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Examining How the Great Firewall Discovers Hidden Circumvention Servers

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/11957454_2openalex-snapshot
Ignoring the Great Firewall of China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2010.46openalex-snapshot
Empirical Study of a National-Scale Distributed Intrusion Detection System: Backbone-Level Filtering of HTML Responses in China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195627openalex-snapshot
Extensive analysis and large-scale empirical evaluation of tor bridge discovery
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1655188.1655193openalex-snapshot
On the risks of serving whenever you surf
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2046556.2046569openalex-snapshot
BridgeSPA
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046730openalex-snapshot
Cirripede
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2317307.2317311openalex-snapshot
The collateral damage of internet censorship by DNS injection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2517840.2517856openalex-snapshot
ScrambleSuit
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2015-0005openalex-snapshot
Analyzing the Great Firewall of China Over Space and Time
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2015-0009openalex-snapshot
Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc7323openalex-snapshot
TCP Extensions for High Performance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1305.3199openalex-snapshot
ScrambleSuit: A Polymorph Network Protocol to Circumvent Censorship
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5555/2616448.2616470openalex-snapshot
VPN gate: a volunteer-organized public VPN relay system with blocking resistance for bypassing government censorship firewalls

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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The Internet and Human Rights: Access, Shutdowns, and Surveillance
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When TLS Meets Proxy on Mobile
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DNS-Morph: UDP-Based Bootstrapping Protocol for Tor
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Out in the Open: On the Implementation of Mobile App Filtering in India
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TorBricks: Blocking-Resistant Tor Bridge Distribution
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Legal Internet Access Under Extreme Censorship
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The Efficacy and Real-Time Performance of Refraction Networking
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Real-time identification of three Tor pluggable transports using machine learning techniques
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TrojanProbe: Fingerprinting Trojan tunnel implementations by actively probing crafted HTTP requests
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A Survey and Taxonomy of Internet Censorship Methods
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Network-Based Secret Communication in Clouds: A Survey
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De-Anonymisation Attacks on Tor: A Survey
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A Robust Protocol for Circumventing Censoring Firewalls
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/eurosp60621.2024.00044openalex-snapshot
Metadata Privacy Beyond Tunneling for Instant Messaging
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Can You Hear Me? A First Study of VoIP Censorship Techniques in Saudi Arabia and the UAE
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/latincom67778.2025.11345386openalex-snapshot
Efficacy of Full-Packet Encryption in Mitigating Protocol Detection for Evasive VPNs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/pst.2016.7906961openalex-snapshot
OverTorrent: Anticensorship without centralized servers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2016.59openalex-snapshot
SoK: Towards Grounding Censorship Circumvention in Empiricism
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Augur: Internet-Wide Detection of Connectivity Disruptions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sp40000.2020.00014openalex-snapshot
ICLab: A Global, Longitudinal Internet Censorship Measurement Platform
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833752openalex-snapshot
Security Foundations for Application-Based Covert Communication Channels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179335openalex-snapshot
Telepath: A Minecraft-based Covert Communication System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sp61157.2025.00152openalex-snapshot
A Wall Behind A Wall: Emerging Regional Censorship in China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/spw53761.2021.00059openalex-snapshot
Your Censor is My Censor: Weaponizing Censorship Infrastructure for Availability Attacks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/srds.2018.00011openalex-snapshot
Abusing CDNs for Fun and Profit: Security Issues in CDNs' Origin Validation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2017.2690641openalex-snapshot
Unsupervised Clustering Under Temporal Feature Volatility in Network Stack Fingerprinting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3088333openalex-snapshot
Faulds: A Non-Parametric Iterative Classifier for Internet-Wide OS Fingerprinting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2022.3174003openalex-snapshot
An Anonymity Vulnerability in Tor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3437432openalex-snapshot
Warmonger Attack: A Novel Attack Vector in Serverless Computing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2019.2942598openalex-snapshot
SEnD: A Social Network Friendship Enhanced Decentralized System to Circumvent Censorships
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/2896377.2901449openalex-snapshot
Unsupervised Clustering Under Temporal Feature Volatility in Network Stack Fingerprinting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/2964791.2901449openalex-snapshot
Unsupervised Clustering Under Temporal Feature Volatility in Network Stack Fingerprinting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3081333.3081342openalex-snapshot
Trust but Verify
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3131365.3131374openalex-snapshot
Your state is not mine
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3131365.3131376openalex-snapshot
lib•erate, (n)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3133956.3133963openalex-snapshot
Faulds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3154448.3154450openalex-snapshot
Accessing google scholar under extreme internet censorship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3230543.3230568openalex-snapshot
Incentivizing censorship measurements via circumvention
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3278532.3278555openalex-snapshot
Where The Light Gets In
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3278532.3278565openalex-snapshot
An Empirical Study of the I2P Anonymity Network and its Censorship Resistance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3363189openalex-snapshot
Geneva
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3363218openalex-snapshot
Conjure
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3341302.3342092openalex-snapshot
A large-scale analysis of deployed traffic differentiation practices
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417874openalex-snapshot
Poking a Hole in the Wall: Efficient Censorship-Resistant Internet Communications by Parasitizing on WebRTC
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3379479openalex-snapshot
Characterizing Transnational Internet Performance and the Great Bottleneck of China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405889openalex-snapshot
Come as You Are
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Characterizing Transnational Internet Performance and the Great Bottleneck of China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423644openalex-snapshot
How China Detects and Blocks Shadowsocks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3428662.3428788openalex-snapshot
Towards a Scalable Censorship-Resistant Overlay Network based on WebRTC Covert Channels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3442381.3450076openalex-snapshot
Chinese Wall or Swiss Cheese? Keyword filtering in the Great Firewall of China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484550openalex-snapshot
Meteor: Cryptographically Secure Steganography for Realistic Distributions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485372openalex-snapshot
Warmonger: Inflicting Denial-of-Service via Serverless Functions in the Cloud
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3473604.3474559openalex-snapshot
Even Censors Have a Backup
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3487552.3487858openalex-snapshot
Throttling Twitter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3503954.3503957openalex-snapshot
REDACT
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3603269.3604875openalex-snapshot
Global, Passive Detection of Connection Tampering
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3618117openalex-snapshot
OpenVPN is Open to VPN Fingerprinting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3618257.3624817openalex-snapshot
PTPerf: On the Performance Evaluation of Tor Pluggable Transports
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3629131openalex-snapshot
Amoeba: Circumventing ML-supported Network Censorship via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning
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Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Distributed Infrastructure for the Common Good
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I'm InterPlanetary, Get Me Out of Here!
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Obfuscated Key Exchange
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ENDEMIC: End-to-End Network Disruptions – Examining Middleboxes, Issues, and Countermeasures – A Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790369openalex-snapshot
From Using to Infrastructuring: Grassroots VPN-Building in Iran’s Women–Life–Freedom Movement
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3789240.3830278openalex-snapshot
Poster: One-Prompt Censorship Evasion via Generative Diffusion Models
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Links and clicks: exporting Chinas influence through the web
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Dissecting Tor Bridges: a Security Evaluation of Their Private and Public Infrastructures
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Detecting Probe-resistant Proxies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2024.23394openalex-snapshot
On Precisely Detecting Censorship Circumvention in Real-World Networks
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The Dark Side of the China: The Government, Society and the Great Cannon
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DeltaShaper: Enabling Unobservable Censorship-resistant TCP Tunneling over Videoconferencing Streams
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Rigorous evaluation of performance and policy impacts of transport protocols and in-network devices
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17760/d20382804openalex-snapshot
Understanding and circumventing deployed traffic differentiation practices
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37openalex-snapshot
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Surveillance in the Digital Age
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Detecting TCP/IP Connections via IPID Hash Collisions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2021-0023openalex-snapshot
Too Close for Comfort: Morasses of (Anti-) Censorship in the Era of CDNs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36615/zgmzvd19openalex-snapshot
The Multilateral Integration of Blockchain, Ethical Packet Sniffing and AI for Cybersecurity in BRICS Countries
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The ethics of choosing not to use the Internet
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Detecting Censor Detection
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A Bestiary of Blocking: The Motivations and Modes behind Website Unavailability
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Measuring I2P Censorship at a Global Scale
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Whac-A-Mole: Six Years of DNS Spoofing
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How Great is the Great Firewall? Measuring China's DNS Censorship
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Learning to Behave: Improving Covert Channel Security with Behavior-Based Designs
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Lox: Protecting the Social Graph in Bridge Distribution
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Communication Breakdown: Modularizing Application Tunneling for Signaling Around Censorship
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Climbing China's Great Firewall
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