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A Comprehensive Survey on Legal Summarization: Challenges and Future Directions

https://doi.org/10.1145/3776586
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3449openalex-snapshot
A systematic literature review of Linked Data‐based recommender systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0085-5_27openalex-snapshot
Implementation of Legal Documents Text Summarization and Classification by Applying Neural Network Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-017-9566-2openalex-snapshot
Text summarization from legal documents: a survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-018-9238-9openalex-snapshot
Deep learning in law: early adaptation and legal word embeddings trained on large corpora
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-020-09262-4openalex-snapshot
Encoded summarization: summarizing documents into continuous vector space for legal case retrieval
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-021-09305-4openalex-snapshot
Improving abstractive summarization of legal rulings through textual entailment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09345-yopenalex-snapshot
A sentence is known by the company it keeps: Improving Legal Document Summarization Using Deep Clustering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09349-8openalex-snapshot
Ensemble methods for improving extractive summarization of legal case judgements
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09373-8openalex-snapshot
Multi-language transfer learning for low-resource legal case summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-020-01093-8openalex-snapshot
Legal public opinion news abstractive summarization by incorporating topic information
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-01983-yopenalex-snapshot
A Comprehensive Analysis of Indian Legal Documents Summarization Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105863openalex-snapshot
Improving colloquial case legal judgment prediction via abstractive text summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106066openalex-snapshot
Generative AI in EU law: Liability, privacy, intellectual property, and cybersecurity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100388openalex-snapshot
Summarization of legal documents: Where are we now and the way forward
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103796openalex-snapshot
Low-resource court judgment summarization for common law systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.11.015openalex-snapshot
Effective deep learning approaches for summarization of legal texts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110336openalex-snapshot
Bayesian Optimization based Score Fusion of Linguistic Approaches for Improving Legal Document Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.07.013openalex-snapshot
Element graph-augmented abstractive summarization for legal public opinion news with graph transformer
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324922000122openalex-snapshot
Gender bias in legal corpora and debiasing it
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/laae003openalex-snapshot
Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2881682openalex-snapshot
An Ontology Driven Knowledge Block Summarization Approach for Chinese Judgment Document Classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3190408openalex-snapshot
On the Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Language Models for Legal Natural Language Processing: An Empirical Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/conit61985.2024.10627025openalex-snapshot
Topic-Driven Contractual Language Understanding and Summarization: An Integrated Approach for Simplifying Legal Documents
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/i2ct61223.2024.10544203openalex-snapshot
Comparative Analysis of Legal Outcome Prediction with Detailed and Summarized Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/la-cci54402.2022.9981852openalex-snapshot
Classification of Legal Documents in Portuguese Language Based on Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ocit56763.2022.00056openalex-snapshot
Abstractive Summarization of Indian Legal Judgments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12413openalex-snapshot
Hallucination‐Free? Assessing the Reliability of Leading AI Legal Research Tools
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386openalex-snapshot
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3299819.3299844openalex-snapshot
Multi-Task Deep Learning for Legal Document Translation, Summarization and Multi-Label Classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326728openalex-snapshot
Automatic Summarization of Legal Decisions using Iterative Masking of Predictive Sentences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3357940openalex-snapshot
Legal Summarization for Multi-role Debate Dialogue via Controversy Focus Mining and Multi-task Learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3441501.3441502openalex-snapshot
Fine-Tuning Textrank for Legal Document Summarization: A Bayesian Optimization Based Approach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3442381.3450048openalex-snapshot
Privacy Policies over Time: Curation and Analysis of a Million-Document Dataset
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466092openalex-snapshot
Incorporating domain knowledge for extractive summarization of legal case documents
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466098openalex-snapshot
Toward summarizing case decisions via extracting argument issues, reasons, and conclusions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3531872openalex-snapshot
Summarizing Legal Regulatory Documents using Transformers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3594536.3595120openalex-snapshot
Keyword-based Augmentation Method to Enhance Abstractive Summarization for Legal Documents
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3594536.3595150openalex-snapshot
On evaluating legal summaries with ROUGE
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3594536.3595165openalex-snapshot
Pre-trained Language Models for the Legal Domain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3594536.3595177openalex-snapshot
Legal Holding Extraction from Italian Case Documents using Italian-LEGAL-BERT Text Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3626772.3657859openalex-snapshot
CivilSum: A Dataset for Abstractive Summarization of Indian Court Decisions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3635059.3635090openalex-snapshot
A privacy policies dataset in Greek in the GDPR era
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3734947.3734958openalex-snapshot
Evaluating Relation Hallucination in Text Summarization: An Introduction to the Relation Hallucination Index
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/582415.582418openalex-snapshot
Cumulated gain-based evaluation of IR techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00094openalex-snapshot
Overview of SMP-CAIL2020-Argmine: The Interactive Argument-Pair Extraction in Judgement Document Challenge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735openalex-snapshot
Long Short-Term Memory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00373openalex-snapshot
SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00453openalex-snapshot
SummaC : Re-Visiting NLI-based Models for Inconsistency Detection in Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.203openalex-snapshot
Reducing Quantity Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.261openalex-snapshot
LEGAL-BERT: The Muppets straight out of Law School
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-srw.7openalex-snapshot
Long Document Summarization in a Low Resource Setting using Pretrained Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.519openalex-snapshot
EUR-Lex-Sum: A Multi- and Cross-lingual Dataset for Long-form Summarization in the Legal Domain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.nllp-1.7openalex-snapshot
Abstractive Summarization of Dutch Court Verdicts Using Sequence-to-sequence Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.nllp-1.9openalex-snapshot
Towards Cross-Domain Transferability of Text Generation Models for Legal Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-industry.7openalex-snapshot
CDD: A Large Scale Dataset for Legal Intelligence Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.321openalex-snapshot
MILDSum: A Novel Benchmark Dataset for Multilingual Summarization of Indian Legal Case Judgments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.481openalex-snapshot
Towards Argument-Aware Abstractive Summarization of Long Legal Opinions with Summary Reranking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.805openalex-snapshot
MultiLegalPile: A 689GB Multilingual Legal Corpus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.loresmt-1.6openalex-snapshot
Low-Resource Cross-Lingual Summarization through Few-Shot Learning with Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5406openalex-snapshot
BillSum: A Corpus for Automatic Summarization of US Legislation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.24432/c5zs41openalex-snapshot
Legal Case Reports
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073135openalex-snapshot
BLEU
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200862openalex-snapshot
Using Argument Mining for Legal Text Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230977openalex-snapshot
A Question-Answering Approach to Evaluating Legal Summaries
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-163209openalex-snapshot
Hybrid recommender systems: A systematic literature review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030648openalex-snapshot
A Survey on Challenges and Advances in Natural Language Processing with a Focus on Legal Informatics and Low-Resource Languages
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040250openalex-snapshot
Evaluation of Automatic Legal Text Summarization Techniques for Greek Case Law
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/math11061320openalex-snapshot
A High-Precision Two-Stage Legal Judgment Summarization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.52202/068431-0956openalex-snapshot
Multi-LexSum: Real-World Summaries of Civil Rights Lawsuits at Multiple Granularities

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-026-08248-4openalex-snapshot
SENDE: extractive summarization of legal documents by sentence noising-reconstruction and dilated-gated convolutional networks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13614576.2025.2598233openalex-snapshot
Automatic Text Summarization Review: Techniques, Applications, Trends, and Future Directions Through Systematic and Bibliometric Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/assic70037.2026.11717122openalex-snapshot
A Research Proposal on Abstractive Legal Document Summarization Using Generative Augmentation and Large Language Models with Faithfulness and Usability Assessment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/bigdataservice70481.2026.00012openalex-snapshot
LLM-ReSum: A Framework for LLM Reflective Summarization Through Self-Evaluation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/cicn70047.2026.11594293openalex-snapshot
LegalVision: A Knowledge-Driven AI Framework for Legal Understanding and Trust Assessment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icctwc68241.2026.11583491openalex-snapshot
HiLegalSum: Hybrid Extractive Summarization of Long Legal Texts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/iciss67859.2026.11454116openalex-snapshot
An Integrated Transformer-Based Framework for Multilingual Summarization and Automated Question Generation in Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icndsa68777.2026.11652345openalex-snapshot
From Manual Review to Machine Intelligence: A Legal Contract Analysis Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icsft66733.2026.11507990openalex-snapshot
LegalAI: Automated Legal Document Analysis Platform
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/seeda-cecnsm68644.2025.11329594openalex-snapshot
A Review of Automatic Text Summarization: The Case of Greek Legal Documents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10925119/v1openalex-snapshot
AIL: Integrating LLM Capacity Awareness, Legal Intuition, and Lexis Understanding into Legal Information Extraction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2026.1787315openalex-snapshot
Legal document summarization: a short review
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