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Predicting Code Comprehension: A Novel Approach to Align Human Gaze with Code using Deep Neural Networks

https://doi.org/10.1145/3660795
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Measuring the impact of lexical and structural inconsistencies on developers’ cognitive load during bug localization
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Collaborative eye tracking based code review through real-time shared gaze visualization
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Power spectra for ocular drift and tremor
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On understanding laws, evolution, and conservation in the large-program life cycle
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Evaluation of mental workload with a combined measure based on physiological indices during a dual task of tracking and mental arithmetic
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Expertise-dependent visual attention strategies develop over time during debugging with multiple code representations
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Towards a theory of the comprehension of computer programs
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A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension.
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Program comprehension during software maintenance and evolution
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Bidirectional recurrent neural networks
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Code Readability Testing, an Empirical Study
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Synchronized Analysis of Eye Movement and EEG during Program Comprehension
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What Language? - The Choice of an Introductory Programming Language
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Measuring programming experience
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Eye Movements in Code Reading: Relaxing the Linear Order
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Considerations and Pitfalls in Controlled Experiments on Code Comprehension
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc52881.2021.00025openalex-snapshot
From Novice to Expert: Analysis of Token Level Effects in a Longitudinal Eye Tracking Study
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Use of relative code churn measures to predict system defect density
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Program Comprehension and Code Complexity Metrics: An fMRI Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2004.1357820openalex-snapshot
Detection strategies: metrics-based rules for detecting design flaws
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icsme46990.2020.00041openalex-snapshot
Evaluating Code Readability and Legibility: An Examination of Human-centric Studies
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/prdc.2007.28openalex-snapshot
Predicting Defective Software Components from Code Complexity Measures
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.1976.233837openalex-snapshot
A Complexity Measure
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An Empirical Study of Software Metrics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2009.50openalex-snapshot
DECOR: A Method for the Specification and Detection of Code and Design Smells
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Proceedings of the 10th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
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Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Proceedings of the 12th ACM international conference on Ubiquitous computing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2025113.2025156openalex-snapshot
Micro interaction metrics for defect prediction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2568225.2568266openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578218openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2635895openalex-snapshot
An empirical study on program comprehension with reactive programming
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Modeling readability to improve unit tests
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Using (bio)metrics to predict code quality online
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2987491.2987536openalex-snapshot
The Influence of Syntax Highlighting on Scanning and Reading Behaviour for Source Code
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025573openalex-snapshot
Improving Communication Between Pair Programmers Using Shared Gaze Awareness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3448018.3457421openalex-snapshot
Estimation of reading ability of program codes using features of eye movements
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3448018.3457424openalex-snapshot
Determining Differences in Reading Behavior Between Experts and Novices by Investigating Eye Movement on Source Code Constructs During a Bug Fixing Task
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549084openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588410openalex-snapshot
SP-EyeGAN: Generating Synthetic Eye Movement Data with Generative Adversarial Networks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3610177openalex-snapshot
Can Synchronous Code Editing and Awareness Tools Support Remote Tutoring? Effects on Learning and Teaching
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3626522openalex-snapshot
40 Years of Designing Code Comprehension Experiments: A Systematic Mapping Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/985921openalex-snapshot
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735openalex-snapshot
Long Short-Term Memory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871143openalex-snapshot
Watching Nature Videos Promotes Physiological Restoration: Evidence From the Modulation of Alpha Waves in Electroencephalography
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-011-0219-2openalex-snapshot
Parafoveal processing in reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.08155openalex-snapshot
CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained Model for Programming and Natural Languages
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.08366openalex-snapshot
GraphCodeBERT: Pre-training Code Representations with Data Flow

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101327openalex-snapshot
A novel framework for evaluating developers’ code comprehension proficiency through technical and non-technical skills
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112825openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ase63991.2025.00333openalex-snapshot
CodeACT-R: A Cognitive Simulation Framework for Human Attention in Code Reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/issre66568.2025.00058openalex-snapshot
No Vibe Without Comprehension: Measuring Code Understanding in Modern Coding Workflows Using Neurophysiological Signals
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1142/s0129183125420239openalex-snapshot
Automated token-level AOIs using OCR for predicting novice programmers’ visual attention
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3725840openalex-snapshot
OASST-ETC Dataset: Alignment Signals from Eye-tracking Analysis of LLM Responses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3744916.3773132openalex-snapshot
An Eye for AI: Eye-Tracking the Micro-Interruptions of GenAI Code Suggestions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3774748.3787673openalex-snapshot
Tailoring Software Engineering Generative AI Agents to Company Standards and Developers’ Preferences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3832783.3834425openalex-snapshot
On the Reliability of Code Comprehension Proxies
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