the Flush Early and Avoid the Rush Hypothesis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2010.02openalex-snapshot
Respostas à estrutura de hábitat e comportamento de forrageamento de tiranídeos no ambiente urbano
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1636/s03-37openalex-snapshot
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESCAPE SPEED AND FLIGHT DISTANCE IN A WOLF SPIDER, HOGNA CAROLINENSIS (WALCKENAER 1805)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1642/auk-16-191.1openalex-snapshot
What makes a tactile forager join mixed-species flocks? A case study with the endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17648/heringeriana.v16i1.917967openalex-snapshot
A adequabilidade ambiental afeta a distância de início do vôo na coruja-buraqueira?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.20350/digitalcsic/8709openalex-snapshot
Urraca – Pica pica Linnaeus, 1758
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.20350/digitalcsic/8790openalex-snapshot
Gorrión común – Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1383:wbrtrb]2.0.co;2openalex-snapshot
Wading Bird Response to Recreational Boat Traffic: Does Flushing Translate into Avoidance?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2193/2005-715openalex-snapshot
Comparing King, Gentoo, and Royal Penguin Responses to Pedestrian Visitation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.24124/2013/bpgub899openalex-snapshot
Responses of mountain goats to heliskiing activity: Movements and resource selection.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.25225/jvb.21066openalex-snapshot
Seasonal differences in escape behaviour in the urban hooded crow, Corvus cornix
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2021.1976858openalex-snapshot
Local variations in the response of birds to human presence in urban areas
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2025.2510458openalex-snapshot
The number of human-simulated predators influences the escape behaviour of bird species in a West African protected area
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3106/041.042.0104openalex-snapshot
Escaping Height in a Tree Represents a Potential Indicator of Fearfulness in Arboreal Squirrels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2025.48.0012openalex-snapshot
From pardal to etxe-txolarrea: An integrative review of the house sparrow Passer domesticus knowledge in the Iberian Peninsula
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00067openalex-snapshot
First to Flush: The Effects of Ambient Noise on Songbird Flight Initiation Distances and Implications for Human Experiences with Nature
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1345971openalex-snapshot
Urban noise slows down the antipredator reaction of Eurasian Magpies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070935openalex-snapshot
Effects of Varied Stimuli on Escape Behavior Diversification of Himalayan Marmots for Different Human Disturbances
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/birds7040061openalex-snapshot
Pigeon Boldness and Escape Tactics as Early Warning Indicators of Urbanization Processes in a High Altitude Neotropical City
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3410/f.734041166.793552205openalex-snapshot
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Adjusting risk-taking to the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5253/078.102.0105openalex-snapshot
Pedestrian Density Influences Flight Distances of Urban Birds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1023openalex-snapshot
Tolerance to Human Presence, a Comparison between Rural and Urban Birds in Southeastern Brazil
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v37i2.395openalex-snapshot
Estrategias de escape de aves en ambientes urbanos
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5751/ace-01007-120115openalex-snapshot
The impact of disturbance from photographers on the Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02445-180122openalex-snapshot
Heightened heart rate but similar flight responses to evolved versus recent predators in an Arctic seabird
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106371openalex-snapshot
Intensive Farming and Welfare Regarding Anti-Predator Behavior of Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.70675/0a6e2803z7006z43b8z8a2dz3f9b1ff65d8copenalex-snapshot
Anti-predator Behavior of Birds and Conservation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.70675/8830b74cz3a03z4ae9zb675z218de78e88d1openalex-snapshot
Comportements anti-prédateurs : sources de variations et conséquences reproductives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.70675/db1ae782zf358z4402zb95bzfb8e164b9f90openalex-snapshot
Impact des stimuli visuels sur la réactivité émotionnelle
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7554/elife.95549openalex-snapshot
Fine-scale tracking reveals visual field use for predator detection and escape in collective foraging of pigeon flocks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7554/elife.95549.3openalex-snapshot
Fine-scale tracking reveals visual field use for predator detection and escape in collective foraging of pigeon flocks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14953openalex-snapshot
The behavior of Broad-tailed hummingbirds is altered by cycles of human activity in a forested area converted into agricultural land
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5093openalex-snapshot
Effect of human recreation on bird anti-predatory response
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.023openalex-snapshot
The impact of human disturbance on birds: a selective review
Editorial review for independent work. ICSAC — the Institute for Complexity
Science and Advanced Computing — runs a structured editorial panel for researchers
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