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A Survey of Text Watermarking in the Era of Large Language Models

https://doi.org/10.1145/3691626
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/aaai.12188openalex-snapshot
Combating misinformation in the age of LLMs: Opportunities and challenges
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/sec.1738openalex-snapshot
Concise analysis of current text automation and watermarking approaches
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45496-9_14openalex-snapshot
Natural Language Watermarking: Design, Analysis, and a Proof-of-Concept Implementation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54144-5_153openalex-snapshot
Academic Integrity and Artificial Intelligence: An Overview
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-079-7_153-1openalex-snapshot
Academic Integrity and Artificial Intelligence: An Overview
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.040openalex-snapshot
Copyright for web content using invisible text watermarking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2008.04.001openalex-snapshot
Natural language watermarking via morphosyntactic alterations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100211openalex-snapshot
A survey on large language model (LLM) security and privacy: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.12.023openalex-snapshot
UniSpaCh: A text-based data hiding method using Unicode space characters
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02448-8openalex-snapshot
Large language models in medicine
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/49.464718openalex-snapshot
Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2796585openalex-snapshot
A Review of Text Watermarking: Theory, Methods, and Applications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3376693openalex-snapshot
DeepTextMark: A Deep Learning-Driven Text Watermarking Approach for Identifying Large Language Model Generated Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10651296openalex-snapshot
Adaptive Ensembles of Fine-Tuned Transformers for LLM-Generated Text Detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/satml64287.2025.00012openalex-snapshot
MARKMyWORDS: Analyzing and Evaluating Language Model Watermarks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/sp40001.2021.00083openalex-snapshot
Adversarial Watermarking Transformer: Towards Tracing Text Provenance with Data Hiding
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833641openalex-snapshot
Bad Characters: Imperceptible NLP Attacks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1161366.1161397openalex-snapshot
The hiding virtues of ambiguity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1178766.1178777openalex-snapshot
Words are not enough
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2938503.2938510openalex-snapshot
Content-preserving Text Watermarking through Unicode Homoglyph Substitution
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3078971.3078974openalex-snapshot
Embedding Watermarks into Deep Neural Networks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3470088openalex-snapshot
DISSIMILAR: Towards fake news detection using information hiding, signal processing and machine learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3512225openalex-snapshot
CoProtector: Protect Open-Source Code against Unauthorized Training Usage with Data Poisoning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519665openalex-snapshot
Expectation vs. Experience: Evaluating the Usability of Code Generation Tools Powered by Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3520312.3534862openalex-snapshot
A systematic evaluation of large language models of code
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581318openalex-snapshot
Synthetic Lies: Understanding AI-Generated Misinformation and Evaluating Algorithmic and Human Solutions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3606274.3606279openalex-snapshot
Did You Train on My Dataset? Towards Public Dataset Protection with CleanLabel Backdoor Watermarking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616297openalex-snapshot
CodeMark: Imperceptible Watermarking for Code Datasets against Neural Code Completion Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3626772.3661377openalex-snapshot
Preventing and Detecting Misinformation Generated by Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/503124.503156openalex-snapshot
The homograph attack
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5325040openalex-snapshot
A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00632openalex-snapshot
Benchmarking Large Language Models for News Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.703openalex-snapshot
BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.229openalex-snapshot
TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-demos.38openalex-snapshot
Paraphrastic Representations at Scale
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.225openalex-snapshot
Red Teaming Language Models with Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.findings-aclopenalex-snapshot
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.27openalex-snapshot
Language Models that Seek for Knowledge: Modular Search & Generation for Dialogue and Prompt Completion
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.in2writing-1.7openalex-snapshot
Text Revision by On-the-Fly Representation Optimization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-longopenalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.423openalex-snapshot
Are You Copying My Model? Protecting the Copyright of Large Language Models for EaaS via Backdoor Watermark
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.sigdial-1.21openalex-snapshot
Are Large Language Models All You Need for Task-Oriented Dialogue?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.226openalex-snapshot
Can Watermarks Survive Translation? On the Cross-lingual Consistency of Text Watermark for Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.464openalex-snapshot
Bypassing LLM Watermarks with Color-Aware Substitutions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.630openalex-snapshot
An Entropy-based Text Watermarking Detection Method
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.83openalex-snapshot
WaterBench: Towards Holistic Evaluation of Watermarks for Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-demo.7openalex-snapshot
MarkLLM: An Open-Source Toolkit for LLM Watermarking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.98openalex-snapshot
k-SemStamp: A Clustering-Based Semantic Watermark for Detection of Machine-Generated Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.541openalex-snapshot
CodeIP: A Grammar-Guided Multi-Bit Watermark for Large Language Models of Code
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-naaclopenalex-snapshot
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-naacl.223openalex-snapshot
WaterJudge: Quality-Detection Trade-off when Watermarking Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-naacl.37openalex-snapshot
Lost in Overlap: Exploring Logit-based Watermark Collision in LLMs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1045openalex-snapshot
Understanding Back-Translation at Scale
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1410openalex-snapshot
Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1147openalex-snapshot
TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1346openalex-snapshot
ELI5: Long Form Question Answering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020110openalex-snapshot
Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A Review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.esem.2026.34openalex-snapshot
A Direction-Aware Study of LLM-Based Code Translation Across Eight Programming Languages
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4230/oasics.slate.2022.19openalex-snapshot
Analysing Off-The-Shelf Options for Question Answering with Portuguese FAQs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.11175openalex-snapshot
Universal Sentence Encoder
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.06823openalex-snapshot
Incorporating BERT into Neural Machine Translation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.08557openalex-snapshot
Unsupervised Text Generation by Learning from Search
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2201.08239openalex-snapshot
LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2203.17090openalex-snapshot
PanGu-Bot: Efficient Generative Dialogue Pre-training from Pre-trained Language Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2207.04672openalex-snapshot
No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.09210openalex-snapshot
How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.13971openalex-snapshot
LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.12712openalex-snapshot
Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2305.08883openalex-snapshot
Watermarking Text Generated by Black-Box Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2305.15060openalex-snapshot
Who Wrote this Code? Watermarking for Code Generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2305.18226openalex-snapshot
HowkGPT: Investigating the Detection of ChatGPT-generated University Student Homework through Context-Aware Perplexity Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2307.15593openalex-snapshot
Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2309.10544openalex-snapshot
Model Leeching: An Extraction Attack Targeting LLMs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.07710openalex-snapshot
A Resilient and Accessible Distribution-Preserving Watermark for Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.08920openalex-snapshot
Embarrassingly Simple Text Watermarks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.12362openalex-snapshot
REMARK-LLM: A Robust and Efficient Watermarking Framework for Generative Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.17295openalex-snapshot
Optimizing watermarks for large language models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2402.12617openalex-snapshot
Generative AI Security: Challenges and Countermeasures
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2402.14007openalex-snapshot
Can Watermarks Survive Translation? On the Cross-lingual Consistency of Text Watermark for Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2402.19361openalex-snapshot
Watermark Stealing in Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.04808openalex-snapshot
WaterMax: breaking the LLM watermark detectability-robustness-quality trade-off
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.05842openalex-snapshot
TokenMark: A Modality-Agnostic Watermark for Pre-trained Transformers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.10553openalex-snapshot
Learning to Watermark LLM-generated Text via Reinforcement Learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2405.19677openalex-snapshot
Large Language Model Watermark Stealing With Mixed Integer Programming
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.02603openalex-snapshot
Distortion-free Watermarks are not Truly Distortion-free under Watermark Key Collisions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.04411openalex-snapshot
Waterfall: Framework for Robust and Scalable Text Watermarking and Provenance for LLMs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2021921298openalex-snapshot
Review of the Literature on the Steganography Concept
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.52202/068431-0392openalex-snapshot
CATER: Intellectual Property Protection on Text Generation APIs Via Conditional Watermarks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.52202/075280-1195openalex-snapshot
Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.52202/079017-0664openalex-snapshot
Watermarking Makes Language Models Radioactive
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.53761/1.20.02.07openalex-snapshot
Academic Integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.62056/ahmpdkp10openalex-snapshot
Publicly-Detectable Watermarking for Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7287.001.0001openalex-snapshot
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What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4774832openalex-extracted
A Sentence-Semantic-Based Watermark for Large Language Models Against Paraphrasing Attacks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-26031-4_2openalex-snapshot
Copyright on the Internet in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Technical Methods, Information Retrieval, and Blockchain for Enhanced Protection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-3429-5_16openalex-snapshot
GhostMarking: Embedding Invisible Textual Marks in VLM via Adversarial Trigger Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7081-2_6openalex-snapshot
ColorFP: Improving AI-Generated Text Detection via Fixed Vocabulary Partitioning and Half-Bit Fingerprinting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-7071-0_26openalex-snapshot
Cryptographic Authentication for Private RAG-Enabled LLMs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.104919openalex-snapshot
BioGuard: Malicious sample free defense method for biometric classifiers against model extraction attacks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2025.105728openalex-snapshot
Artificial intelligence content detection techniques using watermarking: A survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2025.104211openalex-snapshot
Reversible natural language watermarking with augmented word prediction and compression
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109562openalex-snapshot
The adversarial game between detection and evasion: A survey of anti-detection techniques for machine-generated texts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2025.6openalex-snapshot
Detection avoidance techniques for large language models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35203-3openalex-snapshot
Efficient detection of AI-generated scientific abstracts with a lightweight transformer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02324-4openalex-snapshot
An autonomous agentic workflow for clinical detection of cognitive concerns using large language models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.23.619960openalex-snapshot
FoldMark: Safeguarding Protein Structure Generative Models with Distributional and Evolutionary Watermarking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538805openalex-snapshot
A Comprehensive Survey of Fake Text Detection on Misinformation and LM-Generated Texts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3594727openalex-snapshot
Character-Level Adversarial Samples Generation Method Based on Dual-Layer Text Watermark
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653833openalex-snapshot
Adaptive Robust Watermarking for Large Language Models via Dynamic Token Embedding Perturbation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661394openalex-snapshot
Asymmetric Watermarking for Large Language Models With Public and Private Verification
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/airc64931.2025.11077549openalex-snapshot
AI, Privacy, and Data Leakage: A Study of Current DLP Shortcomings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/csee64583.2025.00022openalex-snapshot
Research on the Application of Digital Watermarking in Content Models Generated by Artificial Intelligence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/dsc67331.2025.00057openalex-snapshot
Graph Neural Network-Enhanced Semantic Invariant Robust Watermarking for Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889741openalex-snapshot
Watermarking Datasets for LLM Fine-tuning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp55912.2026.11460960openalex-snapshot
Watermark Self-Repair Model: Robust Multimodal Watermark Generation via Anomaly-Aware Mask Restoration
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp55912.2026.11462181openalex-snapshot
SSRDWater: A Robust and Secure Watermarking of Large Language Models via Sentence-Level Semantic Relational Dependencies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650035openalex-snapshot
A Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis of AI-Generated Text Detection in Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw63273.2025.00065openalex-snapshot
WaterLLMarks: In-data User Tracing for Distributed LLMaaS Environments
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdmw69685.2025.00373openalex-snapshot
Signature Vs. Substance: Evaluating the Balance of Adversarial Resistance and Linguistic Quality in Watermarking Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icecet63943.2025.11471976openalex-snapshot
Text Watermarking in Latent Space: A Robust Approach Using Variational Autoencoders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/iciice69672.2026.11565093openalex-snapshot
Autonomous AI Agents for Self-Healing Cloud Infrastructure: A Survey with Critical Evaluation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icnlp69856.2026.11527712openalex-snapshot
Discourse-Level Watermarking using Rhetorical Structure Theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/isit63088.2025.11195457openalex-snapshot
Optimized Couplings for Watermarking Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/mlbdbi67855.2025.11331454openalex-snapshot
MAF-Detect: A Multi-Scale Adaptive Fusion Framework for Zero-Shot Detection of LLM-Generated Text
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/nnice68970.2026.11465813openalex-snapshot
SMTW: Semantics-Based Robust Multi-bit Text Watermarking for Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3649704openalex-snapshot
METS: Metadata-Embedded Steganography for Digital Rights Tracking in LLM-Generated Text
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon63549.2026.11476366openalex-snapshot
MIA: A Unified Metadata Integrity and Authorization Framework for Trusted Web, Asset, and AI Processing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sp61157.2025.00178openalex-snapshot
SoK: Watermarking for AI-Generated Content
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/sse72781.2026.00034openalex-snapshot
A Privacy-Preserving Copyright Protection System for Large Vision-Language Models Combining Blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proofs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3605117openalex-snapshot
Watermarking Language Models Through Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3570858openalex-snapshot
LOCAT: Localization-Driven Text Watermarking via Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00109openalex-snapshot
Robustness Assessment and Enhancement of Text Watermarking for Google’s SynthID
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00374openalex-snapshot
AdaptiveWatermark: Dynamic Watermarking for Large Language Models with Agent
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00380openalex-snapshot
Incentive-Compatible Pricing for Truthful Data Sharing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3658948openalex-snapshot
Visibility into AI Agents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3703626openalex-snapshot
Security and Privacy on Generative Data in AIGC: A Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3709018.3736332openalex-snapshot
An LLM Framework For Cryptography Over Chat Channels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3736573openalex-snapshot
A Survey on Model Extraction Attacks and Defenses for Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3746027.3755548openalex-snapshot
Protecting Copyright of Medical Pre-trained Language Models: Training-Free Backdoor Model Watermarking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3770855.3818903openalex-snapshot
SimuGov: A Simulation Optimization Framework for Generative AI Governance Strategy Design
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3773028openalex-snapshot
Securing Large Language Models: A Survey of Watermarking and Fingerprinting Techniques
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3774949.3774970openalex-snapshot
Bi-mark: A copyright marking framework for AI-generative-text
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3788149.3788169openalex-snapshot
An Enhanced END-Based Watermarking System with Adaptive Strength and Attention for Robustness and Imperceptibility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3797076openalex-snapshot
DuCodeMark: Dual-Purpose Code Dataset Watermarking via Style-Aware Watermark-Poison Design
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3814210.3814215openalex-snapshot
WatermarkGuard: Token Distribution Watermarking with Semantic Protection and Robustness Verification for LLM Intellectual Property Protection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3817008openalex-snapshot
Sword and Shield: Uses and Strategies of LLMs in Navigating Disinformation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00549openalex-snapshot
A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1360/ssi-2025-0022openalex-snapshot
InSty: a robust multi-level cross-granularity fingerprint embedding algorithm for multi-turn dialogue in large language models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1360/ssi-2025-0255openalex-snapshot
From compile to decompile: efficient watermark removal via source-to-source transformations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1515/ijdlg-2026-0010openalex-snapshot
Governing AI-Generated Content: Labelling, Traceability and Transparency Infrastructure in China and the EU AI Act
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5309665openalex-snapshot
A General Method for Detecting Information Generated by Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6730639openalex-snapshot
We Should Move from "Was This AI-Generated?" to "Was AI Used Appropriately?"
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2025.37.4.mwsf-298openalex-snapshot
Natural Language Watermarking with ChatGPT
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/app151910457openalex-snapshot
Watermarking Fine-Tuning Datasets for Robust Provenance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/math13091420openalex-snapshot
Watermarking for Large Language Models: A Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071124openalex-snapshot
A Contrastive Semantic Watermarking Framework for Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/systems13100902openalex-snapshot
Integrated Subject–Action–Object and Bayesian Models of Intelligent Word Semantic Similarity Measures
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