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Crowding and eccentricity determine reading rate
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
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Contrast Sensitivity for Letter and Grating Targets under Various Stimulus Conditions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-9235.1995.tb03835.xopenalex-snapshot
Reading and Eye Movements in Age-Related Maculopathy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-9235.1996.tb04516.xopenalex-snapshot
The Role of Context in Reading with Central Field Loss
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-9235.1999.tb05555.xopenalex-snapshot
Are the Benefits of Sentence Context Different in Central and Peripheral Vision?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2076-1openalex-snapshot
Data Fusion for Sensory Information Processing Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00236818openalex-snapshot
Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical magnification factor
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0032-zopenalex-snapshot
Saccadic search performance: the effect of element spacing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(62)94878-xopenalex-snapshot
A Study of Separation Difficulty
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(73)90041-2openalex-snapshot
Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90117-8openalex-snapshot
Psychophysics of reading—I. Normal vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90207-xopenalex-snapshot
Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(88)90137-xopenalex-snapshot
Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(92)90032-eopenalex-snapshot
Reading without saccadic eye movements
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(92)90227-aopenalex-snapshot
The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(96)00022-3openalex-snapshot
A Comparison of Word Recognition and Reading Performance in Foveal and Peripheral Vision * *Presented in part at the British College of Optometrists Centenary Conference, Cambridge, U.K., April 1995, and at the meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale,…
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934x(81)90073-0openalex-snapshot
Asymmetries in the perceptual span for Israeli readers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.54008-2openalex-snapshot
Eye Movements in Reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-583680-7.50017-5openalex-snapshot
Context, Form, and Interaction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-657675-7.50016-8openalex-snapshot
THE PERCEPTION OF FORM
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2003.09.028openalex-snapshot
Letter-recognition and reading speed in peripheral vision benefit from perceptual learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2006.04.023openalex-snapshot
Feature detection and letter identification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2006.09.014openalex-snapshot
Acuity, crowding, reading and fixation stability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80148-8openalex-snapshot
A set of thirty-six prose passages calibrated for complexity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00270-4openalex-snapshot
Measurement and modeling of center-surround suppression and enhancement
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00295-9openalex-snapshot
Psychophysics of reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00175-4openalex-snapshot
Flanker effects in peripheral contrast discrimination—psychophysics and modeling
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00017-5openalex-snapshot
Psychophysics of reading—XVI. The visual span in normal and low vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00051-5openalex-snapshot
Simulated cataract does not reduce the benefit of RSVP
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00252-6openalex-snapshot
The zone of focal attention during active visual search
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00379-9openalex-snapshot
The effects of surround contrast on contrast thresholds, perceived contrast and contrast discrimination
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00072-8openalex-snapshot
Psychophysics of reading. XVIII. The effect of print size on reading speed in normal peripheral vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03000104openalex-snapshot
The E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.104.3.524openalex-snapshot
Mr. Chips: An ideal-observer model of reading.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.7.1.167openalex-snapshot
Masking of foveal and parafoveal vision during eye fixations in reading.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.20.1.92openalex-snapshot
Lexical and message-level sentence context effects on fixation times in reading.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372openalex-snapshot
Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.204openalex-snapshot
DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.112.4.777openalex-snapshot
SWIFT: A Dynamical Model of Saccade Generation During Reading.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/h0039808openalex-snapshot
Learning, prediction, and readability.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040521openalex-snapshot
Sources of contextual constraint upon words in sentences.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/226177a0openalex-snapshot
Interaction Effects in Parafoveal Letter Recognition
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01516openalex-snapshot
The remarkable inefficiency of word recognition
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0302-84openalex-snapshot
How Should Reading be Taught?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.23.9631openalex-snapshot
Texture interactions determine perceived contrast.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200111000-00013openalex-snapshot
Does Meaning Matter? The Impact of Word Knowledge on Lateral Masking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06715.xopenalex-snapshot
Visual function: the problem with eccentricity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1978.tb02373.xopenalex-snapshot
Automatic Contextual Facilitation in Readers of Three Ages
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.1995.tb00075.xopenalex-snapshot
How research might inform the debate about early reading acquisition
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1163/156856897x00366openalex-snapshot
The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/4.12.12openalex-snapshot
Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: Distinguishing feature integration from detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/5.1.6openalex-snapshot
Are faces processed like words? A diagnostic test for recognition by parts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/5.11.8openalex-snapshot
Unfocussed spatial attention underlies the crowding effect in indirect form vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/6.3.4openalex-snapshot
The effect of spatial configuration on surround suppression of contrast sensitivity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/7.2.2openalex-snapshot
Effect of letter spacing on visual span and reading speed
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/7.2.6openalex-snapshot
The roles of cortical image separation and size in active visual search performance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/7.2.9openalex-snapshot
The case for the visual span as a sensory bottleneck in reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482269482openalex-snapshot
Psychophysics of Reading in Normal and Low Vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000680openalex-snapshot
Parts, Wholes, and Context in Reading: A Triple Dissociation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2177563openalex-snapshot
The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/747605openalex-snapshot
Exposure to Print and Orthographic Processing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/747752openalex-snapshot
Perceptual Span for Letter Distinctions during Reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/747956openalex-snapshot
The Span of Letter Recognition of Good and Poor Readers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03197600openalex-snapshot
Reading skill and the identification of words in discourse context
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03198682openalex-snapshot
Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03202828openalex-snapshot
Quest: A Bayesian adaptive psychometric method
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03203972openalex-snapshot
The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03204186openalex-snapshot
The availability of useful information to the right of fixation in reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03211582openalex-snapshot
Exposure to print and word recognition processes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03212183openalex-snapshot
Contrast thresholds for identification of numeric characters in direct and eccentric view
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03335168openalex-snapshot
Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429505379openalex-snapshot
New Methods in Reading Comprehension Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003310228-9openalex-snapshot
Visual Search and Reading: Eye Movements and Functional Visual Field: A Tutorial Review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-2284openalex-snapshot
Progress in understanding reading: scientific foundations and new frontiers
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
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Word Superiority Effect Overcomes Crowding
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What is the optimal position of low‐frequency words across line boundaries? An eye movement investigation
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Areas of Interest as a Signal Detection Problem in Behavioral Eye‐Tracking Research
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Neural Mechanisms of High‐Level Vision
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The Effects of Visual Attention Span and Phonological Decoding in Reading Comprehension in Dyslexia: A Path Analysis
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Impact of digital text variables on legibility for persons with dyslexia
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Insights from a dyslexia simulation font: Can we simulate reading struggles of individuals with dyslexia?
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Right‐hemispheric processing of non‐linguistic word features: Implications for mapping language recovery after stroke
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Neural Mechanisms of High‐Level Vision
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68‐2: Considering the Effects of Display Persistence on Eye Movements and Readability in Virtual Reality
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The Defective Armchair: A Reply to Tye
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Functional and Perceptive Considerations for Type Design
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Object Recognition Test in Peripheral Vision: A Study on the Influence of Object Color, Pattern and Shape
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04952-wopenalex-snapshot
Training of vertical versus horizontal reading in patients with hemianopia – a randomized and controlled study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-018-0164-zopenalex-snapshot
Influence of increased letter spacing and font type on the reading ability of dyslexic children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44402-026-00045-zopenalex-snapshot
The Effect of Dioptric Blur on Sight-Reading Music
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00149-3openalex-snapshot
The Bayesian Brain: An Evolutionary Approach to Cognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.01195-9openalex-snapshot
Visual Crowding: A Fundamental Limit of Peripheral Vision, Word Identification and Reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.013openalex-snapshot
The importance of the first and last letter in words during sentence reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.06.003openalex-snapshot
The effects of crowding on eye movement patterns in reading
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Near or far: The effect of spatial distance and vocabulary knowledge on word learning
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The optimal viewing position effect in printed versus cursive words: Evidence of a reading cost for the cursive font
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Applying heuristic evaluation to observation chart design to improve the detection of patient deterioration
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The effects of visual crowding, text size, and positional uncertainty on text legibility at a glance
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High letter stroke contrast impairs letter recognition of bold fonts
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Presbyopia correction with multifocal contact lenses: Evaluation of silent reading performance using eye movements analysis
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Soft toric contact lens correction of moderate astigmatism improves digital reading performance and oculomotor behaviour: An eye movement study
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Elucidating the component processes involved in dyslexic and non-dyslexic reading fluency: An eye-tracking study
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Side flankers produce less crowding, but only for letters
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Crowding: a cortical constraint on object recognition
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Letter and letter-string processing in developmental dyslexia
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Fractionating the multi-character processing deficit in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from two case studies
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Reduced attentional capacity, but normal processing speed and shifting of attention in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from a serial task
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Evaluating hemispheric divisions in processing fixated words: The evidence from Arabic
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Agnosic vision is like peripheral vision, which is limited by crowding
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Language-universal and script-specific factors in the recognition of letters in visual crowding: The effects of lexicality, hemifield, and transitional probabilities in a right-to-left script
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The Critical Role of V2 Population Receptive Fields in Visual Orientation Crowding
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Research on the legibility of Chinese display character sizes in virtual environments
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Effects of ambient illumination, character color perceptual brightness, and postures on the reading performance of Chinese characters on optical see-through head-mounted displays
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improvement of peripheral visual discrimination through mental imagery
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.05.009openalex-snapshot
Developmental changes during childhood in single-letter acuity and its crowding by surrounding contours
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.04.010openalex-snapshot
Mind the gap: Increased inter-letter spacing as a means of improving reading performance
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Visual word recognition is impeded by adjacent words
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A lifetime of reading experience facilitates the perception of crowded letters
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Interference from adjacent words in visual word recognition
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The effect of inter-letter spacing on reading performance and eye movements in typically reading and dyslexic children
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Trans-saccadic parafoveal preview benefits in fluent reading: A study with fixation-related brain potentials
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Frontal cortical regions associated with attention connect more strongly to central than peripheral V1
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Adults with dyslexia exhibit large effects of crowding, increased dependence on cues, and detrimental effects of distractors in visual search tasks
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Neglect dyslexia: A matter of “good looking”
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A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between crowding and reading: A neurodegenerative approach
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Attentional limits in visual search with and without dorsal parietal dysfunction: space-based window or object-based span?
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The effect of letter string length and report condition on letter recognition accuracy
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The effect of spatio-temporal distance between visual stimuli on information processing in children with Specific Language Impairment
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Relationship between slow visual processing and reading speed in people with macular degeneration
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Developmental changes in the visual span for reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.08.017openalex-snapshot
Learning to identify crowded letters: Does it improve reading speed?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.12.009openalex-snapshot
Crowding—An essential bottleneck for object recognition: A mini-review
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Page mode reading with simulated scotomas: Oculo-motor patterns
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Influence of target and distractor contrast on the remote distractor effect
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Precision of position signals for letters
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Search superiority in autism within, but not outside the crowding regime
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Contrast polarity differences reduce crowding but do not benefit reading performance in peripheral vision
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Reading speed in the peripheral visual field of older adults: Does it benefit from perceptual learning?
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Selective Bayes: Attentional load and crowding
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Configuration specificity of crowding in peripheral vision
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Word processing speed in peripheral vision measured with a saccadic choice task
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Spatial-frequency requirements for reading revisited
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Can reading-specific training stimuli improve the effect of perceptual learning on peripheral reading speed?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.018openalex-snapshot
The Optimal Viewing Position effect in the lower visual field
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2013.02.015openalex-snapshot
Measuring reading performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.06.015openalex-snapshot
Size or spacing: Which limits letter recognition in people with age-related macular degeneration?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.014openalex-snapshot
Effects of face feature and contour crowding in facial expression adaptation
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Role of syllable segmentation processes in peripheral word recognition
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Grouping by proximity and the visual impression of approximate number in random dot arrays
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Crowding in the S-cone pathway
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Training peripheral vision to read: Boosting the speed of letter processing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2018.06.013openalex-snapshot
Korean reading speed: Effects of print size and retinal eccentricity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2018.12.006openalex-snapshot
The optimal use of non-optimal letter information in foveal and parafoveal word recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.01.003openalex-snapshot
Different trajectories in the development of visual acuity with different levels of crowding: The Milan Eye Chart (MEC)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.05.006openalex-snapshot
Disrupting uniformity: Feature contrasts that reduce crowding interfere with peripheral word recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.06.002openalex-snapshot
Visual factors in reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.10.011openalex-snapshot
Visual attention modulates reading acquisition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2020.03.001openalex-snapshot
Advantage of detecting visual events in the right hemifield is affected by reading skill
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2020.03.006openalex-snapshot
Asymmetries of reading eye movements in simulated central vision loss
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2021.107972openalex-snapshot
On the cortical mapping function – Visual space, cortical space, and crowding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2022.108012openalex-snapshot
Spatial and temporal proximity of objects for maximal crowding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108211openalex-snapshot
Visual attention modulates the transition from fine-grained, serial processing to coarser-grained, more parallel processing: A computational modeling study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108436openalex-snapshot
The word superiority effect overcomes crowding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2025.108681openalex-snapshot
Development of foveal crowding in typically developing children and children with developmental dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11001841openalex-snapshot
Towards a universal model of reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000222openalex-snapshot
Visual perceptual limitations on letter position uncertainty in reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000325openalex-snapshot
Theories of reading should predict reading speed
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523813000102openalex-snapshot
Foveal visual acuity is worse and shows stronger contour interaction effects for contrast-modulated than luminance-modulated Cs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0013027openalex-snapshot
Serial position effects in the identification of letters, digits, and symbols.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0016888openalex-snapshot
Crowding affects letters and symbols differently.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0022256openalex-snapshot
Frequency drives lexical access in reading but not in speaking: The frequency-lag hypothesis.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0028450openalex-snapshot
Reading through a noisy channel: Why there's nothing special about the perception of orthography.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0035377openalex-snapshot
Visual crowding cannot be wholly explained by feature pooling.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0038734openalex-snapshot
“Pseudoextinction”: Asymmetries in simultaneous attentional selection.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/e520602012-200openalex-snapshot
Frequency Drives Lexical Access in Reading but not in Speaking: The Frequency-Lag Hypothesis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000342openalex-snapshot
Effects of adult aging on letter position coding in reading: Evidence from eye movements.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000070openalex-snapshot
Neural dynamics of grouping and segmentation explain properties of visual crowding.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000032openalex-snapshot
Processing of Arabic diacritical marks: Phonological–syntactic disambiguation of homographic verbs and visual crowding effects.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000319openalex-snapshot
The influence of a word’s number of letters, spatial extent, and initial bigram characteristics on eye movement control during reading: Evidence from Arabic.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001329openalex-snapshot
Effects of vertically aligned flankers during sentence reading.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2187openalex-snapshot
The uncrowded window of object recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59101-wopenalex-snapshot
Human V4 size predicts crowding distance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08652-0openalex-snapshot
Age-related changes in crowding and reading speed
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19859-0openalex-snapshot
Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57204-1openalex-snapshot
Controlling for Participants’ Viewing Distance in Large-Scale, Psychophysical Online Experiments Using a Virtual Chinrest
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92140-zopenalex-snapshot
Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33429-zopenalex-snapshot
Extended perceptive field revealed in humans with binocular fusion disorders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46291-wopenalex-snapshot
Abnormal basic visual processing functions in binocular fusion disorders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52618-yopenalex-snapshot
Vertical and horizontal reading training in patients with hemianopia and its effect on reading eye movements
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75706-5openalex-snapshot
Cost and benefit of parafoveal information during reading acquisition as revealed by finger movement patterns
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep37431openalex-snapshot
Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1068/p6078openalex-snapshot
Word Recognition Processes Modulate the Naso-Temporal Asymmetry of the Human Visual Field
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205566109openalex-snapshot
Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/swll.17.03wylopenalex-snapshot
Cognitive processes and digital reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.940000openalex-snapshot
Assessing the impact of typeface design in a text-rich automotive user interface
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1137637openalex-snapshot
Utilising psychophysical techniques to investigate the effects of age, typeface design, size and display polarity on glance legibility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1991001openalex-snapshot
Fonts of wider letter shapes improve letter recognition in parafovea and periphery
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2015.1128978openalex-snapshot
Improving PDF readability of scientific papers on computer screens
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2016.1234872openalex-snapshot
Cumulative Repetition Effects Across Multiple Readings of a Word: Evidence From Eye Movements
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/02643290903465819openalex-snapshot
The relationship between visual crowding and letter confusability: Towards an understanding of dyslexia in posterior cortical atrophy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107openalex-snapshot
Atypical viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia: A behavioural and modelling investigation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2024.2327665openalex-snapshot
Characterizing different types of developmental dyslexias in French: The Malabi screener
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2534716openalex-snapshot
Implementing silent reading speed and oculomotor behaviour as a clinical measure of functional reading performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2026.2627306openalex-snapshot
A method for studying the contextual similarity of characters in Cyrillic, Devanagari, and Latin scripts and exploration of the effects of typeface design and expertise
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13546800802550134openalex-snapshot
Grouping in object recognition: The role of a Gestalt law in letter identification
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2010.498382openalex-snapshot
Two different mechanisms for omission and substitution errors in neglect dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2011.613451openalex-snapshot
Rehabilitation of reading in older individuals with macular degeneration: A review of effective training programs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.766898openalex-snapshot
No Deficiency in Left-to-Right Processing of Words in Dyslexia but Evidence for Enhanced Visual Crowding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.840852openalex-snapshot
Naming Fluency in Dyslexic and Nondyslexic Readers: Differential Effects of Visual Crowding in Foveal, Parafoveal, and Peripheral Vision
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2015.1049187openalex-snapshot
Breaking down the word length effect on readers’ eye movements
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu293openalex-snapshot
Prominent effects and neural correlates of visual crowding in a neurodegenerative disease population
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhq050openalex-snapshot
Lower-Level Stimulus Features Strongly Influence Responses in the Fusiform Face Area
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000274openalex-snapshot
Effect of Font Size and Glare on Computer Tasks in Young and Older Adults
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000344openalex-snapshot
Learning to Read Vertical Text in Peripheral Vision
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000848openalex-snapshot
Effects of Temporal Modulation on Crowding, Visual Span, and Reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001411openalex-snapshot
Increased Word Spacing Improves Performance for Reading Scrolling Text with Central Vision Loss
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001732openalex-snapshot
Topical Review: The Top Five Peripheral Vision Tools in Sport
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001754openalex-snapshot
Test‐retest Reliability of the qReading Method in Normally Sighted Young Adults
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181a523b7openalex-snapshot
Effect of Amblyopia on the Developmental Eye Movement Test in Children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181d9515copenalex-snapshot
Clinical Impairment Measures and Reading Performance in a Large Age‐Related Macular Degeneration Group
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e318264c9ddopenalex-snapshot
Dependence of Reading Speed on Letter Spacing in Central Vision Loss
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.03.587977openalex-snapshot
Human V4 size predicts crowding distance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2017-0586openalex-snapshot
Identifying counterfeit brand logos: on the importance of the first and last letters of a logotype
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2018-1921openalex-snapshot
Implicit and explicit identification of counterfeit brand logos based on logotype transposition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icpc52881.2021.00036openalex-snapshot
The Effect Of Crowding On The Reading Of Program Code For Programmers With Dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634641openalex-snapshot
The Impact of Visual Segmentation on Lexical Word Recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12286openalex-snapshot
Reliability of a standardized test in S wedish for evaluation of reading performance in healthy eyes. Interchart and test–retest analyses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00799.xopenalex-snapshot
Development and validation of the Greek version of the MNREAD acuity chart
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12624openalex-snapshot
Text‐to‐speech applications to reduce mind wandering in students with dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12344openalex-snapshot
What is the most plausible account of the role of parafoveal processing in reading?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12180openalex-snapshot
Pushing the Speed of Assistive Technologies for Reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1142/9789814759540_0004openalex-snapshot
Eye movements: from psycholinguistics to font design
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/2037296.2037324openalex-snapshot
Going beyond Google Translate?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/2390256.2390260openalex-snapshot
An exploratory study on the impact of typeface design in a text rich user interface on off-road glance behavior
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3003715.3005454openalex-snapshot
The Effect of Font Weight and Rendering System on Glance-Based Text Legibility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3332169.3333572openalex-snapshot
A study of simplified Chinese typeface design applied to automotive user interface
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3343036.3343128openalex-snapshot
Reading Speed Decreases for Fast Readers Under Gaze-Contingent Rendering
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445140openalex-snapshot
AdaptiFont: Increasing Individuals’ Reading Speed with a Generative Font Model and Bayesian Optimization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3719913openalex-snapshot
Characteristics of Driver Peripheral Vision: How Drivers Respond to Ubiquitous Information on Wide-Area In-Vehicle Displays
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791020openalex-snapshot
SituFont: A Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention Interface for Enhancing Mobile Readability in Situational Visual Impairments
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-113509openalex-snapshot
Reading: The Confluence of Vision and Language
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-111025-084618openalex-snapshot
Conscious Awareness Across the Visual Field
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00476.2014openalex-snapshot
Radial-tangential anisotropy of crowding in the early visual areas
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21232openalex-snapshot
Multisensory Spatial Attention Deficits Are Predictive of Phonological Decoding Skills in Developmental Dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02286openalex-snapshot
Optimal Word Reading Rate as Evidenced by Frequency-tagging Electrophysiology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/10.2.21openalex-snapshot
Comparing reading speed for horizontal and vertical English text
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/10.5.16openalex-snapshot
Ideal observer analysis of crowding and the reduction of crowding through learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/10.6.18openalex-snapshot
Training improves reading speed in peripheral vision: Is it due to attention?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/11.1.18openalex-snapshot
Intrinsic position uncertainty explains detection and localization performance in peripheral vision
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/11.5.13openalex-snapshot
Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: A review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/11.5.8openalex-snapshot
Does print size matter for reading? A review of findings from vision science and typography
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/11.7.15openalex-snapshot
Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/13.1.4openalex-snapshot
Reading laterally: The cerebral hemispheric use of spatial frequencies in visual word recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/13.11.14openalex-snapshot
Subjectively homogeneous noise over written text as a tool to investigate the perceptual mechanisms involved in reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/13.12.13openalex-snapshot
On the limited effect of stimulus boundaries on saccade metrics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/13.4.17openalex-snapshot
Quantifying error distributions in crowding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/13.7.14openalex-snapshot
Sensory and cognitive influences on the training-related improvement of reading speed in peripheral vision
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/14.5.3openalex-snapshot
A double dissociation of the acuity and crowding limits to letter identification, and the promise of improved visual screening
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/14.6.3openalex-snapshot
Sensory factors limiting horizontal and vertical visual span for letter recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/14.8.11openalex-snapshot
Effects of visual span on reading speed and parafoveal processing in eye movements during sentence reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/14.8.6openalex-snapshot
Effect of pattern complexity on the visual span for Chinese and alphabet characters
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/15.1.17openalex-snapshot
The effect of motion on crowding: Zooming text
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/15.1.4openalex-snapshot
Substitution and pooling in visual crowding induced by similar and dissimilar distractors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/15.1.8openalex-snapshot
How the visual aspects can be crucial in reading acquisition? The intriguing case of crowding and developmental dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/15.1.9openalex-snapshot
James Jurin (1684-1750): A pioneer of crowding research?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/15.14.13openalex-snapshot
Intact crowding and temporal masking in dyslexia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1167/15.6.12openalex-snapshot
Training on spatiotemporal masking improves crowded and uncrowded visual acuity
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