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LLMs in Software Security: A Survey of Vulnerability Detection Techniques and Insights

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Computer Security – ESORICS 2023
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Assessing the Effectiveness of LLMs in Android Application Vulnerability Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92882-6_12openalex-snapshot
LSAST: Enhancing Cybersecurity Through LLM-Supported Static Application Security Testing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-08046-yopenalex-snapshot
The application of neural network for software vulnerability detection: a review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09793-2openalex-snapshot
Systematic review of adaptive learning research designs, context, strategies, and technologies from 2009 to 2018
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-024-40231-1openalex-snapshot
A survey on large language model based autonomous agents
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103971openalex-snapshot
Detecting command injection vulnerabilities in Linux-based embedded firmware with LLM-based taint analysis of library functions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.126479openalex-snapshot
SmartGuard: An LLM-enhanced framework for smart contract vulnerability detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100211openalex-snapshot
A survey on large language model (LLM) security and privacy: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.112031openalex-snapshot
GRACE: Empowering LLM-based software vulnerability detection with graph structure and in-context learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlwa.2024.100598openalex-snapshot
Vulnerability detection using BERT based LLM model with transparency obligation practice towards trustworthy AI
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546700openalex-snapshot
Finetuning Large Language Models for Vulnerability Detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ase.1997.632817openalex-snapshot
Proceedings 12th IEEE International Conference Automated Software Engineering
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2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seip52600.2021.00020openalex-snapshot
D2A: A Dataset Built for AI-Based Vulnerability Detection Methods Using Differential Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icse19354.2012openalex-snapshot
2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/infocomwkshps61880.2024.10620804openalex-snapshot
LLM-CloudSec: Large Language Model Empowered Automatic and Deep Vulnerability Analysis for Intelligent Clouds
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2023.3246667openalex-snapshot
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.111openalex-snapshot
Static analysis for security
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00076openalex-snapshot
VCMatch: A Ranking-based Approach for Automatic Security Patches Localization for OSS Vulnerabilities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/secdev.2016.043openalex-snapshot
Continuous Fuzzing with libFuzzer and AddressSanitizer
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3237370openalex-snapshot
Rethinking Smart Contract Fuzzing: Fuzzing With Invocation Ordering and Important Branch Revisiting
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3352100openalex-snapshot
Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tps-isa58951.2023.00044openalex-snapshot
Large Language Model-Powered Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection: New Perspectives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3470333openalex-snapshot
Multitask-Based Evaluation of Open-Source LLM on Software Vulnerability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1390156openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning - ICML '08
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2593850openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Industrial Practices
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2901739openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2972958openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the The 12th International Conference on Predictive Models and Data Analytics in Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3324884openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3424954openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the European Interdisciplinary Cybersecurity Conference
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3460319openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3460945openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on Machine Programming
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3545948openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3558489openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Predictive Models and Data Analytics in Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3597926openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3635711openalex-snapshot
Representation Learning for Stack Overflow Posts: How Far Are We?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3639476openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE 44th International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3650212openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3664646openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on AI-Powered Software
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3687251.3687253openalex-snapshot
Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection: The Role of Large Language Model (LLM)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3735452openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlpopenalex-snapshot
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.211openalex-snapshot
Unified Pre-training for Program Understanding and Generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.472openalex-snapshot
RealVul: Can We Detect Vulnerabilities in Web Applications with LLM?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/981623openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 27th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics -
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13020030openalex-snapshot
From Vulnerability to Defense: The Role of Large Language Models in Enhancing Cybersecurity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/math12091286openalex-snapshot
VTT-LLM: Advancing Vulnerability-to-Tactic-and-Technique Mapping through Fine-Tuning of Large Language Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.37745/ejcsit/vol10.no1.pp23-37openalex-snapshot
A systematic literature review of software vulnerability detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4236/jis.2025.161010openalex-snapshot
Information Security, Ethics, and Integrity in LLM Agent Interaction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.11401openalex-snapshot
Affordance-Compiled Intelligence: Observable-Only Cognitive Impedance Matching for No-Meta LLM-Integrated Systems

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Vulnerability Detection: From Formal Verification to Large Language Models and Hybrid Approaches: A Comprehensive Overview
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System for Automatic Bug Detection in Code and Programs Using LLMs and AI Agents
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Exploring BERT for Vulnerable Source Code Detection in Internet of Things Systems
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Performance Analysis of Lightweight Transformer Models for Healthcare Application Privacy Threat Detection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-20732-6_2openalex-snapshot
Beyond Detection: Evaluating LLMs’ Semantic Understanding of Code Vulnerabilities
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A Modular DevSecOps Framework for Vulnerability Detection, Risk Scoring, and LLM-Augmented Remediation in CI/CD Environments
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Data-Driven Innovation in Cybersecurity for E-Business Information Systems: A Case Study on CVE Report Generation via LLM
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Is This Mission Possible? A Study on Developer Challenges in Using Generative AI for Secure Software Development in Industry
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MCTS-VUL: Self-training Large Language Models via Monte Carlo Tree Search for Vulnerability Detection
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Multi-domain CPS Vulnerability Detection via CWE-Specific Transformer Ensembles: A Cross-Attention Approach for IoT, Industrial, and Vehicular Systems
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Securing Metaverse Blockchain Infrastructure: LLM-Assisted Vulnerability Detection on Solana and Algorand Smart Contracts
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TriVul: Improving Precision of Static Vulnerability Detection through Multi-agent Reasoning
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SCTS: Self-Critique Tree Search for Out-of-Distribution Vulnerability Detection
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Sparse-MoE: Syntax-Aware Multi-view Mixture of Experts for Long-Sequence Software Vulnerability Detection
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HSF-Vul: hierarchical semantic fusion for vulnerability detection
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Autosecagent: a semi-automated AI-driven penetration testing framework through recursive memory and real-time RAG
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LPASS: Linear Probes as Stepping Stones for vulnerability detection using compressed LLMs
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Vuln2Action: An LLM-based framework for generating vulnerability reproduction steps and mapping exploits
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Improving MPI error detection and repair with large language models and bug references
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ReVul-CoT: Towards effective software vulnerability assessment with retrieval-augmented generation and chain-of-thought prompting
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On the Resilience of Traditional AI Algorithms Toward Poisoning Attacks for Vulnerability Detection
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Transformation of Vulnerability Management Through Artificial Intelligence: An Overview of Generative and Learning Models
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Benchmarking Prompt Engineering Against Fine-Tuning for Multi-Label Vulnerability Detection in Solidity Smart Contracts: An Empirical Study
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Reducing Hallucinated False Positives in LLM-Based Vulnerability Detection via Multi-Signal Focused Verification
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Comparison of Large Language Models for Software Anti-Patterns Detection
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C/C++ Code Security Auditing Agent Based on Hybrid Multi-Strategy Retrieval Enhancement
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CPEMatch: A Controlled Benchmark for LLM Reasoning Over CPE/purl Vulnerability-Identifier Applicability
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A Survey on the Role of LLMs in AI-Based Software Development: Augmentation and Latent Risks
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Code Representation for AI-Driven Vulnerability Detection Oriented to Semantic Preservation and Model Adaptation
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Program Characteristic Card-Guided Seed Generation for Large Language Model-Assisted Fuzzing
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CyberFuse-CI: Adversarially Resilient Vulnerability Detection Through Heterogeneous Multi-Source Data Fusion and LLM-Augmented Reasoning
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LLM-Driven Taint Analysis for Detecting Bad Partitioning Issues in Trusted Applications
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Image-Based Domain Adaptive Vulnerability Detection via Graph Centrality Representation
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SemantiGuard: Intent-Aware Malicious Code Detection for IoT Agent Systems
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A Systematic Literature Review on Detecting Software Vulnerabilities with Large Language Models
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ACF: Infrastructure for Debugging Long-Running Systems with Tracing and Unit Test Execution
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Secrets Unlocked: Evaluating LLMs for Secrets Detection in Android Apps
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Top-Down Multi-agent LLM System with Runtime Data for MISRA C Violation Detection
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H-LLM-IM: An Adaptive Imbalance-Aware Hybrid Framework Using LLM-Based Code Embeddings for Software Vulnerability Detection
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